establishmentn.
/ᵻˈstablᵻʃm(ə)nt/, /ɛˈstablᵻʃm(ə)nt/, U.S. /əˈstæblɪʃmənt/, /ɛˈstæblɪʃmənt/ I. Action or means of establishing.† 3. † b. Manner in which anything is established; organization, ‘footing’. Obsolete.† 4. A means of establishing; something that strengthens, supports, or corroborates. Obsolete.
1. The action of establishing; the fact of being established: in various senses of the verb.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > [noun] > institution or founding
fasteningeOE
stablishinga1300
groundingc1380
stablingc1380
ordinancec1384
establishingc1400
foundationc1400
fundament1440
stablishment1444
institutionc1460
upsetting1470
erection1508
instituting1534
foundingc1540
erecting1553
constitution1582
establishment1596
plantation1605
instauration1614
institute1641
bottoming1642
ordaining1643
settlement1646
planting1702
incardination1897
1596 J. Norden Progr. Pietie f. 52v An establishment of concord amongst our selues [is] to be sought and hartily prayed for.
1688 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 226 That such Sanction and Establishment may be as Effectual and binding as any Law.
1739 Bp. J. Butler Serm. in Wks. (1874) II. 225 The bare establishment of Christianity in any place..is a very important and valuable effect.
1788 W. Gordon (title) The History of the rise, progress and establishment of the United States of America.
1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. iv. i. 483 The religious establishment which St. Columba founded at Iona,..the true centre of..the establishment of Christianity in Scotland.
1871 Figure Training 38 A most awkward and clumsy figure is in a fair way towards formation and permanency of establishment.
1875 C. D. E. Fortnum Maiolica 37 The establishment of the ducal court at Urbino.
2. esp. The ‘establishing’ by law (a church, religion, form of worship). (See establish v. 7.)† a. In early use, the settling or ordering in a particular manner, the regulating and upholding of the constitution and ordinances of the church recognized by the state.† b. In 17th–18th centuries occasionally the granting of legal status to (other religious bodies than that connected with the state).
ΚΠ
1640–1 Ld. Digby Speech in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1721) I. 172 A Man..that made the Establishment by Law the Measure of his Religion.
1706–7 Act 5 Anne c. 5 Securing Ch. Eng. Acts of Parliament now in Force for the Establishment and Preservation of the Church of England.
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a1732 E. Calamy Life (1830) I. v. 401 The allowance of the law is of necessity a sufficient establishment [of dissenting worship].
1792 Coke & Moore Life J. Wesley (ed. 2) ii. iv. 355 Mr. Wesley's great desire to remain in union with the Church of England..would not allow him to apply for a legal establishment.
c. Now usually, the conferring on a particular religious body the position of a state church.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > kinds of church government > establishmentarianism > [noun] > making
establishment1662
society > faith > church government > kinds of church government > establishmentarianism > [noun] > making > of particular church
establishment1662
1662–3 Addr. of Commons to King 27 Feb. in Cobbett Parl. Hist. (1808) IV. 262 In time, some prevalent sect will..contend for an establishment.
1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. v. lvii. 449 There is no place where there are more forms of religion openly professed, and without the establishment of any of them than Pennsylvania.
1792 E. Burke Let. to H. Langrishe in Wks. VI. 318 The perpetual establishment of the confession of Faith, and the Presbyterian church government.
1813 Mrq. Lansdowne in Ho. Lords 8 Mar. They [Catholic Petitioners of City of Limerick] asked for no establishment of their own Church.
a1832 J. Mackintosh Causes Revol. in Wks. (1846) II. 227 Toleration..was sometimes sought by Dissenters as a step to~wards establishment.
1886 Ld. Selborne Def. Church Eng. i. iv. 77 All such relations of the Church to the State as those which are summed up in the term ‘Establishment’.
a. Established or stable condition; settlement, permanence; also, settled condition of mind, calmness, confidence. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > stability, fixity > [noun]
stablenessa1300
tack1412
steadfastnessc1450
surenessc1450
stability1470
radicationa1500
constance1509
steadiness1530
certitudea1533
firmance1533
staidness1556
establishment1561
settledness1571
settling1582
state1597
groundedness1601
inviscerationa1631
setness1642
unmalleableness1644
fixedness1647
poise1649
inveteracy1716
well-foundedness1735
fixity1791
unmalleability1828
deep-rootedness1860
instatement1877
steady state1885
hard and fastness1897
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 15 For it is merueilous, how great establishment groweth hereof.
