| 释义 |
enterprisen. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French entreprise. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French entreprise, entreprinse, entrepris (French entreprise ) boldness, daring spirit (mid 14th cent.), undertaking, project (late 14th cent.; c1230 in an isolated attestation in Old French in sense ‘quarrel, dispute’, late 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman in sense ‘disturbance’), use as noun of feminine past participle of entreprendre (see enterprise v.). Compare earlier emprise n.With the specific uses in a business context in sense 1b and with sense 1c compare French entreprise commercial activity (1699), business, company (1798). With the β. forms compare inter- prefix. 1. the world > action or operation > undertaking > [noun] > an undertaking > bold or chivalrous the world > action or operation > undertaking > [noun] > an undertaking 1442 T. Bekington Let. in G. Williams (1872) II. 216 (MED) We have understande, to oure grete displeasire, the grete enterprises that our adversary of Fraunce doeth dayly. c1450 (c1440) S. Scrope in tr. C. de Pisan (Longleat) (1904) 2 The many and grete entreprises of labouris & aventuris that ye haue..yovyn youre selph to. c1475 (?c1451) (Royal) (1860) 6 Entrepruises [read entreprinses] and werris taken and founded uppon a just cause. 1530 J. Palsgrave 868 The great diffyculte of myne entrepryse. 1548 f. lvijv Kyng Henry not myndyng..to leaue his enterprice vnperformed, sent the duke of Clarence to the sea coast. 1587 R. Hakluyt tr. R. de Laudonnière f. 16 They put themselues to sea, and with so slender victualles, that the end of their enterprise became vnlucky. 1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero 254 To vndergoe once more another interprize for the kingdome of England. 1618 E. Elton xxi. 398 Wee must not bee ignorant of Satans Enterprizes. 1671 J. Milton 804 I knew that liberty Would draw thee forth to perilous enterprises, While I at home sate full of cares and fears. 1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in 272 He..had wandred long in search of some Enterprise. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Introd. sig. c3 A Voyage round the World is still considered as an enterprize of a very singular nature. 1814 T. Chalmers viii. 215 We must restrain the enterprizes of fancy. 1871 E. Colbert & M. Chamberlin xxviii. 152 The principal building enterprises of the city during the after-war period, were the two tunnels under the river. 1930 A. Pound & R. E. Day xxix. 310 These hardy voyagers, accustomed to forlorn hopes and desperate enterprises. 1974 26 149 Prince Tan found the right man for this momentous enterprise. 2014 (Nexis) 22 June 26 Hall has launched a bold enterprise to introduce primary-school children to the riches of orchestral music. the world > action or operation > undertaking > [noun] > engagement in bold undertakings c1475 tr. A. Chartier (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 155 (MED) Ye desire thaire discomfiture thrugh prayers and woordys; and thei purchase yours by enterprise of deede. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin ii. f. 2v In our fyrste beginninge of enterpryse to be forsaken and destytute of sounde vnderstandinge. 1613 T. Milles tr. P. Mexia et al. ix. x. 925/2 By enterprise of a few by the attempt of some one man. 1671 J. Milton ii. 412 Great acts require great means of enterprise. 1769 ‘Junius’ (1772) I. iii. 28 You ought to have pointed out some instances of..well-concerted enterprize. 1783 W. Thomson in R. Watson & W. Thomson vi. 407 Times of national enterprize. 1829 I. Taylor (1867) iv. 71 Theology offers no field to men fond of intellectual enterprise. 1877 E. J. Payne ii. 34 He at once saw in these new-found lands in the south a field for European enterprise. 1908 E. F. Benson 142 American enterprise has already largely repaired the destruction. 1987 M. D. Vinze vii. 210 Those women who have opted for entrepreneurship and were busy with enterprise. 2017 (Nexis) 31 Aug. Channel national energies into constructive debate and productive enterprise. society > trade and finance > [noun] > trading venture or speculation society > occupation and work > business affairs > [noun] > commercial undertaking society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [noun] 1847 10 309/1 He was auditor of the Columbian Pearl Fishery company—one not among the brightest enterprises of that speculative period. 1862 A. Helps 28 In those enterprises which we call joint-stock undertakings. 1888 E. Bellamy xxii. 331 Credit..was the only means you had for concentrating and directing it [sc. capital] upon industrial enterprises. 1930 5 July 22/1 During the past month big Dutch enterprises have had to have recourse to foreign markets, chiefly London, for their capital requirements. 1966 T. Pynchon iii. 63 An import-export firm bought the bones, sold them to a fertilizer enterprise. 