esteemn.

/ɪˈstiːm/

Forms: see the verb.

Etymology: < esteem v.: compare French estime (perhaps the source), Spanish estima, Portuguese estima, Italian stima.

†1.

a. Estimate, valuation, in to make an esteem. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun] > so as to fix value

taxationc1325

estimation1382

appraising1430

valuing1434

stentc1460

appreciationc1475

prizement1481

sessinga1500

value1523

valuation1529

esteemc1547

estimate1565

appraisement1583

apprizement1605

pricea1616

appraisal1698

apprizing1754

evaluation1755

c1547 Vox Populi xii, in J. Skelton Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 410 Of the substance of your realme..I wyll make an esteame.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) v. iii. 1 We lost a Iewell of her, and our esteeme Was made much poorer by it.

b. Estimated value, valuation.

ΚΠ

a1641 J. Webster et al. Cure for Cuckold (1661) ii. i. sig. C3 I will deliver you in ready Coin, the full and dearest esteem of what you crave.

a1672 Bp. J. Wilkins Of Princ. Nat. Relig. (1693) ii. vi. 363 Every one who will act rationally..must proportion his esteem of things, according to the real value of them.

c. to put, set (an) esteem, a high, low esteem upon: to set a value upon, cause to be esteemed (highly, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [verb (transitive)]

haveeOE

weenc1000

praisec1250

setc1374

set by1393

endaunt1399

prizec1400

reverencec1400

tender1439

repute1445

to have (also make, take) regard to or that1457

to take, make, set (no) count of (upon, by)c1475

pricec1480

to make (great, etc.) account (also count, esteem, estimation, reckoning, regard, store) of1483

force1509

to look upon ——c1515

to have (also hold) in estimationc1522

to make reckoning of1525

esteem1530

regard1533

to tell, make, hold, set (great, little, no) store of1540

value1549

to make dainty of (anything)1555

reckon1576

to be struck on1602

agrade1611

respect1613

beteem1627

appreciate1648

to put, set (an) esteem, a high, low esteem upon1665

to think small beer of1816

to think the world of1826

existimate1847

reckon1919

rate1973

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 677 Here may be a Reason why valiant men should set a light esteem thereon.

a1680 J. Bargrave Pope Alexander VII (1867) ii. 123 But they put an esteem upon them, and I [was] made pay dear for them.

a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 21 The World, that never sets Esteem On what Things are, but what they seem.

2. Estimation, opinion, judgement. Somewhat archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun]

weenc888

rightnessOE

steemc1330

sight1362

witc1374

emprisea1393

reputation?c1400

apprizingc1449

nick?a1450

vail1471

countc1475

opinionc1480

estimationc1522

meting1548

reckoning1548

valuation1548

computation1558

account1583

cess1588

esteem1598

appreciation1605

resentiment1606

repute1610

ratea1616

assessmenta1626

estimate1637

vote1639

supputation1643

compute1646

value1651

resentment1655

contemplation1673

critique1798

appraisement1808

appraisal1817

viewa1854

sizing up1967

chit1989

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost ii. i. 4 Your selfe, helde precious in the worldes esteeme .

1640 T. Fuller Joseph's Coat 179 The good esteeme, which Forrainers have conceived of the Piety and Learning of the Geneva Ministers.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 328 Our Foe..affronts us with his foul esteem Of our integritie.

a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 19 Perfect Righteousness is a full and adequate Esteem of all the value that is in Things.

1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. vi. 224 In the Divine esteem, the law was not more excellent after than before atonement.

3. Favourable opinion; regard; respect. in (much) esteem: in favour. (obsolete or archaic)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [noun]

talec1175

daintya1250

price?a1300

accounta1393

recommendation1433

conceita1438

opiniona1450

tendershipc1460

regard?1533

sense1565

mense1567

sake1590

eye1597

consideration1598

esteem1611

choicea1616

recommends1623

value1637

appreciation1650

mass1942

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 1 [It] deserueth certainly much respect and esteeme.

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis Pref. A Camoyse Saddle-nose is in esteem.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 396 Who can see, Without esteem for virtuous Poverty, Severe Fabritius.

1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. sig. *B2^v Both those Poets liv'd in much esteem, with good and holy Men in Orders.

1738–9 W. Richardson in Swift's Lett. (1768) IV. 219 I am ever, dear Sir, with the highest esteem and respect, etc.

1800 T. Cogan Philos. Treat. Passions i. iii. 151 Esteem is the commencement of affection.

1823 C. Lamb Mrs. Battle's Opinions on Whist in Elia 75 Whist had engaged her maturer esteem.

1841 R. W. Emerson Self-reliance in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 88 They measure their esteem of each other by what each has, and not by what each is.

1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner iii. 59 He was banished for ever from the sight and esteem of Nancy Lammeter.