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 228 A succession of three good Princes together doth notably contribute to establishment, and felicity of a Kingdome.
1674 J. Owen Disc. Holy Spirit (1693) 69 Our Permanency and Establishment in the Truth.
1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xvi. 603 If God shall be pleased to add Establishment and Perpetuity to the Blessings he then Restored.
1782 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit (ed. 2) I. Introd. p. vi Truth will..gain a firm establishment in the minds of all men.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > established order or system > way in which anything is organized
dispensation1633
establishment1799
set-up1889
rig-up1893
1799 Duke of Wellington in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 106 The improved establishment on which he had placed their garrisons.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun]
strenghinga1400
strengthc1400
affirmance1442
roboration1473
confirmation1520
corroboration1529
fortification1530
strengthening1535
hardening1544
establishment1561
re-enforcement1577
comforting1605
reinforcement1605
consolidation1611
establishing1846
undergirding1868
entrenchment1877
entrenching1950
the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > strengthening > [noun]
establishment1561
corroboration1599
confirmation1646
firmament1650
strengthening1660
tone-up1943
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 17 So many and so notable miracles..are euen as many establishments of the law.
1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 210 Truth is the piller and establishment of the church.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xx. 155 Their hornes..being a weake and hollow body, require some inward establishment, to confirme the length of their advancement.
5.
a. Settlement in life; formerly often (now rarely) in the sense of marriage.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > [noun]
bridelockOE
yokeOE
spousehooda1200
spousea1225
wedlock?c1225
wedlockhoodc1230
marriagec1300
spousal1340
matrimonya1382
espousala1393
muliera1400
spousagea1400
spouseheadc1400
weddedhooda1450
wedhooda1450
wedding1489
espousage1549
the bond(s of wedlock or matrimony1552
nuptial1566
bed-match1582
bob-tail1585
Hymen's banda1593
Hymen1608
married life1609
conjugality1645
marriage state1652
conjugacy1659
marriage life1662
establishment1684
shackledom1771
connubiality1836
connubialism1848
weddedness1891
bedlock1922
the tender trap1954
the world > action or operation > prosperity > [noun] > prosperous conditions > settlement in life
establishment1684
1684 H. Prideaux Lett. 12 Nov. (1875) 138 I..wish with that you had all the other satisfactions you can desire, especially a good establishment in England.
1735 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. IV. 247 You owe..all you possess, to it: birth, nurture, education, and establishment.
1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. xi. 365 To acquire an establishment of such dignity and value for one of his sons.
1800 E. Hervey Mourtray Family I. iii. 259 Her chief solicitude was to procure an affluent establishment for her daughter.
1816 J. Austen Emma II. vi. 113 Whenever he were attached, he would willingly give up much of wealth to be allowed an early establishment . View more context for this quotation
1825 E. Bulwer-Lytton Falkland 16 I saw in the notes of the mothers their anxiety for the establishment of their daughters.
b. Settled income, provision for a livelihood.
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society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > [noun] > personal income or acquired wealth
yearningeOE
livelihooda1325
livingc1330
thrifta1350
fanging1493
thrive1592
stipend1605
censea1637
revenue1653
private income1725
establishment1726
take1937
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. vii. 126 His Excellency, who had the sole disposal of the Emperor's Revenue, might easily provide..by gradually lessening your Establishment.
1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xviii. 484 For each of these princes a suitable establishment was provided.
1776 W. Cowper Wks. (1837) XV. 34 It will afford me some sort of an establishment, at least for a time.
1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds vii. 94 Providing a permanent establishment for the captain as their chief magistrate.
6. establishment of a port [French établissement d'un port] : (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > particular time > [noun] > the time or time of day > at which the tide comes in or goes out
establishment of a port1833
tide-time1840
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [noun] > high > at particular place
establishment of a port1833
M.H.W.1923
1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy xi. 337 That deviation of the time of high and low water at any port or harbour, from the culmination of the luminaries..which is called the ‘establishment’ of that port.
1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. v. 133 The time of high water at any particular place is the same on the days both of New and Full Moon, and is termed the ‘Establishment of the Port’.
1886 H. Godfray Astron. (ed. 4) App. 200 The interval between the instant of the moon's transit across the meridian on the day of new or full moon, and the subsequent high water, is called the vulgar establishment of the port.
II. Something that is established.† 7. † c. The ‘estimates’ for public expenditure. Obsolete.
a. A settled arrangement; a settled constitution or government. Also, a legal enactment. Obsolete.