1986 D. Howell i. 9 The expansion of light and soft industries and enterprises in previously predominantly agricultural areas and market towns. 2014 E. C. Economy & M. Levi 265 Sinosteel is a state-owned enterprise with eighty-six subsidiaries. the mind > emotion > courage > daring > [noun] the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > energy or enterprise c1450 King Ponthus (Digby) in (1897) 12 63 (MED) Ma dame,..I trowe that the entrepris comes of you. c1475 (?c1451) (Royal) (1860) 20 Was never so worshipfulle an act of entreprise done in suche a case. a1554 J. Croke tr. (1844) cii. 22 Thyne entrepryse dyd neuer quayle. 1567 in J. Cranstoun (1891) I. v. 17 I grant ȝour interpryse was gude. 1635 tr. Seneca iii. 6 They admir'd his daring enterprise. 1692 T. Brown tr. M.-C. d'Aulnoy 82 He was known to be a Man of Enterprise. 1757 5–8 Feb. 136/3 Sempronius is distinguished by a daring Spirit of Enterprize. 1797 E. Burke 88 In such [piratical] expeditions, enterprize supplies the want of discipline. 1824 W. Irving I. 259 I had not enterprise nor impudence enough to venture from my concealment. 1869 E. A. Freeman (1876) III. xiv. 332 With an expression of contempt for his lack of enterprise. 1922 XXXI. 492/1 Lloyd's underwriters have shown a great deal of enterprise in accepting risks of a novel kind. 1975 C. A. Tripp xii. 281 Those rigors of conformity that slowly crash all pluck and enterprise. 2015 L. S. Kaplan i. 1 He showed a spirit of enterprise in his first job. society > authority > control > [noun] > management or administration a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara (1546) sig. D.vijv Some abode there charged with the enterpryse of the sonne. 1803 in Ld. Nelson (1845) V. 370 The enterprise and conduct of the Fleet devolved on Lord Nelson. Compounds C1. 1970 36 445 The manager will be motivated to turn out an assortment and a quality of goods desired by consumers (and enterprise users). 1983 H. B. Becker ix. 124 The logical integrity measures associated with enterprise software of all forms are potentially the most complex. 1993 4 Oct. 94/1 Digital has taken steps..to strengthen Pathworks' enterprise orientation. 1998 26 Oct. 57/1 Many in the industry say parallelism will continue to wring substantial power out of enterprise hardware and software. 2002 B. McLaughlin Pref. x. This chapter presents the vital planning and requirements phase of enterprise programming. 2011 B. Halpert v. 92 This is a crucial point of understanding, as to the difference between consumer Web applications..and enterprise cloud services. 1990 X.400 on Macintosh in comp.sys.mac.comm (Usenet newsgroup) 6 July Good for enterprise level WAN mail networks. 2009 J. Postman i. 5 The market for enterprise-grade tools for measuring social media effectiveness is in its early stages. 2013 P. Nathan Pref. p. vii. Cascading provides an open source API for writing Enterprise-scale apps. C2. 1979 B. C. Roberts et al. iv. 77 The negotiation of the basic enterprise agreement is often a laborious process. 1995 J. J. Macken & G. Gregory ii. 15 The employers wanted enterprise agreements which would allow total flexibility to make changes throughout the enterprise. 2007 (Nexis) 30 Oct. 24 St George Bank and the Finance Sector Union signed a new enterprise agreement yesterday which will give staff a 12 per cent pay rise over the next three years. 1958 S. B. Levine v. 110 Enterprise bargaining..often takes on the appearance of industry-wide negotiations when a company which has far-flung operations throughout the nation..exercises a virtual monopoly in its field. 1978 3 Oct. 15/4 How far is that same stability of employment—a precondition of effective enterprise-bargaining structure—becoming characteristic of modern Britain? 1996 T. Dalton et al. ii. 28 By the 1990s..wages and conditions were increasingly being set by direct enterprise bargaining between unions, individual workers and employers. 2016 (Nexis) 27 Aug. 20 Enterprise bargaining is incredibly strong in the public sector, with nine out 10 public sector workers covered by enterprise agreements. 1990 (Nexis) 26 Jan. 2/3 Unions believe a Liberal Party win federally would lead to..a push for enterprise-bargaining agreements which would greatly reduce the influence of unions among the workforce. 1999 J. Kitay in M. Regini et al. iii. 86 Bank A's enterprise bargaining agreement (EBA) established a joint consultative committee. 2005 11 Apr. 11 A crisis is brewing..with the permanent staff striking over attempts by the Guild Office Bearers to change their Enterprise Bargaining Agreement. society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > types of economic system 1976 K. Joseph in 31 Oct. 4/8 We have an anti-enterprise culture. Successive Governments..have heaped restraints and regulations upon them.] 1979 9 Aug. 3/8 Sir Keith Joseph visited Scotland again yesterday in search of an ‘enterprise culture’. 