ensurev.

Brit.

/ᵻnˈʃʊə/,

/ɛnˈʃʊə/,

/ᵻnˈʃɔː/,

/ɛnˈʃɔː/, U.S.

/ᵻnˈʃʊ(ə)r/,

/ɛnˈʃʊ(ə)r/

Forms: Middle English ensuer, ensewer, Middle English– ensure. See also insure v.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French enseurer.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman enseurer, < en- (see en- prefix¹) + Old French seur (modern French sûr ) sure: the Anglo-Norman verb may be regarded as an alteration of Old French asseurer to assure v.The word frequently occurs in individual manuscripts of Chaucer, but the better attested reading in these passages is apparently assure . The form insure v. is in origin a variant of ensure, and still occasionally appears in all the surviving senses. In general usage, however, it is now limited to the financial sense (with reference to ‘insurance’ of life or property), in which the form ensure is wholly obsolete.

†1. transitive. To make (a person) mentally sure; to convince, render confident. Followed by subordinate clause. Chiefly passive and reflexive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > act of convincing, conviction > bring to belief, convince [verb (transitive)]

persuadec1450

ensurec1500

satisfyc1520

convict1583

forcea1586

move1590

possess1591

secure1602

confirm1607

convince1609

convince1632

induce1655

prepossessa1676

coax1676

c1500 Melusine (1895) 68 They were ensured that they wold & sought but good.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 495 The French enemies..ensured themselues to gaine..whatsoeuer before they had lost.

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 147 That the body do not lock up [souls] there for the sake of its hardfastness or closeness, we are ensured.

†2. To give security to, pledge one's faith to (a person) for the execution of a promise. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > pledge or undertake to give or do > give one's word to

sicker1297

surec1400

ensure1413

aplighta1450

insurea1500

1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1859) iv. xxxviii. 63 I ensure you feythfully, I shall brynge you to a place where ye shalle sene hym.

1557 Malory's Story Noble & Worthy Kynge Arthur (Copland) ii. xiii Here I ensure you by the faithe of my body neuer to departe.

†3. To pledge one's credit to (a person); to tell (a person) confidently that (something is true).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > assurance, confirmation, or guarantee > assure, confirm, or guarantee [verb (transitive)] > a person

sicker1297

ensurec1385

behightc1386

promise1469

insurea1500

warranta1529

resolve1567

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Ariadne. 2115 I swere & yow ensure This sevene yer I have youre servaunt be.

c1450 Why I can't be a Nun 364 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 147 So God me spede, I yow ensewer, Ellys yowre habyte ys no trew token.

1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton C iiij I ensure you that it is trouthe.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. Z.viij I ensure the, the worme in the tymbre..doth not so muche domage.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. xv. 314 She advised him rather to marry, ensuring him that no Lady in the land..would refuse him.

†4.

a. To guarantee (a thing) to a person; to warrant (a fact). Const. to or dative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > guarantee

fast?a1160

pledge?a1439

assure1447

ensure1460

avouch1548

ratify1599

seal1628

underwrite1838

warrant1849

1460 in Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1866) 62 Nay, that I you ensure.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 424/1 Testefyeng and ensuryng that the holy man fiacre was ful of wicked & euyl arte.

1528 Roy Satire I durst ensure the one thynge.

1733 D. Neal Hist. Puritans II. 574 All which he ensured upon his royal word.

†b. To guarantee (an expense). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > insure [verb (transitive)] > guarantee (an expense)

ensure1738

underwrite1890

1738 S. Johnson Let. Apr. (1992) I. 16 And since the Expence will be no more I shall contentedly insure it.

†5.

a. To engage (a person) by a pledge or contract.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement with [verb (transitive)] > engage (a person)

ensurec1400

firm1530

wed1578

engage1603

ink1940

contract1961

c1400 Rowland & O. 160 He es ensurede to myn eme & mee.

1440 J. Shirley Cron. Dethe James Stewarde (1818) 9 Yn the same wise bene ye sworne and ensurid to kepe youre peple.

†b. esp. To engage by a promise of marriage, or (rarely) by marriage itself; to betroth, espouse. Cf. assure v. 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > betrothal > betroth [verb (transitive)]

handfastlOE

spousea1225

spousec1300

truthc1330

sickerc1384

assure1393

ensurea1450

fiancea1450

affya1500

insure1530

affiance1531

promise1548

betroth1566

espouse1581

contract1599

engage1728

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lii. l. 1019 So that Ensured thanne bothe they were, And for the Mariages they Ordeyned there.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxl. (heading) Howe the yonge erle of Flaunders ensured the kynges doughter of Englande.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lxii. sig. Nvi Let vs..sende for my brother the archbysshop to thentent to ensure you togyther.

a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) i. 18 After his mother Mari was ensured to Joseph.