†4. Account, worth; reputation; also, man, etc. of (great, etc.) esteem. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > [noun]

nameeOE

talec1175

fame?c1225

lose1297

creancec1330

stevenc1374

opinionc1384

credencec1390

recorda1393

renowna1400

reputationc1400

reportc1425

regardc1440

esteema1450

noisea1470

reapport1514

estimation1530

savour1535

existimationa1538

countenancea1568

credit1576

standing1579

stair1590

perfumec1595

estimate1597

pass1601

reportage1612

vibration1666

suffrage1667

rep1677

face1834

odour1835

rap1966

a1450 Knt. de la Tour 179 I hold them of none extyme.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope 144 Of the which wordes the labourer made lytyl extyme.

1604 S. Rowlands Looke to It 42 Earth's delightes shall be of no esteeme.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iii. viii. 8 Fiue hundred Prisoners of esteeme.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. vii. 27 Your Highnesse is betroath'd Vnto another Lady of esteeme .

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 106 A dreaming Oracle, long time of diuine Æsteam among them.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. iii. 158 Others..boast of their robberies, to usurp the esteem of valour.

1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces ii. 92 Men..who have passed through most of the Employments of State with the esteem of Prudence and Integrity.

1712 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 311 Whatsoever is of any Esteem with Men.

1763 J. Brown Diss. Poetry & Music iv. §28. 44 The Profession of Bard or Musician would be held..of high Esteem.

1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 90 All these were of precious esteem, being family reliques.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

esteemv.

/ɪˈstiːm/

Forms: Middle English–1500s estyme, extyme, Middle English–1600s esteme, 1500s exsteme, 1500s–1600s esteeme, (1500s æsteme, extime, exsteme, exteame, 1600s æsteam, estime, 1700s esteam), Middle English– esteem. Also Middle English aphetic stime.

Etymology: < Old French estimer (often spelt extimer ), < Latin aestimāre , of which estimate v. is the direct representative. Compare Provençal estimar, Spanish estimar, Portuguese estimar, Italian stimar. The regular phonetic representative of Latin aestimāre in Old French was esmer aim v. For the phonology in English compare redeem, < Latin redimĕre; the sound /ɪ/ under some undefined circumstances became in late Middle English /eː/ afterwards passing regularly into the modern /iː/.

I. To estimate value; to value.

†1. transitive. To estimate the value of, assign (a value) to; to value, assess, appraise. Const. at. In later use only figurative, to assign the degree of merit of Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measure [verb (transitive)] > estimate measurement or amount

esteem1477

estimate1669

appreciate1818

appraise1864

evaluate1874

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)]

talec897

ween971

takec1175

weigha1200

deem?c1225

judge?c1225

guessc1330

reta1382

accounta1387

aretc1386

assize1393

consider1398

ponder?a1400

adjudgec1440

reckonc1440

peisec1460

ponderate?a1475

poisea1483

trutinate1528

steem1535

rate?1555

sense1564

compute1604

censure1605

cast1606

cense1606

estimate1651

audit1655

state1671

balance1692

esteem1711

appraise1823

figure1854

tally1860

revalue1894

lowball1973

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 87 Ye ar in valewe moche more thenne I can exteme.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) cxxiii. 440 The bed that Huon lay on..no humayne tonge can esteme the valewe therof.

1551 Bible (Matthew's) Lev. xxvii. 17 Hys land..shalbe worthe accordinge as it is estemed.

1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (1588) iv. v. 496 So of Charters..their value cannot be esteemed.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. iv. 76 What do you esteeme it at?

1621 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses & Bk. Psalmes Lev. v. 13 The priest..was to esteeme and value all holy things.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 257. ¶8 No other Being can..esteem us according to our Merits.

1776 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. (1876) vii. 422 It is the duty of the connoisseur to know and esteem..every part of painting.

2. To attach value (subjectively) to.

a. In neutral sense, qualified variously by adverbs (highly, lightly, little, well, etc.) or phrases: To hold in (favourable or unfavourable) estimation.In modern use highly, little, are merely intensive or the reverse, the verb having the sense 2b. In the archaic to esteem lightly the original sense remains.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > view in a certain way

findOE

telllOE

to take for ——a1393

receivec1400

notec1440

reputec1475

esteem1532

estimate1609

relish1617

set1648

resent1649

contemplate1785

1532 T. More Confut. Barnes in Wks. (1557) 810/2 Suche apostasye..is in oure wretched dayes..little estemed.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 15 Hys vertue schold have byn otherwyse extymyd.

a1600 R. Hooker in Wks. (Everyman) II. 88 They..esteem highly profound wisdom.

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xcvi. sig. G On the finger of a throned Queene, The basest Iewell wil be well esteem'd .

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 4 Mar. How is the man esteem'd heere in the Citie? Gold. Of very reuerent reputation sir.

