† esten.

Forms: Old English ést, Middle English este ( Orm. esste), Middle English est.

Etymology: Old English ést (feminine) ( < prehistoric *ôsti ), corresponding to Old Frisian êst , enst , Old Saxon, Old High German anst , Old Norse ást , Gothic ansts < Old Germanic *ansti-z ; also late Old English (in sense 3) ést (masculine) (plural éstas ); < root of unne v., to grant. Compare Old High German unst, modern German g-unst, Swedish ynnest, Danish yndest, < un- weak grade of the same root.

Obsolete.

1. Good pleasure, favour, grace (esp. of God). In Old English also: Bounty, munificence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > graciousness

esteOE

heldOE

menska1250

nighsomenessa1400

benisonc1450

graciosity1477

buxomnessc1503

suavity1508

gratitude?a1513

gratuity1523

graciousness1532

handsomeness1577

propitiousness1593

gracefulness1640

well-beteemingness1642

OE Andreas (1932) 1215 Ne moton ofer mine est þinne lichoman, lehtrum scyldige, deaðe gedælan.

OE Beowulf 3075 Hæfde Agendes est ær gesceawod.

a1440 Sir Eglam. 904 Make we mery for Goddys est.

a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 1416 As y yow say, be goddys est!

2. Pleasure, delight, luxury.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > [noun]

lustc888

lustfulnessa900

queemnesseOE

mirtheOE

estec1000

winOE

queemc1175

sweetness?c1225

solace1297

dutea1300

lustinga1300

joyingc1300

jollityc1330

lustiheadc1369

lustinessc1374

sweet1377

voluptyc1380

well-pleasinga1382

pleasancec1385

pleasurea1393

volupta1398

easementc1400

pleasingc1400

complacencec1436

pleasec1475

satisfaction1477

likancea1500

oblectation1508

beauty1523

aggradation1533

pleasurancec1540

joc1560

likement1577

contentment1587

beloving1589

gratification1598

savouriness1599

entertain1601

pleasedness1626

well-apaidness1633

well-pleasedness1633

pleasingness1649

complacency1652

adlubescence1656

enjoyment1665

volupe1669

musica1674

pleasantry1740

barrel of fun (laughs, etc.)1915

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) vii. 25 Þa ðe synt on deorwurþum reafe & on estum [c1160 Hatton esten; L. deliciis].

a1175 Cott. Hom. 241 Mine esten beoð wunian mid mannen bearnen.

a1240 Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 201 Ne wene nomon to stihen wið este to þe steorren.

a1240 Sawles Warde in Cott. Hom. 257 Meaðful in alles cunnes estes.

a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1504 Thu miȝt mid wlate the este bugge.

3. Dainty food; also plural dainties.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [noun] > dainty food

estec1000

estmetec1000

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 152 Dapes, kininga wist, uel estas.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7542 & ȝiff we wolldenn shunenn aȝȝ To fillenn uss wiþþ esstess.

a1200 Moral Ode 359 Ne scal þer ben bred ne win . ne oþer cunnes este.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 99 Þis dai is cleped estre dai þat is estene da, and te este is husel.

a1250 Owl & Nightingale 353 Mid este thu the miȝt over-quatie.

Compounds

In combinations, which did not survive beyond early Middle English:

ˈestdede n. [see deed n.] deed of kindness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > act of kindness

goodOE

loveOE

estdedea1325

bounty1330

benefice1340

benefit1377

while1382

whileness1382

officec1384

excellencec1385

goodshipa1393

kindnessc1400

benevolencec1425

benignityc1534

obligement1611

obligation1618

friendlinessa1633

benevolenta1639

beneficence1654

amability1655

benefactiona1662

knight-service1675

kindliness1883

humanity1985

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2758 Ietro geld it him in estdede.

ˈestful adj. dainty, fastidious, luxurious.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > fastidiousness > [adjective]

chisa700

estfula1000

esquaymous1303

squeamousc1325

overnicec1350

curiousc1380

dangerousc1386

delicatea1393

preciousc1395

nicec1400

skigc1400

over-delicatea1425

daintethc1430

ticklec1456

quaint1483

dauncha1500

pickinga1500

feat?1529

elegant?1533

queasy1545

fine1546

fine-fingered1549

fastidious?1555

fine-mouthed1559

chary1567

weamish1571

saucy1573

dainty1576

superfine1576

niced1577

overcurious1579

nicing1581

fineish1582

prick-me-dainty1583

daint1590

finical1592

tiptoe-nice1593

nice1594

nicking1598

choice1601

squeamish1608

marchpane1609

hypercritical1611

particular1616

finicking1661

overcritical1667

just so1696

penurious1703

fal-lal1747

ogertful1754

nackety1756

quiddling1789

pernickety1808

pershittie1808

taffety1814

hypercritic1820

faddy1824

finicky1825

meticulous1827

daintified1834

squeamy1838

picksome1855

choosey1862

picky1867

hyperaesthetic1879

persnickety1885

précieux1891

perskeet1897

tasty1905

Nice Nelly1922

perfectionist1942

snicketya1960

perfectionistic1968

a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 218 Deliciosa, estful.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 85 Estful is þeos ancre Muchel is þet ha bit.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 23750 Þe fleis es ai to flihtis fus, Þe werd estful and couaitus.