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society > law > [noun] > a legislative enactment
act1422
enact1467
establishment1481
enaction1631
advice1654
measure1742
enactment1821
1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) 42 Helde a counseyl..of the prelates of ytalye at playsance, where he made..establischemens tamende the maners of the Clergye.
a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 100 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Bringing in of that establishment, by which..all men should be contained in duty.
1605 R. Verstegan Restit. Decayed Intelligence iii. 63 Aduanced to the honorable tytles of Earles and Lords, with establishment for the continual remayning of these tytles.
1656 R. Vines Treat. Lords-supper (1677) 418 Not that I would encourage any man to break a wholsom order or establishment.
1714 tr. French Bk. of Rates 5 That so much talk'd of Establishment, call'd the Tariff of 1664.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §134 Our establishment respecting seamen was as follows.
b. spec. in French History (transl. of French établissement).
ΚΠ
1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. ii. 198 When St. Louis enacted that great code which bears the name of his Establishments.
1873 G. W. Kitchin Hist. France I. iii. viii. 343 The royal ‘Establishments’ or codes of law.
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society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > estimated accounts of public expenditure
establishment1672
the estimates1732
budget1733
1672 Earl of Essex in Essex Papers 31 Aug. Upon the closing of the Establishment for this Kingdome [Ireland], five hundred Pounds a year were reserved with intention that if I should find cause to move the King in behalf of this City of Dublyn, it should be restored to them agen..I desire that I may have an order to insert them [the £500] into the Establishment.
8.
a. The ecclesiastical system established by law; more fully Church Establishment. Hence the Establishment often occurs as a distinctive name for the established church (esp. of England, Scotland, formerly Ireland), in contradistinction to the non-established churches or sects.
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society > faith > church government > kinds of church government > establishmentarianism > [noun] > instance of
parliament-faith1565
parliament religion1565
Established Church1628
state church1644
national church1645
parliament-church1707
establishmenta1732
law-church1826
1667 J. Corbet Disc. Relig. Eng. 28 The Setling of a Nation may be made up of an Establishment, a Limited Toleration, and a Discreet Connivence, etc.]
a1732 E. Calamy Life (1830) I. v. 469 There was a variety of sentiments amongst those out of the Establishment, as well as those under it.
1786 W. Pitt in Ld. Stanhope Life (1879) I. 252 It is certainly a delicate thing to meddle with the Church Establishment in the present situation of Ireland.
1795 J. Aikin Descr. Country round Manch. 241 Chaderton contains a chapel of the establishment.
1806–31 A. Knox Remains (1844) I. 93 These teachers have generally been found..within Establishments.
1824 S. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 51/1 America..has no Establishment.
1829 T. P. Thompson in Westm. Rev. Jan. 23 Half the people in England dislike the church establishment.
1869 Times Ann. Summary 306 The Irish Church Establishment has been abolished.
b. Esp. as the Establishment: a social group exercising power generally, or within a given field or institution, by virtue of its traditional superiority, and by the use esp. of tacit understandings and often a common mode of speech, and having as a general interest the maintenance of the status quo. Also attributive. Hence establishment-ˈminded adj., establishment-ˈmindedness. Cf. anti-establishment adj.Quot. 1955 is the locus classicus for this modern sense though occasional earlier uses are recorded.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > [noun]
optimacy1579
aristocracy1651
great world1699
peerage1725
well-connected1788
governing class1795
patriciate1795
well-connected1831
caste1842
(the) salt of the earth1842
the leisured class(es1848
japonicadom1851
countyocracy1859
masterclass1861
proprietariat1872
four hundred1888
the Establishment1923
gratin1934
power élite1942
U1954
upper1955
topside1958
society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > [noun] > social structure or system > type of structure or system
system1806
white supremacy1824
communitarianism1840
familism1859
the Establishment1955
global village1959
megamachine1967
1923 R. Macaulay Told by Idiot ii. xiv. 117 The moderns of one day become the safe establishments of the next.
1936 H. Pearson Labby x. 260 They spoke the common language, the Esperanto, of the Establishment.
1945 D. Goldring Nineteen Twenties i. viii. 110 It was a head-on collision between two acknowledged leaders of the literary avant-garde and the powerful forces of what Ford Madox Ford used to call the Establishment.