1772 W. Jones Ess. Poetry Eastern Nations in Poems 194 Yet Sadi's poems are highly esteemed at Constantinople.

1783 W. Cowper Let. 12 May (1981) II. 132 If I can tell you no News, I can tell you at least that I esteem you highly.

b. In favourable sense: To regard as valuable; to think highly of; to feel regard for, respect (persons or their qualities; now chiefly with reference to moral characteristics).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [verb (transitive)]

haveeOE

weenc1000

praisec1250

setc1374

set by1393

endaunt1399

prizec1400

reverencec1400

tender1439

repute1445

to have (also make, take) regard to or that1457

to take, make, set (no) count of (upon, by)c1475

pricec1480

to make (great, etc.) account (also count, esteem, estimation, reckoning, regard, store) of1483

force1509

to look upon ——c1515

to have (also hold) in estimationc1522

to make reckoning of1525

esteem1530

regard1533

to tell, make, hold, set (great, little, no) store of1540

value1549

to make dainty of (anything)1555

reckon1576

to be struck on1602

agrade1611

respect1613

beteem1627

appreciate1648

to put, set (an) esteem, a high, low esteem upon1665

to think small beer of1816

to think the world of1826

existimate1847

reckon1919

rate1973

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 540/1 Wene you that men shall estyme you for your fayre eyes.

1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote IV. ii. 11 Every Man bears with the rich man's Follies..have much and thou shalt be esteem'd much.

a1704 T. Brown Ess. Satire Ancients in Wks. (1730) I. 24 All this does not hinder me from esteeming the great men that live now.

1772 W. Jones Ess. (1777) i. 183 Those authors who are generally esteemed in Persia.

1816 J. Austen Emma I. viii. 123 If he had never esteemed my opinion before, he would have thought highly of me then.

1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. iii. v. 350 Gold and silver have always been sufficiently rare to be esteemed for their scarcity.

†c. To think much of, regard as important. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (transitive)] > regard as important

to lay prize, store upona1307

counta1400

regard1509

esteema1568

to put (also place, etc.) on a pedestal1811

to give (full, due) weight to1885

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) Pref. to Rdr. I..shall not moch æsteme the misliking of any others.

1631 T. May tr. J. Barclay Mirrour of Mindes i. 202 They can also entertaine long friendship, and, where they truely loue, esteeme no dangers in respect of that sacred league.

†d. intransitive. To have a (more or less favourable) opinion of (on). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > estimate [verb (intransitive)]

deemc1384

to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395

counta1400

thinka1400

reputatec1450

reckon1567

weigh1573

repute1579

esteem1583

censure1592

take stock1736

1583 W. Hunnis Seuen Sobs i. 5 We little doo esteeme thereof.

1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xvi. 279 This were a cause sufficient to esteeme of mariage highly.

1590 E. Spenser Let. to Sir W. Raleigh in Faerie Queene sig. Pp^v Seeing..nothing esteemed of, that is not delightfull and pleasing to commune sence.

1639 J. Woodall Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) Pref. sig. B5 He that light thereof esteemes May leave the booke unbought.

1648 E. Calamy in F. Roberts Clavis Bibliorvm Pref. 6 The Author of it is..well known, and very well esteemed on in this famous City.

1670–98 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy I. 19 They esteem very much of Chesnuts roasted.

1699 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ II. Index sig. Ccc/2 Self-murder, how esteem'd of.

II. To estimate generally; to deem, think.

†3.

a. transitive. To estimate; to form or pronounce a (usually approximate) judgement respecting the number, quantity, or magnitude of (anything). Const. at, to (an amount); also simply. See estimate v. 2. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1714) 42 The expensys of which Houshold may sone be estemyd by thes, which of old time have byn Officers theryn.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. xv. 170 A place..so ful of spyrites..that they coude not be nombred ne estemed.

c1500 Melusine (1895) 117 They extimed them þat had lodged there to the nombre of xxx thousand men.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clv. 187 The finance to pay the wages of so many men of warre was estemed to l. M. li. parisiens.

1559–66 Hist. Estate Scot. Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 58 The brethren who came to Lt. Johnstone were esteemed to four or five thousand men.

†b. with the amount as complement, or introduced by to be. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1513 Will of Robert Fabyan in R. Fabyan New Chrons. Eng. & France (1811) Pref. p. viii Suche money as shall remayn..I estyme to be every yere xiid.

a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) iii. 14 A learned man hath esteemed them [sc. the inhabitants of Rome]..to haue beene no lesse, then 3. or 4. millions.

1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 109 The Citizens [Ausburgh] are divided between Papists and Lutherans, these latter being esteemed double the number of the former.

1717 G. Berkeley Jrnls. Trav. Italy in Wks. (1955) VII. 328 Last eruption of Vesuvius to the southeast. The great torrent in the widest part 3 miles broad esteemed.

1722 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth (ed. 3) iv. 334 I esteem the Upper Crust to be not above 50 or 100 Miles deep.

†4. In wider sense: To judge of; to form an opinion of. Also with object sentence. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > hold an opinion [verb (transitive)] > form an opinion

conceivea1393

esteema1533

estimate1651

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1535) viii. f. 12^v For to esteme the thynge that he had done, and to puruey for that he had to do.