1989 Jan. 11/1 At the age of 27 she has embraced the enterprise culture and established Upstage Theatre. 2014 (Nexis) 7 July (Business section) 27 Australia is being left for dead by other countries that are fostering an enterprise culture among young people. 1986 17 Nov. 55/2 There are so-called enterprise customers that IBM, Rolm and MCI would work with to jointly deliver products and services. 1998 (Nexis) 30 June 47 Although small business is still a focus area, our focus now is on generating revenue and providing network computing-based solutions to our enterprise customers. 2010 M. J. Cronin viii. 233 Until quite recently the M2M [= machine-to-machine] sector has focused on solutions for the government and for enterprise customers. 1911 38 259 We can take the general idea of the mechanics' lien laws as an analogy from which we can construct what we may call the principle of enterprise liability for industrial injuries. 1983 35 592 The ‘polluter pays’ principle is a specific variation of the more general theory of enterprise liability. 2010 D. Brodie 11 Enterprise liability reflects the moral sentiment that those who undertake activities in the pursuit of profit should compensate those damaged as a result. 1992 42.06 SunFlash: Next-generation Distributed Computing in lou.sun (Usenet newsgroup) 9 June Networking is the technology that separates PC operating systems from enterprise-ready operating systems. 2002 15 May 118/1 Potential buyers now have numerous enterprise-ready options. 2015 K. Singh i. 17 Ceph is an enterprise-ready storage system that offers support to a wide range of protocols and accessibility methods. 1991 14 Oct. 49/5 ASK aimed to address the requirement for enterprise-wide information systems... The focus of enterprise resource planning was not just manufacturing but logistics. 2005 13 Sept. 26/2 Large companies rarely have just one instance of an enterprise resource planning or customer relationship management system. It is not unusual for global companies to have 50 or more separate ERP instances. 1991 20 157/2 Identifying, developing, and delivering enterprise solutions will require substantial adjustments in traditional account control mechanisms used in high tech. 2002 15 Sept. 35/3 Security remains the primary concern among IT managers who are considering adopting wireless enterprise solutions. 2017 (Nexis) 21 Mar. 29 Only through an enterprise solution can organisations remove the complexity of managing multiple systems and implement a cloud first, mobile first strategy. 1939 C. B. Joeckel 84 Preoccupation with consumer demands may militate against unified, enterprise-wide policies and co-ordination. 1987 (Nexis) 8 June 11 IBM is now pushing the concept of enterprisewide networking. 2015 J. W. Cortada ii. 58 Managers should invest in IT systems that are enterprise-wide. society > occupation and work > workplace > [noun] > area where business is encouraged society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > [noun] > town-planning or development > area where government encourages enterprise 1978 27 June 2/1 A suggestion that ‘enterprise zones’ should be created in Britain's derelict inner cities..was made last night by Sir Geoffrey Howe..in a speech to the Bow Group. 1981 31 Aug. d9 Cities would design projects under the ‘enterprise zone program’ using tax breaks, deregulation or other investment incentives such as job training. 2014 67 355 Enterprise zones and university research parks have a positive statistical relationship with employment growth. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). enterprisev. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: enterprise n.; French entrepris, entreprendre. Etymology: Partly (i) < enterprise n. (compare forms at that entry), and partly (ii) < Anglo-Norman and Middle French entrepris, past participle of entreprendre (French entreprendre ) to attack (an enemy) (1140 in Old French), to begin, embark upon (an endeavour) (late 12th cent.; end of the 14th cent. intransitive in entreprendre sur ) < entre- enter- prefix + prendre to take (see prend v.), partly as alteration (with suffix substitution: compare entre- enter- prefix) of Old French emprendre (see emprise v.). Compare earlier emprise v.Specific senses. With sense 2 compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French entreprise attack, military assault (late 14th cent.), specific sense development of entreprise undertaking, project (see enterprise n.). Specific forms. With the β. forms compare inter- prefix. 1. a. To undertake or attempt (a task or project, esp. one which is bold, difficult or important); to embark upon (an endeavour or venture, in early use esp. in military contexts); to take on, tackle. the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)] ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre (1894) II. lf. 275v Is hit not a grete parte of the somer passed, And ye haue yet no thynge enterprysid vpon your enemyes. 