1955 H. Fairlie in Spectator 23 Sept. 380/1 By the ‘Establishment’ I do not mean only the centres of official power—though they are certainly part of it—but rather the whole matrix of official and social relations within which power is exercised.
1957 Ld. Altrincham in National & Eng. Rev. Sept. 108/2 He delivered his well-known attack on ‘the Establishment’, a term generally taken to denote those elements in society and politics which are self~satisfied and opposed to all radical change.
1958 Times Lit. Suppl. 17 Jan. 26/3 Sir Maurice Bowra, in his dexterous résumé of what might be called the Establishment view of the ancient Greek world.
1958 Listener 6 Nov. 716/1 In Russia, Mr. Khrushchev has been trying with some success to shake up an ossified Communist Establishment.
1958 C. P. Snow Conscience of Rich xxxiv. 254 ‘That gang’ meant the people who had the real power, the rulers, the establishment.
1959 Encounter Dec. 57/1 The charge of being Establishment-minded.
1959 C. Hollis in H. Thomas Establishment 181 The power of the Establishment..comes..from the fact that there is in all of us a degree of establishment-mindedness—that we feel it right that the opinions of such persons should have attention paid to them.
1962 Listener 8 Feb. 269/1 Always ready for a dig at the musical establishment.
1969 Mind 78 26 Where scepticism is thorough and pervasive it is usually directed against some entrenched intellectual Establishment.
1969 Oz May 19/1 The Establishment is IBM, Xerox, the Kennedys, the London and New York Times, Harvard University, LSE, the Courts.
9.
a. An organized body of men, maintained at the expense of the sovereign or of the state for a specific purpose; originally said of the military service, but applied also to the naval and civil.
ΚΠ
1689 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 518 What forces shall be sent to the Low Countries..shall be continued in English pay, and on the English establishment.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 266 The support of the civil, military and naval establishments.
1800 H. Dundas in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 558 The establishment does not seem to have exceeded eighty thousand men.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 295 These gallant brigades..had been placed on the English establishment.
1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 12 Sept. 10/2 Lieutenant-Colonel —— formerly H.E.I.C.S., Bengal establishment.
b. The quota of officers and men in a regiment, ship, etc., complement. Also in peace establishment, war establishment; cf. 3b.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun] > of number required
complement1600
compliment1708
establishment1828
1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 69 The usual establishment of officers for ships of the same class.
1853 J. H. Stocqueler Mil. Encycl. 98/1 Peace Establishment is the reduced condition of an army suited to a time of peace. War Establishment is the augmentation of regiments to a certain number..to meet war exigencies.
10. An organized staff of employés or servants, often including, and sometimes limited to, the building in which they are located:
a. A public institution, a school, factory, house of business, etc. establishment hand (colloquial stab hand): among printers, an employé on weekly wages as distinguished from one on piece-work.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [noun]
company1532
society1623
office1647
Co1679
concern1681
business1728
establishment1832
outfit1833
business administration1852
customer relations1920
enterprise1930
label1968
MNC1971
society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > institution
foundation1548
institution1707
institute1829
establishment1832
1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 188 I now perceived..the high road passed close to the establishment [Pestalozzi's schools].
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby iv. 26 We don't consider the boys' appetites at our establishment.
1842 J. Bischoff Comprehensive Hist. Woollen Manuf. II. 33 The British manufacturers..have been compelled to seek markets, and form establishments in..the most distant parts of the globe.
1844 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. India 153 Of these establishments the Bishop's College Press, at Calcutta, unquestionably stands at the head.
1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. iv. i. 483 The religious establishment founded at Iona,..the true centre of..the establishment of Christianity in Scotland.
1873 Act 36 & 37 Victoria c. 76. §6 The..insufficiency of the establishment for working such railway.
b. A household; a family residence. separate establishment: a phrase often used when it is indicated that a married man maintains a paramour.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > [noun] > home
homeOE
homesteadOE
house and homelOE
hearthstone1659
home dwelling1743
establishment1803
hearth and home1822
roof1853
yard1865
down home1920
1803 Mod. Paris Two or three families long connected with mine, have still establishments here.
1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I II. i. 3 Even long after this period, the poverty of the royal establishment was observed.
1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. vii. 174 Her establishment was broken up, and she was sent to reside..in the household of the Princess Elizabeth.
1861 A. Trollope Orley Farm (1862) I. i. 2 His wealth would have entitled him to the enjoyment of a larger establishment.
a1891 Mod. Newspaper Everybody but his wife seems to have known that he had a separate establishment.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2021).
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