1535 E. Harvel in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. ii. 115 II. 71 By al the next monith I stime that his labor shal take end.

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Nv^v All the resydewe of the woomans bodye, beinge couered wyth cloothes, they esteme here scaselye be one handebredeth.

1592 W. West Symbolæogr.: 1st Pt. i. i. §12 It is to be esteemed whether they may be said to be Contracts named or un-named.

1624 W. Bedell Copies Certaine Lett. iv. 79 What anger and shame this was to the Popish faction, I leaue it to you to esteeme.

a. To account, consider, think, hold (a thing to be so and so). With simple complement; less frequently with as or to be; rarely const. †for.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > consider to be, account as

telleOE

talec897

seeOE

letc1000

holdc1200

reckon1340

aima1382

accounta1387

counta1387

judgec1390

takea1400

countc1400

receivec1400

existimatec1430

to look on ——?c1430

makec1440

reputea1449

suppose1474

treatc1485

determinea1513

recount?c1525

esteem1526

believe1533

estimate?1533

ascribe1535

consider1539

regard1547

count1553

to look upon ——1553

take1561

reck1567

eye?1593

censure1597

subscribe1600

perhibit1613

behold1642

resent1642

attributea1657

fancy1662

vogue1675

decount1762

to put down1788

to set down1798

rate1854

have1867

mean1878

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.) 211 The people esteme & take vs as the mynistres of Chryst.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 539/2 I esteme my selfe better than I am.

1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Tullyes Offyces i. sig. A.2 Nor I wolde thou shulde exteme this to be sayde of arrogaunce.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 9 Lawful increse of the pepul, ys among al men..estymyd vertue & honesty.

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 354 This their iangling I esteeme a sport.

1628 T. Hobbes tr. Thucydides Peloponnesian War (1822) 104 Esteeming these virtues to be in me.

1667 S. Pepys Diary 26 May (1974) VIII. 327 To have all that I shall buy or do esteemed as got by the death of my uncle.

1671 H. M. tr. Erasmus Colloquies 453 Wouldest thou not esteem that Alchymist for a god, who were able, etc.

1708 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (1743) ii. i. i. 290 St. Patrick is esteemed to have been made the first bishop of the Scots.

1739 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature I. Introd. 3 To hope we shall arrive at it [sc. truth] without pains..must certainly be esteemed sufficiently vain.

1790 E. Gibbon Misc. Wks. (1814) V. 171 The small islands of the..Pacific..may be esteemed as some of the most agreeable spots on the globe.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. ii. 374 The majority of the Council esteemed the evidence of the charge complete.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 299 The imperialists..esteemed themselves happy to escape without a beating.

†b. intransitive. To account of, have (such or such) an opinion of. Obsolete. Cf. 2c.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > hold an opinion, opine [verb (intransitive)]

thinkOE

letc1200

understand1297

meana1398

esteem1576

intend?1577

opinionate1653

opine1655

1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 268 Know you that I esteeme of him, as of my friend.

a1592 R. Greene Orpharion (1599) 47 Auicen said that loue was a fury, how didst thou esteeme of this but as an axiome.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) ii. iii. 149 We haue alwayes truly seru'd you, and beseech' So to esteeme of vs.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 111 Esteeme of things as they really are.

c. With subordinate clause. To think, be of opinion, suppose that.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > hold an opinion [verb (transitive)]

ween971

holda1300

believec1325

judgec1325

feelc1380

supposea1387

conceivea1425

take1429

opinea1475

thinkc1480

supponea1500

esteem1507

opinion1555

intend?1577

meditate1585

opinionate1599

opiniate1624

arbitrate1637

apprehend1639

state1671

calculate1805

consider1830

fink1888

1507 May & June 201 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. II. 128 I exsteme verely Euery man of them was the more redy.

1548 R. Hutten tr. J. Spangenberg Sum of Diuinitie sig. Eiv We esteme verely that we haue the benifytes of the gospel for hys sake.

1645 J. Ussher Body of Divin. (1647) 138 Their blindnesse..esteemed that the shaddow or thicknesse of trees would hide them from the face of God.

1655 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa III. ii. i. 97 Which blemish, the King esteem'd the Marriage would deface.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. Introd. 4 Esteeming, that the best return..for your favourable opinon..will be, etc.

†6. To purpose, aim, intend. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > intend [verb] > intend to do something

weenOE

willOE

thinkOE

tightc1300

to be (later also to have it) in purpose1340

tend1340

cast138.

reckona1450

aimc1450

willc1450

esteema1533

suspect1629

predeterminea1641

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1539) 4 a This Emperoure estemed to haue the knowlage of payntyng..He trauayled also to knowe the arte of Nygromancye.

