单词 | erst |
释义 | erstadj.adv. A. adj. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > firstness > [adjective] erstOE foremostc1000 firstlOE onec1384 firstmosta1400 primec1429 firstena1600 fust1851 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > [adjective] > preceding in order > first in order erstOE foremostc1000 firstlOE OE Guthlac A 437 Wæs seo æreste earmra gæsta costung ofercumen. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 75 Ec of heom wrat þer his uers and sancte peter wrat þet ereste. a1225 Leg. Kath. 885 Þes alre schafte schuppent, Schawde ure eareste aldren..Þe wit & te wei of lif. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 10 Pauwel þe earest ancre. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1324 Þes wes þe æreste [c1300 Otho ereste] king þe ferde vt to ræuing. ΚΠ a1225 St. Marher. 14 Þenne þudde ich in ham luueliche þohtes, on earst hare unþonckes. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 193 Þenne an earst bigineð þe deoflen toweden. c1230 Hali Meid. 17 Þat is on alre earst þe stude & te time. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2688 Tho tarst [= at arst] bigan Godrich to go Vpon the Danshe. c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. xi. 95 But þan atte arst ben þei verray good. c1386 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 151 And thanne at erst thus to him sayde sche. 1430 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. vi And than at erst fro hense will I wynde. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 6 Now at erst the irness be brennyng hote. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 6 And now at earst the dirke night doth hast. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iv. sig. Q3 Abandon this forestalled place at erst. B. adv. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [adverb] > earliest or first of all foremostOE erstOE firstc1180 aforewarda1200 erstly1600 OE Beowulf 616 Þa freolic wif ful gesealde ærest East-Dena eþelwearde. c1000 Ælfric Genesis xix. 53 And eode seo yldre swystor ærost to his bedde. c1230 Hali Meid. 15 Þ urh ure lafdi meidenhad þat hit bigon earst þe meiden Marie. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A iv. 29 Bote Concience com arst to Court bi A Myle. 1377 Piers Plowman B. xiv. 216 Arst in þe Maister þan in þe man. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7233 But Ector the honerable erst was on fote. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > firstness > [adverb] erstc1260 firstlya1475 fust1907 c1260 Ballad in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 101 Arst we sullen scinin him ay rowe. c1300 K. Alis. 6480 Ac arst mony of his knyghtis gode Loren theo balles in heore hode. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2061 A win-tre... Orest it blomede and siðen bar. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. iv. 5 Bote Reson Rede me þer-to Arst wol I dye! 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 468 I shal seke treuthe arst ar I se Rome. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1281 Ac arst þow schalt sykery me..þat þou, etc. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 258/4 Why hast not thou erst taken awey the sowle fro my body. 1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale sig. D.viv He shuld haue erst proued his parte trw & myn false. 1578 Bk. Christian Prayers in Private Prayers (1851) 511 Having erst uttered the bowels of thy mercy, thou gavest up the ghost. 1587 M. Grove Pelops & Hippodamia (1878) 13 Earst t'obtaine that still, Which they perceiue doth please the flesh. 1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 138v And ierst with sodaine feare, Lepte of the bed. ΚΠ a1175 Cott. Hom. 229 Aceas he him leorninchnihtes erest twelf..siððan twa and sefentiȝe. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13704 Ærst [c1300 Otho earest] heo lette fleon to feond-liche swiðe. flan..seoððen speren chrakeden. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 389 Luþer he was arst ynou, & wel wors he was þo. c1330 Arth. & Merl. 8497 Taurus hit [= hight] Wawain arst. a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) lvi. 11 Which comforteth the mynde that erst for fere shoke. 1605 S. Rowlands Hell's broke Loose sig. D3v Tamberlaine Was earst a Sheepheard ere he play'd the King. a. Sooner, earlier; before a specified time or event: esp. with negatives; not erst: not before, not till then. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [adverb] erea900 beforeeOE forec1000 toforec1175 therebeforec1200 toforehand1258 forne toc1275 orc1275 andersitha1300 alreadyc1300 rather?1316 beforehandc1330 erstc1330 aforec1350 theretoforea1375 aforehanda1387 forthwitha1400 forwitha1400 or?a1400 ereward14.. toforetimec1400 aforetimes1429 aforetime1433 afore seasons1463 heretoforetime1481 forouth1487 aforrow?a1513 beforrow1568 paravant1590 antecedently1593 formerly1596 precedently1611 preveniently1633 preallably1652 previously1655 precedaneously1657 somewhiles1657 antecedaneously1661 aft1674 prior1675 anteriorly1681 antecedent1690 previous1712 priorly1742 c1330 Florice & Bl. 799 Arst ne schal hit neuer bi do. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 337 Þanne þe money schal be payde and nouȝt arst. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 405 Bi sentence of the iuge..and not erst, neither other wise. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 34 The wedowes bewailled gretly because he was not erst comen. 1588 in W. K. Clay Liturg. Services Q. Eliz. (1847) Of thy most singular bounty, and never yerst seen care. ΚΠ ?a1400 Arthur 291 Now, erst þan we goo ferþer Every man þat ys here Sey a Pater noster. 1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 1032 Far may be sought Erst that ye can finde, etc. 5. Before the present time: a. (a) Referring to a remoter past: ‘Once upon a time’, formerly, of old. archaic or poetic. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > [adverb] erea822 fernOE whileOE erera1000 whilereOE onceOE somewhile1154 whilomc1175 herebeforec1200 somewhilesa1250 yorea1250 orc1275 rather?a1300 erewhilec1305 sometimea1325 sometimec1330 at or in sometime1340 in arrear1340 heretoforea1375 fernyear1377 once upon a timec1380 behinds1382 beforetimea1393 of olda1393 erenow1393 umquhilea1400 erst14.. fornec1400 yore whilec1400 of before1402 late1423 abefore1431 beforetimes1449 whilesc1480 sometime1490 aforrow?a1513 behind1526 quondamc1540 in foretime(s?c1550 erstwhile1569 erstwhiles1569 aleare1581 erewhiles1584 sometimes1597 formerly1599 anciently1624 olim1645 somewhile since1652 quondamly1663 forepassed1664 sometimea1684 backward1691 historically1753 time back1812 had-been1835 when1962 14.. Songs & Carols (Warton Club) 22 That ilke blys That arte [? read arste] haȝt ben, and alwey is. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 69 As yerst the Phrygian Knight, So ours..did smite His Trojan horse. 1729 T. Cooke Tales 185 To Strains which erst the brave Tyrtæus sung. 1789 S. T. Coleridge Anthem Chr. Hosp. Let full gratitude now prompt the tear Which erst did sorrow force to flow. 1808 W. Wordsworth Inscr. Coleorton The ivied ruins of forlorn Grace Dieu; Erst a religious House. a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) II. 48 Count o'er the friends whom erst you knew. (b) Misused as prep. = before adv. ΚΠ 1848 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 109 Erst all time And all incarnate emanations. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > recency > [adverb] neweneOE newlyeOE unyoreeOE noweOE newOE lateOE yesterdaya1300 freshlya1387 of newa1393 anewa1425 newlingsa1425 latewardc1434 the other dayc1450 lately?c1475 erst1480 latewards1484 sith late1484 alatea1500 recently1509 even now1511 late-whiles1561 late ygo1579 formerly1590 just now1591 lastly1592 just1605 low1610 this moment1696 latewardly1721 shortsyne1768 sometime1779 latterly1821 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxxii. 250 That ferefull company, that I spak of eerst. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 153 But a litle earst ye confessed the thyng, which ye do now deny. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. v. sig. D8v The armes, that earst so bright did show. 1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xv. xcv. 381 The vgliest was this Plot, Preuented earst miraculously. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. iii. 233 Meanwhile the other Champions, yerst In hurry of the fight disperst, Arriv'd. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1543 This..horrid spectacle Which earst my eyes beheld and yet behold. View more context for this quotation 1791 W. Cowper Retirem. 100 Forth skipped the cat, not now replete As erst with airy self-conceit. 6. In combination with adjectives and participial adjectives. ΚΠ 1594 J. Dickenson Arisbas sig. B Wherewith Flora had in plentie poudred the freshnesse of her earst-green hue. 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall ii. f. 100 The earst remembred Sir Ric..entertained at one time..the Admirals of the English, Spanish, & Netherland fleets. 1740 W. Somervile Hobbinol (1749) 135 All but the stout And erst unconquer'd Hildebrand. Derivatives ˈerstly adv. in the first place. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [adverb] > earliest or first of all foremostOE erstOE firstc1180 aforewarda1200 erstly1600 1600 Chester Pl. Proem (Shaks. Soc.) 3 Their fore be boulde Erstelye to playe the same. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < |
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