ˈestfullness n. daintiness.

ΚΠ

a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 220 Deuotio, estfulnes.

ˈestlich adj. [see -ly suffix¹] dainty, luxurious.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective] > delicate or dainty

estlichc1200

daintya1382

dainteousc1386

daintiful1393

delicatea1398

daintethc1430

delicativec1475

daintive1526

exquisite1561

daint1590

friand1599

neat1609

nice1709

tid1727

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 179 Þe riche habbeð of here [underlinges] swinche..estliche metes and drinkes.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 152 Þe suȝe of ȝiuernesse haueð gris. þus þet beoð inempned. to earliche þe an hatte to esteliche þe oðer.

ˈestliche adv. [see -ly suffix²] daintily, luxuriously.

ΚΠ

a850 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 84 Delicatæ, estelice.

OE Andreas (1932) 292 We ðe estlice mid us willað ferigan freolice ofer fisces bæð.

ˈestmete n. = 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [noun] > dainty food

estec1000

estmetec1000

c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) ix. 54 Hæc daps, þeos sund oððe estmete.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 829 Nass nan esste mete þær Þatt follȝheþþ gluterrnesse.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 37 Þe est metes and drinkes [he] ut speweð.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† esteadj.

Forms: Also Middle English northern eist.

Etymology: Old English éste (*anstjo- ), < ést: see este n.

Obsolete.

a. Of persons: Gracious, kind, bountiful.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adjective] > gracious

holdc893

winsomec900

goodlyOE

esteOE

menskful?c1225

courteousc1290

besekandlika1300

buxom1362

graciousa1375

queemfulc1390

nighsomea1400

gainlyc1400

favourablec1503

handsome1528

suave?1553

boona1612

benedictive1660

sneerless1884

OE Beowulf 945 Þæt hyre Ealdmetod este wære bearngebyrdo.

OE Genesis 1509 Þæt him ealra wæs ara este.

b. Of things: Agreeable, pleasant, savoury.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > quality of being pleasant or pleasurable > [adjective]

winsomea900

sweetc900

likingeOE

i-quemec950

lieflyOE

winlyOE

hereOE

thankfulc1000

merryOE

queemc1175

beina1200

willea1200

leesomec1200

savouryc1225

estea1250

i-wilc1275

winc1275

welcomea1300

doucea1350

well-pleasingc1350

acceptablea1382

pleasablea1382

pleasanta1382

pleaseda1382

acceptedc1384

amiablec1384

well-likinga1387

queemfulc1390

flattering1393

pleasinga1398

well-queeminga1400

comelyc1400

farrandc1400

greable1401

goodlyc1405

amicable?a1425

placablec1429

amene1433

winful1438

listyc1440

dulcet1445

agreeablec1450

favourousc1485

sweetly?a1500

pleasureful?c1502

dulcea1513

grate1523

prettya1529

plausible1541

jolly1549

dulcoratec1550

toothsome1551

pleasurable1557

tickling1558

suavec1560

amenous1567

odoriferous?1575

perfumed1580

glada1586

tickle1593

pleasurous1595

favoursome1601

dulcean1606

gratifying1611

Hyblaean1614

gratulatea1616

arrident1616

solacefula1618

pleasantable1619

placid1628

contentsome1632

sapid1640

canny1643

gustful1647

peramene1657

pergrateful1657

tastefula1659

complacent1660

placentiousa1661

gratifactorya1665

bland1667

suavious1669

palatable1683

placent1683

complaisant1710

nice1747

tasty1796

sweetsome1799

titbit1820

connate1836

cunning1843

mooi1850

gemütlich1852

sympathique1859

congenial1878

sympathetic1900

sipid1908

onkus1910

sympathisch1911

a1250 Owl & Nightingale 997 That lond nis god, ne hit nis este.