1485 W. Caxton in Table of Contents sig. ivv How Trystram enterprysed the bataylle to fyght for the trewage of Cornwayl. a1530 W. Bonde (1531) ii. f. li It boldeth hym to..enterpryse wtout feare suche ieoperdy. 1549 (STC 16267) Matrimonie f. xiii* Matrimonie..is not to bee enterprised..vnaduisedlye. 1573 in J. Cranstoun (1891) I. xlii. 185 Thay that..did the mater Interpryse. 1602 S. Patrick tr. I. Gentillet 314 Appius could not obtaine the tyrannie which hee had enterprised. 1695 W. Lowndes 29 This was Enterprized by a Prince who could stretch his Prerogative very far upon his People. 1728 T. Woolston iv. 55 That the Bearers of the poor man should enterprise a trouble and a difficulty. 1788 W. Cowper 6 Dec. (1982) III. 174 Impossible for Mrs. Unwin to enterprize a cake. 1807 G. Chalmers I. i. ii. 57 Roman ambition first enterprized the conquest of the common parent of the British nations. 1871 J. Ruskin I. v. 12 What the Times calls ‘Railway Enterprise’. You Enterprised a Railroad through the valley. 1925 12 Mar. 11/5 It is not a scheme to be lightly enterprised by Imperial Airways. 1963 7 Apr. ii. 23/1 The pieces are being enterprised, the initiative is being taken. 2015 (Nexis) 17 Dec. Nothing of that kind has been enterprised in areas most affected. 1481 W. Caxton tr. iii. xxiv. sig. n4 Them that haue late enterprysed agayn right and reson to make warre. 1523 J. Skelton 388 Maister Chaucer..nobly enterprysed How that our Englysshe myght freshly be ennewed. 1581 J. Marbeck 497 Ananias, thou hast enterprised to lye vnto the Holie ghost. c1600 A. Montgomerie (2000) I. 106 In thair spheirs they dar not interpryse For to appeir lyk Planeits as they ar. 1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero 97 They..neuer interprised to forsake their limited habitations. 1617 J. Hales 9 Hee therefore enterpris'd to handle this argument. 1725 R. Blackmore 241 They are firm, enterprizing to undertake some great and worthy Design. 1772 W. Tytler (ed. 3) i. 18 The Earl of Bothwell..had enterprised to ravish her person. 1860 Jan. 24/1 He enterprised to imprint a book of the noble histories. 1900 13 Sept. 3/4 Inhabitants of the modern village, who have in vain enterprised to subsoil their gardens. 1941 E. R. Eddison vii. 100 I..do now enterprise shortly no less than to usurp and seize..the whole sovereign power of the King. the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake or set oneself to do [verb (intransitive)] the world > action or operation > endeavour > make an attempt or endeavour [verb (intransitive)] society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)] > direct an attack on 1547 tr. A. de Marcourt iii. sig. B.viii The whiche worde..none of the euangelystes dyd adde wherin they enterprise vpon the worde of god. 1588 J. Udall sig. G4 Be sure of the Court, before you enterprise anye other where. 1613 T. Milles tr. P. Mexia et al. xvii. 667 To cleanse and wash their bodies, before they enterprized on any doubtful occasions. 1651 tr. F. de Quintana 207 He had a design to enterprise upon the honour of his owne Sister. 1701 J. Collier tr. Marcus Aurelius xi. xxxvii. 222 We should Enterprize with a reserve for Disappointment. 1732 D. Neal I. 111 It behoved the learned, grave, and godly ministers of Christ to enterprize farther. 1792 C. Dibdin II. iv. vii. 246 Those poor wretches, who had vainly enterprized for so much treasure. 1815 Nov. 751/2 It argues some nerve and courage that he should have enterprised on such a subject. 1968 E. Lovelace vi. 98 I am a poor man trying my best with a little shop and much worries. I try to enterprise. I do much work. †2. society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)] the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] ?1510 T. More in tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola sig. f.ivv He lieth at hand and shal vs entreprise. a1513 H. Bradshaw (1521) ii. i. sig. m.iii Danes and Norwaies enterprised this lande. society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (intransitive)] > commence an attack c1570 J. Leslie (1830) 174 Thay..interprysed courageouslie aganis the capitane and keparis.., and behaved thame selffis so stoutlye, that the castell was randerit to the Governour. 1588 E. Aggas tr. F. de La Noue xxii. 281 Wee might as well haue enterprised vpon the coastes of Sclauonia. 1640 J. Yorke 37 One Robert Huldern..with 15,000 strong enterprized for Yorke. 1675 H. Neville tr. N. Machiavelli Prince iii, in tr. N. Machiavelli 202 France..with its own forces alone had been able to have enterpriz'd upon Naples. 1745 W. Whiston I. iv. 377 After his Return to Balch, having enterprized upon Argasp. 1813 R. Wilson II. 248 Buonaparte..might, perhaps, enterprize towards Prague. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1442 v.?1473 |