1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes f. 229^v/1 The noble and valiaunt hartes do not esteme to lose the rewarde of their laboure.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	esteem
释义	esteemn. /ɪˈstiːm/ Forms: see the verb. Etymology: < esteem v.: compare French estime (perhaps the source), Spanish estima, Portuguese estima, Italian stima. †1. a. Estimate, valuation, in to make an esteem. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun] > so as to fix value taxationc1325 estimation1382 appraising1430 valuing1434 stentc1460 appreciationc1475 prizement1481 sessinga1500 value1523 valuation1529 esteemc1547 estimate1565 appraisement1583 apprizement1605 pricea1616 appraisal1698 apprizing1754 evaluation1755 c1547 Vox Populi xii, in J. Skelton Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 410 Of the substance of your realme..I wyll make an esteame. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) v. iii. 1 We lost a Iewell of her, and our esteeme Was made much poorer by it. View more context for this quotation b. Estimated value, valuation. ΚΠ a1641 J. Webster et al. Cure for Cuckold (1661) ii. i. sig. C3 I will deliver you in ready Coin, the full and dearest esteem of what you crave. a1672 Bp. J. Wilkins Of Princ. Nat. Relig. (1693) ii. vi. 363 Every one who will act rationally..must proportion his esteem of things, according to the real value of them. c. to put, set (an) esteem, a high, low esteem upon: to set a value upon, cause to be esteemed (highly, etc.). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [verb (transitive)] haveeOE weenc1000 praisec1250 setc1374 set by1393 endaunt1399 prizec1400 reverencec1400 tender1439 repute1445 to have (also make, take) regard to or that1457 to take, make, set (no) count of (upon, by)c1475 pricec1480 to make (great, etc.) account (also count, esteem, estimation, reckoning, regard, store) of1483 force1509 to look upon ——c1515 to have (also hold) in estimationc1522 to make reckoning of1525 esteem1530 regard1533 to tell, make, hold, set (great, little, no) store of1540 value1549 to make dainty of (anything)1555 reckon1576 to be struck on1602 agrade1611 respect1613 beteem1627 appreciate1648 to put, set (an) esteem, a high, low esteem upon1665 to think small beer of1816 to think the world of1826 existimate1847 reckon1919 rate1973 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 677 Here may be a Reason why valiant men should set a light esteem thereon. a1680 J. Bargrave Pope Alexander VII (1867) ii. 123 But they put an esteem upon them, and I [was] made pay dear for them. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 21 The World, that never sets Esteem On what Things are, but what they seem. 2. Estimation, opinion, judgement. Somewhat archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun] weenc888 rightnessOE steemc1330 sight1362 witc1374 emprisea1393 reputation?c1400 apprizingc1449 nick?a1450 vail1471 countc1475 opinionc1480 estimationc1522 meting1548 reckoning1548 valuation1548 computation1558 account1583 cess1588 esteem1598 appreciation1605 resentiment1606 repute1610 ratea1616 assessmenta1626 estimate1637 vote1639 supputation1643 compute1646 value1651 resentment1655 contemplation1673 critique1798 appraisement1808 appraisal1817 viewa1854 sizing up1967 chit1989 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost ii. i. 4 Your selfe, helde precious in the worldes esteeme . View more context for this quotation 1640 T. Fuller Joseph's Coat 179 The good esteeme, which Forrainers have conceived of the Piety and Learning of the Geneva Ministers. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 328 Our Foe..affronts us with his foul esteem Of our integritie. View more context for this quotation a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 19 Perfect Righteousness is a full and adequate Esteem of all the value that is in Things. 1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. vi. 224 In the Divine esteem, the law was not more excellent after than before atonement. 3. Favourable opinion; regard; respect. in (much) esteem: in favour. (obsolete or archaic) ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [noun] talec1175 daintya1250 price?a1300 accounta1393 recommendation1433 conceita1438 opiniona1450 tendershipc1460 regard?1533 sense1565 mense1567 sake1590 eye1597 consideration1598 esteem1611 choicea1616 recommends1623 value1637 appreciation1650 mass1942 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 1 [It] deserueth certainly much respect and esteeme. 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis Pref. A Camoyse Saddle-nose is in esteem. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 396 Who can see, Without esteem for virtuous Poverty, Severe Fabritius. 1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. sig. B2^v Both those Poets liv'd in much esteem, with good and holy Men in Orders. 1738–9 W. Richardson in Swift's Lett.* (1768) IV. 219 I am ever, dear Sir, with the highest esteem and respect, etc. 1800 T. Cogan Philos. Treat. Passions i. iii. 151 Esteem is the commencement of affection. 1823 C. Lamb Mrs. Battle's Opinions on Whist in Elia 75 Whist had engaged her maturer esteem. 1841 R. W. Emerson Self-reliance in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 88 They measure their esteem of each other by what each has, and not by what each is. 1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner iii. 59 He was banished for ever from the sight and esteem of Nancy Lammeter. †4. Account, worth; reputation; also, man, etc. of (great, etc.) esteem. