erminen.

Brit.

/ˈəːmɪn/, U.S.

/ˈərmən/

Forms: Middle English–1600s ermin, ermyn(e, (Middle English–1600s hermin, hermyn, Middle English–1600s armin, armyn(e, armyon, 1500s ermion, emerine), Middle English– ermine.

Etymology: < Old French (h)ermine (modern French hermine), cognate with Provençal ermini, Spanish armiño (Minsheu). The remoter etymology is disputed.Some scholars (including Kluge and Skeat) think that the Romanic word is < Old High German harmîn adjective, ‘belonging to the ermine’, < harmo ermine, stoat, weasel, corresponding to the synonymous Old English hearma (glossed ‘megale’ = mygale Wright-Wülcker 32) and Lithuanian szermů̃ (Old Aryan type k'ormōn-, -en-). A different hypothesis (favoured by Littré, Paul Meyer, and others) is that the Romanic words represent Latin Armenius Armenian. The mus Ponticus, ‘Pontic rat’, mentioned by Pliny as a fur-bearing animal, is commonly supposed, though without actual proof, to be the ermine; and as Pontus and Armenia were conterminous, it has been suggested that an alternative name for the animal may have been mus Armenius. That some animal was known by this designation in the second century is rendered probable by a passage in Julius Pollux (c a.d. 180), who ( Onomast. vii. 60) gives μυωτός as the name of an Armenian garment, and, amongst other conjectures as to the origin of the word, suggests that this article of dress may have been so named because made of the skins of ‘the mice (or rats) of that country’. The belief that the ermine derived its name from Armenia was common in the 14th cent., and the supposition accounts quite satisfactorily for the Romanic forms of the word. If this view be correct, it involves the consequence that the resemblance in sound between ermine and Old High German harmîn was merely accidental; there may however have been an early confusion between two distinct words of similar sound and meaning.

1. An animal of the weasel tribe ( Mustela Erminea), an inhabitant of northern countries, called in England a stoat, whose fur is reddish brown in summer, but in winter (in northern regions) wholly white, except the tip of the tail, which is always black.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Mustela (weasel) > mustela erminea (stoat)

erminea1200

vaira1387

whitretc1440

stoatc1460

lobstera1496

ermelin1555

lasset-mouse1591

weasel1607

stump1854

stoat-weasel1882

a1200 Moral Ode in Lamb. Hom. 181 Ne scal þer beo fou ne grei · ne cunig ne ermine.

c1450 Guy Warw. (C.) 9085 Owt of hys mowþe wente a þynge Also whyte, as any armyne.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 217/1 Ermyne, a beest, ermyne.

1555 R. Eden tr. S. von Herberstein Rerum moscouiticarum commentarii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 298^v The skynnes of sables and Ermynes.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 307 The rats and mice in the country of Pontus, namely Hermins, & such like.

1662 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 3rd Pt. 217 The Ermin..will dye before she will be got into the dirt to defile her beautiful skin.

1744 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons (new ed.) 226 Fair Ermines, spotless as the Snows they press.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 354 The weasel may be easily distinguished from the ermine by the tip of the tail, which in the latter is always black.

1835 J. Ross Narr. Second Voy. North-west Passage xv. 228 An ermine came on board, quite starved.

1863 C. M. Yonge Hist. Christian Names II. 82 The pretty tale of the spotless ermine, that took refuge under his shield.

a. The fur of the ermine, often having the black tails (formerly pieces of black lambswool) arranged upon it, at regular intervals, for the sake of effect. The whiteness of ermine is often referred to in poetry as an emblem of purity.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of stoat

ermine1297

powder ermine1534

ermelin1555

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 191 Noble men, y cloþed in ermyne echone.

c1400 St. Alexius (Laud 622) 398 Pelured wiþ Ermyne & wiþ grijs.

a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 30 Hodes & cotes furred with ermyn.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 813/1 A robe of crimsin veluet, furred with ermins.

1598 Floure & Leafe in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 367/1 With cloth of gold and furred with ermine Were the trappours of their stedes strong.

1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer Pref. 159 From the Fox-fur, to the spotted Ermine.

1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 13 Her Skin by Nature; No Ermin better.