a1300 Prov. Hendyng xiii Este bueth oune brondes.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3610 If þou mai bring me any beist þou graith me ful fair and eist.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	este
释义	† esten. Forms: Old English ést, Middle English este ( Orm. esste), Middle English est. Etymology: Old English ést (feminine) ( < prehistoric ôsti ), corresponding to Old Frisian êst* , enst , Old Saxon, Old High German anst , Old Norse ást , Gothic ansts < Old Germanic ansti-z ; also late Old English (in sense 3) ést* (masculine) (plural éstas ); < root of unne v., to grant. Compare Old High German unst, modern German g-unst, Swedish ynnest, Danish yndest, < un- weak grade of the same root. Obsolete. 1. Good pleasure, favour, grace (esp. of God). In Old English also: Bounty, munificence. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > graciousness esteOE heldOE menska1250 nighsomenessa1400 benisonc1450 graciosity1477 buxomnessc1503 suavity1508 gratitude?a1513 gratuity1523 graciousness1532 handsomeness1577 propitiousness1593 gracefulness1640 well-beteemingness1642 OE Andreas (1932) 1215 Ne moton ofer mine est þinne lichoman, lehtrum scyldige, deaðe gedælan. OE Beowulf 3075 Hæfde Agendes est ær gesceawod. a1440 Sir Eglam. 904 Make we mery for Goddys est. a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 1416 As y yow say, be goddys est! 2. Pleasure, delight, luxury. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > [noun] lustc888 lustfulnessa900 queemnesseOE mirtheOE estec1000 winOE queemc1175 sweetness?c1225 solace1297 dutea1300 lustinga1300 joyingc1300 jollityc1330 lustiheadc1369 lustinessc1374 sweet1377 voluptyc1380 well-pleasinga1382 pleasancec1385 pleasurea1393 volupta1398 easementc1400 pleasingc1400 complacencec1436 pleasec1475 satisfaction1477 likancea1500 oblectation1508 beauty1523 aggradation1533 pleasurancec1540 joc1560 likement1577 contentment1587 beloving1589 gratification1598 savouriness1599 entertain1601 pleasedness1626 well-apaidness1633 well-pleasedness1633 pleasingness1649 complacency1652 adlubescence1656 enjoyment1665 volupe1669 musica1674 pleasantry1740 barrel of fun (laughs, etc.)1915 c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) vii. 25 Þa ðe synt on deorwurþum reafe & on estum [c1160 Hatton esten; L. deliciis]. a1175 Cott. Hom. 241 Mine esten beoð wunian mid mannen bearnen. a1240 Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 201 Ne wene nomon to stihen wið este to þe steorren. a1240 Sawles Warde in Cott. Hom. 257 Meaðful in alles cunnes estes. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1504 Thu miȝt mid wlate the este bugge. 3. Dainty food; also plural dainties. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [noun] > dainty food estec1000 estmetec1000 c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 152 Dapes, kininga wist, uel estas. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7542 & ȝiff we wolldenn shunenn aȝȝ To fillenn uss wiþþ esstess. a1200 Moral Ode 359 Ne scal þer ben bred ne win . ne oþer cunnes este. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 99 Þis dai is cleped estre dai þat is estene da, and te este is husel. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 353 Mid este thu the miȝt over-quatie. Compounds In combinations, which did not survive beyond early Middle English: ˈestdede n. [see deed n.] deed of kindness. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > act of kindness goodOE loveOE estdedea1325 bounty1330 benefice1340 benefit1377 while1382 whileness1382 officec1384 excellencec1385 goodshipa1393 kindnessc1400 benevolencec1425 benignityc1534 obligement1611 obligation1618 friendlinessa1633 benevolenta1639 beneficence1654 amability1655 benefactiona1662 knight-service1675 kindliness1883 humanity1985 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2758 Ietro geld it him in estdede. ˈestful adj. dainty, fastidious, luxurious. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > fastidiousness > [adjective] chisa700 estfula1000 esquaymous1303 squeamousc1325 overnicec1350 curiousc1380 dangerousc1386 delicatea1393 preciousc1395 nicec1400 skigc1400 over-delicatea1425 daintethc1430 ticklec1456 quaint1483 dauncha1500 pickinga1500 feat?1529 elegant?1533 queasy1545 fine1546 fine-fingered1549 fastidious?1555 fine-mouthed1559 chary1567 weamish1571 saucy1573 dainty1576 superfine1576 niced1577 overcurious1579 nicing1581 fineish1582 prick-me-dainty1583 daint1590 finical1592 tiptoe-nice1593 nice1594 nicking1598 choice1601 squeamish1608 marchpane1609 hypercritical1611 particular1616 finicking1661 overcritical1667 just so1696 penurious1703 fal-lal1747 ogertful1754 nackety1756 quiddling1789 pernickety1808 pershittie1808 taffety1814 hypercritic1820 faddy1824 finicky1825 meticulous1827 daintified1834 squeamy1838 picksome1855 choosey1862 picky1867 hyperaesthetic1879 persnickety1885 précieux1891 perskeet1897 tasty1905 Nice Nelly1922 perfectionist1942 snicketya1960 perfectionistic1968 a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 218 Deliciosa, estful. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 85 Estful is þeos ancre Muchel is þet ha bit. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 23750 Þe fleis es ai to flihtis fus, Þe werd estful and couaitus. ˈestfullness n. daintiness. ΚΠ a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 220 Deuotio, estfulnes. ˈestlich adj. [see -ly suffix¹] dainty, luxurious. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective] > delicate or dainty estlichc1200 daintya1382 dainteousc1386 daintiful1393 delicatea1398 daintethc1430 delicativec1475 daintive1526 exquisite1561 daint1590 friand1599 neat1609 nice1709 tid1727 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 179 Þe riche habbeð of here [underlinges] swinche..estliche metes and drinkes. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 152 Þe suȝe of ȝiuernesse haueð gris. þus þet beoð inempned. to earliche þe an hatte to esteliche þe oðer. ˈestliche adv. [see -ly suffix²] daintily, luxuriously. ΚΠ a850 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 84 Delicatæ, estelice. OE Andreas (1932) 292 We ðe estlice mid us willað ferigan freolice ofer fisces bæð. ˈestmete n. = 3. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [noun] > dainty food estec1000 estmetec1000 c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) ix. 54 Hæc daps, þeos sund oððe estmete. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 829 Nass nan esste mete þær Þatt follȝheþþ gluterrnesse. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 37 Þe est metes and drinkes [he] ut speweð. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † esteadj. Forms: Also Middle English northern eist. Etymology: Old English éste (anstjo- ), < ést: see este n. Obsolete. a. Of persons: Gracious, kind, bountiful. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adjective] > gracious holdc893 winsomec900 goodlyOE esteOE menskful?c1225 courteousc1290 besekandlika1300 buxom1362 graciousa1375 queemfulc1390 nighsomea1400 gainlyc1400 favourablec1503 handsome1528 suave?1553 boona1612 benedictive1660 sneerless1884 OE Beowulf* 945 Þæt hyre Ealdmetod este wære bearngebyrdo. OE Genesis 1509 Þæt him ealra wæs ara este. b. Of things: Agreeable, pleasant, savoury. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > quality of being pleasant or pleasurable > [adjective] winsomea900 sweetc900 likingeOE i-quemec950 lieflyOE winlyOE hereOE thankfulc1000 merryOE queemc1175 beina1200 willea1200 leesomec1200 savouryc1225 estea1250 i-wilc1275 winc1275 welcomea1300 doucea1350 well-pleasingc1350 acceptablea1382 pleasablea1382 pleasanta1382 pleaseda1382 acceptedc1384 amiablec1384 well-likinga1387 queemfulc1390 flattering1393 pleasinga1398 well-queeminga1400 comelyc1400 farrandc1400 greable1401 goodlyc1405 amicable?a1425 placablec1429 amene1433 winful1438 listyc1440 dulcet1445 agreeablec1450 favourousc1485 sweetly?a1500 pleasureful?c1502 dulcea1513 grate1523 prettya1529 plausible1541 jolly1549 dulcoratec1550 toothsome1551 pleasurable1557 tickling1558 suavec1560 amenous1567 odoriferous?1575 perfumed1580 glada1586 tickle1593 pleasurous1595 favoursome1601 dulcean1606 gratifying1611 Hyblaean1614 gratulatea1616 arrident1616 solacefula1618 pleasantable1619 placid1628 contentsome1632 sapid1640 canny1643 gustful1647 peramene1657 pergrateful1657 tastefula1659 complacent1660 placentiousa1661 gratifactorya1665 bland1667 suavious1669 palatable1683 placent1683 complaisant1710 nice1747 tasty1796 sweetsome1799 titbit1820 connate1836 cunning1843 mooi1850 gemütlich1852 sympathique1859 congenial1878 sympathetic1900 sipid1908 onkus1910 sympathisch1911 a1250 Owl & Nightingale 997 That lond nis god, ne hit nis este. a1300 Prov. Hendyng xiii Este bueth oune brondes. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3610 If þou mai bring me any beist þou graith me ful fair and eist. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.a850adj.OE
随便看	unchangingly unchangingness unchangingnesses unchannelled unchanted unchaperoned unchaplain unchapleted uncharacter uncharactered uncharacteristic uncharacteristically uncharacterized uncharge unchargeable unchargeant uncharged uncharges uncharging unchariot uncharismatic uncharitable uncharitableness uncharitablenesses uncharitably