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > [noun] nameeOE talec1175 fame?c1225 lose1297 creancec1330 stevenc1374 opinionc1384 credencec1390 recorda1393 renowna1400 reputationc1400 reportc1425 regardc1440 esteema1450 noisea1470 reapport1514 estimation1530 savour1535 existimationa1538 countenancea1568 credit1576 standing1579 stair1590 perfumec1595 estimate1597 pass1601 reportage1612 vibration1666 suffrage1667 rep1677 face1834 odour1835 rap1966 a1450 Knt. de la Tour 179 I hold them of none extyme. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope 144 Of the which wordes the labourer made lytyl extyme. 1604 S. Rowlands Looke to It 42 Earth's delightes shall be of no esteeme. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iii. viii. 8 Fiue hundred Prisoners of esteeme. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. vii. 27 Your Highnesse is betroath'd Vnto another Lady of esteeme . View more context for this quotation 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 106 A dreaming Oracle, long time of diuine Æsteam among them. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. iii. 158 Others..boast of their robberies, to usurp the esteem of valour. 1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces ii. 92 Men..who have passed through most of the Employments of State with the esteem of Prudence and Integrity. 1712 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 311 Whatsoever is of any Esteem with Men. 1763 J. Brown Diss. Poetry & Music iv. §28. 44 The Profession of Bard or Musician would be held..of high Esteem. 1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 90 All these were of precious esteem, being family reliques. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). esteemv. /ɪˈstiːm/ Forms: Middle English–1500s estyme, extyme, Middle English–1600s esteme, 1500s exsteme, 1500s–1600s esteeme, (1500s æsteme, extime, exsteme, exteame, 1600s æsteam, estime, 1700s esteam), Middle English– esteem. Also Middle English aphetic stime. Etymology: < Old French estimer (often spelt extimer ), < Latin aestimāre , of which estimate v. is the direct representative. Compare Provençal estimar, Spanish estimar, Portuguese estimar, Italian stimar. The regular phonetic representative of Latin aestimāre in Old French was esmer aim v. For the phonology in English compare redeem, < Latin redimĕre; the sound /ɪ/ under some undefined circumstances became in late Middle English /eː/ afterwards passing regularly into the modern /iː/. I. To estimate value; to value. †1. transitive. To estimate the value of, assign (a value) to; to value, assess, appraise. Const. at. In later use only figurative, to assign the degree of merit of Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measure [verb (transitive)] > estimate measurement or amount esteem1477 estimate1669 appreciate1818 appraise1864 evaluate1874 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] talec897 ween971 takec1175 weigha1200 deem?c1225 judge?c1225 guessc1330 reta1382 accounta1387 aretc1386 assize1393 consider1398 ponder?a1400 adjudgec1440 reckonc1440 peisec1460 ponderate?a1475 poisea1483 trutinate1528 steem1535 rate?1555 sense1564 compute1604 censure1605 cast1606 cense1606 estimate1651 audit1655 state1671 balance1692 esteem1711 appraise1823 figure1854 tally1860 revalue1894 lowball1973 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 87 Ye ar in valewe moche more thenne I can exteme. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) cxxiii. 440 The bed that Huon lay on..no humayne tonge can esteme the valewe therof. 1551 Bible (Matthew's) Lev. xxvii. 17 Hys land..shalbe worthe accordinge as it is estemed. 1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (1588) iv. v. 496 So of Charters..their value cannot be esteemed. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. iv. 76 What do you esteeme it at? View more context for this quotation 1621 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses & Bk. Psalmes Lev. v. 13 The priest..was to esteeme and value all holy things. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 257. ¶8 No other Being can..esteem us according to our Merits. 1776 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. (1876) vii. 422 It is the duty of the connoisseur to know and esteem..every part of painting. 2. To attach value (subjectively) to. a. In neutral sense, qualified variously by adverbs (highly, lightly, little, well, etc.) or phrases: To hold in (favourable or unfavourable) estimation.In modern use highly, little, are merely intensive or the reverse, the verb having the sense 2b. In the archaic to esteem lightly the original sense remains. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > view in a certain way findOE telllOE to take for ——a1393 receivec1400 notec1440 reputec1475 esteem1532 read1591 estimate1609 relish1617 set1648 resent1649 view1715 contemplate1785 1532 T. More Confut. Barnes in Wks. (1557) 810/2 Suche apostasye..is in oure wretched dayes..little estemed. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 15 Hys vertue schold have byn otherwyse extymyd. a1600 R. Hooker in Wks. (Everyman) II. 88 They..esteem highly profound wisdom. 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xcvi. sig. G On the finger of a throned Queene, The basest Iewell wil be well esteem'd . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 4 Mar. How is the man esteem'd heere in the Citie? Gold. Of very reuerent reputation sir. View more context for this quotation 1772 W. Jones Ess. Poetry Eastern Nations in Poems 194 Yet Sadi's poems are highly esteemed at Constantinople. 1783 W. Cowper Let. 12 May (1981) II. 132 If I can tell you no News, I can tell you at least that I esteem you highly. b. In favourable sense: To regard as valuable; to think highly of; to feel regard for, respect (persons or their qualities; now chiefly with reference to moral characteristics). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [verb (transitive)] haveeOE weenc1000 praisec1250 setc1374 set by1393 endaunt1399 prizec1400 reverencec1400 tender1439 repute1445 to have (also make, take) regard to or that1457 to take, make, set (no) count of (upon, by)c1475 pricec1480 to make (great, etc.) account (also count, esteem, estimation, reckoning, regard, store) of1483 force1509 to look upon ——c1515 to have (also hold) in estimationc1522 to make reckoning of1525 esteem1530 regard1533 to tell, make, hold, set (great, little, no) store of1540 value1549 to make dainty of (anything)1555 reckon1576 to be struck on1602 agrade1611 respect1613 beteem1627 appreciate1648 to put, set (an) esteem, a high, low esteem upon1665 to think small beer of1816 to think the world of1826 existimate1847 reckon1919 rate1973 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 540/1 Wene you that men shall estyme you for your fayre eyes. 1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote IV. ii. 11 Every Man bears with the rich man's Follies..have much and thou shalt be esteem'd much. a1704 T. Brown Ess. Satire Ancients in Wks. (1730) I. 24 All this does not hinder me from esteeming the great men that live now. 1772 W. Jones Ess. (1777) i. 183 Those authors who are generally esteemed in Persia. 1816 J. Austen Emma I. viii. 123 If he had never esteemed my opinion before, he would have thought highly of me then. View more context for this quotation 1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. iii. v. 350 Gold and silver have always been sufficiently rare to be esteemed for their scarcity. †c. To think much of, regard as important. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (transitive)] > regard as important to lay prize, store upona1307 counta1400 regard1509 esteema1568 to put (also place, etc.) on a pedestal1811 to give (full, due) weight to1885 a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) Pref. to Rdr. I..shall not moch æsteme the misliking of any others. 1631 T. May tr. J. Barclay Mirrour of Mindes i. 202 They can also entertaine long friendship, and, where they truely loue, esteeme no dangers in respect of that sacred league. †d. intransitive. To have a (more or less favourable) opinion of (on). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > estimate [verb (intransitive)] deemc1384 to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395 counta1400 thinka1400 reputatec1450 reckon1567 weigh1573 repute1579 esteem1583 censure1592 take stock1736 1583 W. Hunnis Seuen Sobs i. 5 We little doo esteeme thereof. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xvi. 279 This were a cause sufficient to esteeme of mariage highly. 1590 E. Spenser Let. to Sir W. Raleigh in Faerie Queene sig. Pp^v Seeing..nothing esteemed of, that is not delightfull and pleasing to commune sence. 1639 J. Woodall Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) Pref. sig. B5 He that light thereof esteemes May leave the booke unbought. 1648 E. Calamy in F. Roberts Clavis Bibliorvm Pref. 6 The Author of it is..well known, and very well esteemed on in this famous City. 1670–98 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy I. 19 They esteem very much of Chesnuts roasted. 1699 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ II. Index sig. Ccc/2 Self-murder, how esteem'd of. II. To estimate generally; to deem, think. †3. a. transitive. To estimate; to form or pronounce a (usually approximate) judgement respecting the number, quantity, or magnitude of (anything). Const. at, to (an amount); also simply. See estimate v. 2. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1714) 42 The expensys of which Houshold may sone be estemyd by thes, which of old time have byn Officers theryn. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. xv. 170 A place..so ful of spyrites..that they coude not be nombred ne estemed. c1500 Melusine (1895) 117 They extimed them þat had lodged there to the nombre of xxx thousand men. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clv. 187 The finance to pay the wages of so many men of warre was estemed to l. M. li. parisiens. 1559–66 Hist. Estate Scot. Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 58 The brethren who came to Lt. Johnstone were esteemed to four or five thousand men. †b. with the amount as complement, or introduced by to be. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1513 Will of Robert Fabyan in R. Fabyan New Chrons. Eng. & France (1811) Pref. p. viii Suche money as shall remayn..I estyme to be every yere xiid. a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) iii. 14 A learned man hath esteemed them [sc. the inhabitants of Rome]..to haue beene no lesse, then 3. or 4. millions. 1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 109 The Citizens [Ausburgh] are divided between Papists and Lutherans, these latter being esteemed double the number of the former. 1717 G. Berkeley Jrnls. Trav. Italy in Wks. (1955) VII. 328 Last eruption of Vesuvius to the southeast. The great torrent in the widest part 3 miles broad esteemed. 1722 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth (ed. 3) iv. 334 I esteem the Upper Crust to be not above 50 or 100 Miles deep. †4. In wider sense: To judge of; to form an opinion of. Also with object sentence. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > hold an opinion [verb (transitive)] > form an opinion conceivea1393 esteema1533 estimate1651 a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1535) viii. f. 12^v For to esteme the thynge that he had done, and to puruey for that he had to do. 1535 E. Harvel in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. ii. 115 II. 71 By al the next monith I stime that his labor shal take end. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Nv^v All the resydewe of the woomans bodye, beinge couered wyth cloothes, they esteme here scaselye be one handebredeth. 1592 W. West Symbolæogr.: 1st Pt. i. i. §12 It is to be esteemed whether they may be said to be Contracts named or un-named. 1624 W. Bedell Copies Certaine Lett. iv. 79 What anger and shame this was to the Popish faction, I leaue it to you to esteeme. 5. a. To account, consider, think, hold (a thing to be so and so). With simple complement; less frequently with as or to be; rarely const. †for. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > consider to be, account as telleOE talec897 seeOE letc1000 holdc1200 reckon1340 aima1382 accounta1387 counta1387 judgec1390 takea1400 countc1400 receivec1400 existimatec1430 to look on ——?c1430 makec1440 reputea1449 suppose1474 treatc1485 determinea1513 recount?c1525 esteem1526 believe1533 estimate?1533 ascribe1535 consider1539 regard1547 count1553 to look upon ——1553 take1561 reck1567 eye?1593 censure1597 subscribe1600 perhibit1613 behold1642 resent1642 attributea1657 fancy1662 vogue1675 decount1762 to put down1788 to set down1798 rate1854 have1867 mean1878 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.) 211 The people esteme & take vs as the mynistres of Chryst. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 539/2 I esteme my selfe better than I am. 1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Tullyes Offyces i. sig. A.2 Nor I wolde thou shulde exteme this to be sayde of arrogaunce. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 9 Lawful increse of the pepul, ys among al men..estymyd vertue & honesty. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 354 This their iangling I esteeme a sport. View more context for this quotation 1628 T. Hobbes tr. Thucydides Peloponnesian War (1822) 104 Esteeming these virtues to be in me. 1667 S. Pepys Diary 26 May (1974) VIII. 327 To have all that I shall buy or do esteemed as got by the death of my uncle. 1671 H. M. tr. Erasmus Colloquies 453 Wouldest thou not esteem that Alchymist for a god, who were able, etc. 1708 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (1743) ii. i. i. 290 St. Patrick is esteemed to have been made the first bishop of the Scots. 1739 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature I. Introd. 3 To hope we shall arrive at it [sc. truth] without pains..must certainly be esteemed sufficiently vain. 1790 E. Gibbon Misc. Wks. (1814) V. 171 The small islands of the..Pacific..may be esteemed as some of the most agreeable spots on the globe. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. ii. 374 The majority of the Council esteemed the evidence of the charge complete. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 299 The imperialists..esteemed themselves happy to escape without a beating. †b. intransitive. To account of, have (such or such) an opinion of. Obsolete. Cf. 2c. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > hold an opinion, opine [verb (intransitive)] thinkOE letc1200 understand1297 meana1398 esteem1576 intend?1577 opinionate1653 opine1655 1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 268 Know you that I esteeme of him, as of my friend. a1592 R. Greene Orpharion (1599) 47 Auicen said that loue was a fury, how didst thou esteeme of this but as an axiome. a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) ii. iii. 149 We haue alwayes truly seru'd you, and beseech' So to esteeme of vs. View more context for this quotation 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 111 Esteeme of things as they really are. c. With subordinate clause. To think, be of opinion, suppose that. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > hold an opinion [verb (transitive)] ween971 holda1300 believec1325 judgec1325 feelc1380 supposea1387 conceivea1425 take1429 opinea1475 thinkc1480 supponea1500 esteem1507 opinion1555 intend?1577 meditate1585 opinionate1599 opiniate1624 arbitrate1637 apprehend1639 state1671 calculate1805 consider1830 fink1888 1507 May & June 201 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. II. 128 I exsteme verely Euery man of them was the more redy. 1548 R. Hutten tr. J. Spangenberg Sum of Diuinitie sig. Eiv We esteme verely that we haue the benifytes of the gospel for hys sake. 1645 J. Ussher Body of Divin. (1647) 138 Their blindnesse..esteemed that the shaddow or thicknesse of trees would hide them from the face of God. 1655 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa III. ii. i. 97 Which blemish, the King esteem'd the Marriage would deface. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. Introd. 4 Esteeming, that the best return..for your favourable opinon..will be, etc. †6. To purpose, aim, intend. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > intend [verb] > intend to do something weenOE willOE thinkOE tightc1300 to be (later also to have it) in purpose1340 tend1340 cast138. reckona1450 aimc1450 willc1450 esteema1533 suspect1629 predeterminea1641 a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1539) 4 a This Emperoure estemed to haue the knowlage of payntyng..He trauayled also to knowe the arte of Nygromancye. 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes f. 229^v/1 The noble and valiaunt hartes do not esteme to lose the rewarde of their laboure. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1450v.c1460
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