1800 H. Macneill Waes o' War (new ed.) ii. 35 Strips thee o' thy robes o' ermin, (Emblems o' thy spotless life).

1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha xi. 146 Shirt of doe-skin..fringed with ermine.

b. plural. Trimmings, or garments, made of this fur. †Formerly also used, as in the singular (see ermight n.), as a name for the material (cf. sables).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > [noun] > garment or dress

ermines1474

toga1738

toguea1862

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. ii. 26 A mantyll aboue furrid wyth ermynes.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxxv. 151 Robes of scarlet, furred with Armyns.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lxv. sig. Pv^v Riche aparayle of emerines lay abrode in euery wyndowe.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Apr. 58 Yclad in Scarlot..And Ermines white.

1639 P. Massinger Unnaturall Combat iii. iii. sig. G I have charg'd through fire that would have sing'd your sables Blacke fox, and ermins.

1690 J. Dryden Don Sebastian v. 118 A Ladies honour..nice as Ermines will not bear a Soil.

1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. vii. 32 Having nothing on his body but some ermins.

1749 T. Nugent Grand Tour IV. 70 His habit of ceremony is a violet-coloured gown with a mantle of ermins.

3. figurative. With reference to the use of ermine in the official robes of judges and the state robes of peers.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > symbol of rank > [noun] > specific emblem of peerage

coroneta1513

ermine1816

strawberry leaf1827

1816 W. Godwin Caleb Williams (ed. 4) III. ix. 155 Reluctant to fix an unnecessary stain upon the ermine of their profession.

1836 E. Bulwer-Lytton Duchess de la Vallière iv. iv This garb of serge Dares speech that daunts the ermine.

1850 E. P. Whipple Ess. & Rev. (ed. 3) I. 21 The purity of the critical ermine, like that of the judicial, is often soiled by contact with politics.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xi. 179 Skilful lawyers..were rewarded with ermine.

4. Heraldry. A heraldic fur; white marked with black spots of a particular shape.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic tincture > [noun] > fur > white with black spots

ermine1562

1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory (last page) Ermyn, white poudered w^t Black.

1655 M. Carter Anal. Honor in Honor Rediv. 11 If..it be white powdred with black, it is Ermin..if white with black and one red hair Erminites.

1766–87 M. A. Porny Elem. Heraldry 25 Ermine is a Field Argent, with small points or spots Sable, in the form of little Triangles, which in Heraldry are generally called Powdering.

1864 C. Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. (ed. 3) iv. 20 Ermine, Black spots on a White field.

Compounds

C1. simple attributive in senses 1 – 4 †ermine cross: = cross erminee adj.

ΚΠ

c1450 Guy Warw. (C.) 8425 Veire and gryce and pylches armyne And clothys of sylke and of satyne.

1486 Bk. St. Albans (Her.) D j Ermyn cros.

1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 15 The men of Rutland..In their rich Ensigne beare an Ermine Ram.

1649 R. Lovelace Lucasta: Epodes, Odes, Sonnets, Songs 63 Grieve not pretty Ermin Cabinet [a Lady's glove].

1742 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) II. 199 My lady..was in dark green velvet trimmed with ermine, and an ermine petticoat.

1766 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. i. 41 Easily distinguished from the other in the ermine state, by the tail.

1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 50 The ermine mantle wherein the female is robed.

1864 C. Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. (ed. 3) xxx. 454 The practice of..artists..in representing ermine-spots.

C2. quasi-adj. White as ermine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > [adjective] > pure white > as ermine

ermine whitea1586

ermine1610

ermined1823

1610 G. Fletcher Christ's Vict. in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign James I (1847) 62 What should I here depaint..her ermine breast.

1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound iv. i. 137 Vapours clothe earth's monarch mountain-tops With kingly, ermine snow.

C3.

ermine-hunter n.

ΚΠ

1865 E. Burritt Walk to Land's End 194 Ermine-hunters have always had a harder time of it than even the Honiton lace-workers.

ermine moth n. [compare French hermine, ‘Bombyx herminea’ (Littré)] ( Hyponomeuta padellus) a moth with white wings spotted with black.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Yponomeutidae > hyponomeuta padellus

ermine moth1859

1859 W. S. Coleman Our Woodlands 55 The pretty little Ermine Moth commits great ravages on the leaves of the Apple tribe.

