epiphenomenonn.

1706 in Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.)

1731–1800 in N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict.

1874 W. H. Van Buren & E. L. Keyes Pract. Treat. Surg. Dis. Genito-urinary Organs 93 Stricture is only an epiphenomenon, and not the disease itself.

1876 J. S. Bristowe Treat. Theory & Pract. Med. i. iii. 104 Fever is always secondary to some specific or other disease of which it is a mere epiphenomenon or symptom.

1882 Nature 26 Oct. 640/1 Trombes and tornadoes are short epiphenomena of cyclones.

1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. v. 129 But this would be a quite autonomous chain of occurrences, and whatever mind went with it would be there only as an ‘epiphenomenon’, an inert spectator.

1899 J. Ward Naturalism & Agnosticism II. 37 The newly coined phrase epiphenomenon (or, as the Germans say, Begleiterscheinung).

1913 J. M. Baldwin Hist. Psychol. II. iv. 60 This charge [of materialism] is frankly accepted..by those, such as Maudsley, who accept the ‘epiphenomenon’ theory of consciousness; to them consciousness is merely a by-product, a spark thrown off by the engine, the brain.

1952 W. J. H. Sprott Social Psychol. 208 Marxists have never taken ideas as mere epi-phenomena.

1965 H. Kuhlenbeck in J. R. Smythies Brain & Mind 156 Yet, in this respect, consciousness remains either an ‘epiphenomenon’ or a parallel, not ‘causally’ involved phenomenon... The term ‘epiphenomenon’ stresses the ‘vectorial’ or one-way, open transformation from public physical space-time into private perceptual space-time.