ermine white adj. white as ermine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > [adjective] > pure white > as ermine

ermine whitea1586

ermine1610

ermined1823

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. sig. N3^v The Ermionne, whitest skinne, spotted with nought.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ermine
释义	erminen. Brit. /ˈəːmɪn/, U.S. /ˈərmən/ Forms: Middle English–1600s ermin, ermyn(e, (Middle English–1600s hermin, hermyn, Middle English–1600s armin, armyn(e, armyon, 1500s ermion, emerine), Middle English– ermine. Etymology: < Old French (h)ermine (modern French hermine), cognate with Provençal ermini, Spanish armiño (Minsheu). The remoter etymology is disputed.Some scholars (including Kluge and Skeat) think that the Romanic word is < Old High German harmîn adjective, ‘belonging to the ermine’, < harmo ermine, stoat, weasel, corresponding to the synonymous Old English hearma (glossed ‘megale’ = mygale Wright-Wülcker 32) and Lithuanian szermů̃ (Old Aryan type k'ormōn-, -en-). A different hypothesis (favoured by Littré, Paul Meyer, and others) is that the Romanic words represent Latin Armenius Armenian. The mus Ponticus, ‘Pontic rat’, mentioned by Pliny as a fur-bearing animal, is commonly supposed, though without actual proof, to be the ermine; and as Pontus and Armenia were conterminous, it has been suggested that an alternative name for the animal may have been mus Armenius. That some animal was known by this designation in the second century is rendered probable by a passage in Julius Pollux (c a.d. 180), who ( Onomast. vii. 60) gives μυωτός as the name of an Armenian garment, and, amongst other conjectures as to the origin of the word, suggests that this article of dress may have been so named because made of the skins of ‘the mice (or rats) of that country’. The belief that the ermine derived its name from Armenia was common in the 14th cent., and the supposition accounts quite satisfactorily for the Romanic forms of the word. If this view be correct, it involves the consequence that the resemblance in sound between ermine and Old High German harmîn was merely accidental; there may however have been an early confusion between two distinct words of similar sound and meaning. 1. An animal of the weasel tribe ( Mustela Erminea), an inhabitant of northern countries, called in England a stoat, whose fur is reddish brown in summer, but in winter (in northern regions) wholly white, except the tip of the tail, which is always black. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Mustela (weasel) > mustela erminea (stoat) erminea1200 vaira1387 whitretc1440 stoatc1460 lobstera1496 ermelin1555 lasset-mouse1591 weasel1607 stump1854 stoat-weasel1882 a1200 Moral Ode in Lamb. Hom. 181 Ne scal þer beo fou ne grei · ne cunig ne ermine. c1450 Guy Warw. (C.) 9085 Owt of hys mowþe wente a þynge Also whyte, as any armyne. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 217/1 Ermyne, a beest, ermyne. 1555 R. Eden tr. S. von Herberstein Rerum moscouiticarum commentarii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 298^v The skynnes of sables and Ermynes. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 307 The rats and mice in the country of Pontus, namely Hermins, & such like. 1662 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 3rd Pt. 217 The Ermin..will dye before she will be got into the dirt to defile her beautiful skin. 1744 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons (new ed.) 226 Fair Ermines, spotless as the Snows they press. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 354 The weasel may be easily distinguished from the ermine by the tip of the tail, which in the latter is always black. 1835 J. Ross Narr. Second Voy. North-west Passage xv. 228 An ermine came on board, quite starved. 1863 C. M. Yonge Hist. Christian Names II. 82 The pretty tale of the spotless ermine, that took refuge under his shield. 2. a. The fur of the ermine, often having the black tails (formerly pieces of black lambswool) arranged upon it, at regular intervals, for the sake of effect. The whiteness of ermine is often referred to in poetry as an emblem of purity. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of stoat ermine1297 powder ermine1534 ermelin1555 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 191 Noble men, y cloþed in ermyne echone. c1400 St. Alexius (Laud 622) 398 Pelured wiþ Ermyne & wiþ grijs. a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 30 Hodes & cotes furred with ermyn. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 813/1 A robe of crimsin veluet, furred with ermins. 1598 Floure & Leafe in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 367/1 With cloth of gold and furred with ermine Were the trappours of their stedes strong. 1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer Pref. 159 From the Fox-fur, to the spotted Ermine. 1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 13 Her Skin by Nature; No Ermin better. 1800 H. Macneill Waes o' War (new ed.) ii. 35 Strips thee o' thy robes o' ermin, (Emblems o' thy spotless life). 1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha xi. 146 Shirt of doe-skin..fringed with ermine. b. plural. Trimmings, or garments, made of this fur. †Formerly also used, as in the singular (see ermight n.), as a name for the material (cf. sables). ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > [noun] > garment or dress ermines1474 toga1738 toguea1862 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. ii. 26 A mantyll aboue furrid wyth ermynes. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxxv. 151 Robes of scarlet, furred with Armyns. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lxv. sig. Pv^v Riche aparayle of emerines lay abrode in euery wyndowe. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Apr. 58 Yclad in Scarlot..And Ermines white. 1639 P. Massinger Unnaturall Combat iii. iii. sig. G I have charg'd through fire that would have sing'd your sables Blacke fox, and ermins. 1690 J. Dryden Don Sebastian v. 118 A Ladies honour..nice as Ermines will not bear a Soil. 1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. vii. 32 Having nothing on his body but some ermins. 1749 T. Nugent Grand Tour IV. 70 His habit of ceremony is a violet-coloured gown with a mantle of ermins. 3. figurative. With reference to the use of ermine in the official robes of judges and the state robes of peers. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > symbol of rank > [noun] > specific emblem of peerage coroneta1513 ermine1816 strawberry leaf1827 1816 W. Godwin Caleb Williams (ed. 4) III. ix. 155 Reluctant to fix an unnecessary stain upon the ermine of their profession. 1836 E. Bulwer-Lytton Duchess de la Vallière iv. iv This garb of serge Dares speech that daunts the ermine. 1850 E. P. Whipple Ess. & Rev. (ed. 3) I. 21 The purity of the critical ermine, like that of the judicial, is often soiled by contact with politics. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xi. 179 Skilful lawyers..were rewarded with ermine. 4. Heraldry. A heraldic fur; white marked with black spots of a particular shape. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic tincture > [noun] > fur > white with black spots ermine1562 1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory (last page) Ermyn, white poudered w^t Black. 1655 M. Carter Anal. Honor in Honor Rediv. 11 If..it be white powdred with black, it is Ermin..if white with black and one red hair Erminites. 1766–87 M. A. Porny Elem. Heraldry 25 Ermine is a Field Argent, with small points or spots Sable, in the form of little Triangles, which in Heraldry are generally called Powdering. 1864 C. Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. (ed. 3) iv. 20 Ermine, Black spots on a White field. Compounds C1. simple attributive in senses 1 – 4 †ermine cross: = cross erminee adj. ΚΠ c1450 Guy Warw. (C.) 8425 Veire and gryce and pylches armyne And clothys of sylke and of satyne. 1486 Bk. St. Albans (Her.) D j Ermyn cros. 1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 15 The men of Rutland..In their rich Ensigne beare an Ermine Ram. 1649 R. Lovelace Lucasta: Epodes, Odes, Sonnets, Songs 63 Grieve not pretty Ermin Cabinet [a Lady's glove]. 1742 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) II. 199 My lady..was in dark green velvet trimmed with ermine, and an ermine petticoat. 1766 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. i. 41 Easily distinguished from the other in the ermine state, by the tail. 1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 50 The ermine mantle wherein the female is robed. 1864 C. Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. (ed. 3) xxx. 454 The practice of..artists..in representing ermine-spots. C2. quasi-adj. White as ermine. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > [adjective] > pure white > as ermine ermine whitea1586 ermine1610 ermined1823 1610 G. Fletcher Christ's Vict. in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign James I (1847) 62 What should I here depaint..her ermine breast. 1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound iv. i. 137 Vapours clothe earth's monarch mountain-tops With kingly, ermine snow. C3. ermine-hunter n. ΚΠ 1865 E. Burritt Walk to Land's End 194 Ermine-hunters have always had a harder time of it than even the Honiton lace-workers. ermine moth n. [compare French hermine, ‘Bombyx herminea’ (Littré)] ( Hyponomeuta padellus) a moth with white wings spotted with black. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Yponomeutidae > hyponomeuta padellus ermine moth1859 1859 W. S. Coleman Our Woodlands 55 The pretty little Ermine Moth commits great ravages on the leaves of the Apple tribe. ermine white adj. white as ermine. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > [adjective] > pure white > as ermine ermine whitea1586 ermine1610 ermined1823 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. sig. N3^v The Ermionne, whitest skinne, spotted with nought. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). erminev. Brit. /ˈəːmɪn/, U.S. /ˈərmən/ Etymology: < ermine n. transitive. To clothe as if with ermine; to make white as ermine. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitening > make white [verb (transitive)] whiteOE emblanch1393 blank1484 whiten1552 frost1596 albify1599 frostbite?1605 hoar1605 dealbate1623 impearl1640 marble1658 bewhite1678 whiten1699 rewhiten1725 bewhiten1810 ermine1825 powder1890 1825 New Monthly Mag. 13 63 It [snow] ermined all the dark-brown moor. 1870 H. Macmillan Bible Teachings xiv. 269 The glistening beach, ermined by the surf. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1200v.1825
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erminen.

Compounds

erminev.