1558 Bp. T. Watson Holsome Doctr. Seuen Sacramentes xxviii. f. clxxiii^v When the two parties..haue sayde these woordes, then bee they ensured and iustly married together.

1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 79 b No other maide should be contracted and ensured to any husband, etc.

6. To secure, make safe (against, from risks).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > make safe or secure [verb (transitive)] > against or from something

secure1596

indemnify1611

indemnize1611

free1613

retain1661

ensure1692

guaranty1732

insure1825

1692 R. L'Estrange Fables ccclxvi. 337 A..Mendicant..contracted with a Country Fellow..to Ensure his Sheep..for that Year.

1776 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. (1876) vii. 424 Sufficient to ensure us from all error and mistake.

1847 L. H. Kerr tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Servia 426 To ensure her friends against any sort of reaction.

1883 Manch. Examiner 26 Nov. 5/3 The Swiss lake steamers are..too toylike to ensure their passengers against reasonably probable risks.

†7. Commerce. To insure v. (a person's life, property, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > insure [verb (transitive)] > a life or secure payment upon death

ensure1747

assure1852

1693 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 602 The price of ensuring the Life of a Man of 20.

1747 Scheme Equip. Men of War 40 'Tis natural for us to ensure our Effects.

8. To make certain the occurrence or arrival of (an event), or the attainment of (a result); = assure v. 5.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > certain prospect or possession > make sure, secure [verb (transitive)]

fand1307

firm1530

to make sure1565

secure1601

warranta1616

assure1622

incertain1628

insure1686

sickera1693

ensure1744

seal1810

guarantee1820

ice1908

1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Seventh 32 All promise, some ensure, a second Scene.

1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France in Wks. (1842) II. 380 Whether the authority..can ensure their execution.

1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. 339 Having taken no precautions to ensure regular supplies.

1879 W. H. White in Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 80/1 By this arrangement it is ensured that there shall be no leak.

9. To make (a thing) sure to or for a person; to secure.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > certain prospect or possession > make sure, secure [verb (transitive)] > secure to someone

sure1418

ascertain1563

warrant1613

ensure1770

1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) I. 518/2 Ensuring them the victory.

1799 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 48 The only rule, which..can ensure for the officers..the conveniences which they have a right to expect.

1847 L. Hunt Jar of Honey (1848) x. 138 It ensures us an intercourse with a nation we esteem.

1861 T. E. May Constit. Hist. Eng. (1863) I. i. 12 A constitutional government ensures to the King a wide authority.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	ensure
释义	† ensureadj. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman ensur, < en- (see en- prefix¹) + sur sure adj., adv., and int.; but perhaps to be taken as phrase en sur in a state of security. Obsolete. rare. Sure, confident. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > [adjective] sickerc1100 bolda1300 surec1330 trist1340 certain1362 traista1400 tresta1400 ensurec1430 suredc1450 absolute1483 firm1483 resolute1501 assured1523 satisfied1533 unperplexed1558 unblanked1570 resolved1577 secure1578 clear1604 constant1611 ungravelled1611 confidenta1616 definitea1616 fearless1634 decretory1651 positive1658 unbrangled1671 cocksure1672 convinced1685 reliant1702 unbewildereda1807 positivistic1893 hensure1929 tooting1932 c1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 18 In þis world is hard auenture: Who-so þerof is moost ensure, Sunnest schal he be schamed and schent. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2021). ensurev. Brit. /ᵻnˈʃʊə/, /ɛnˈʃʊə/, /ᵻnˈʃɔː/, /ɛnˈʃɔː/, U.S. /ᵻnˈʃʊ(ə)r/, /ɛnˈʃʊ(ə)r/ Forms: Middle English ensuer, ensewer, Middle English– ensure. See also insure v. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French enseurer. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman enseurer, < en- (see en- prefix¹) + Old French seur (modern French sûr ) sure: the Anglo-Norman verb may be regarded as an alteration of Old French asseurer to assure v.The word frequently occurs in individual manuscripts of Chaucer, but the better attested reading in these passages is apparently assure . The form insure v. is in origin a variant of ensure, and still occasionally appears in all the surviving senses. In general usage, however, it is now limited to the financial sense (with reference to ‘insurance’ of life or property), in which the form ensure is wholly obsolete. †1. transitive. To make (a person) mentally sure; to convince, render confident. Followed by subordinate clause. Chiefly passive and reflexive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > act of convincing, conviction > bring to belief, convince [verb (transitive)] persuadec1450 ensurec1500 satisfyc1520 convict1583 forcea1586 move1590 possess1591 secure1602 confirm1607 convince1609 convince1632 induce1655 prepossessa1676 coax1676 c1500 Melusine (1895) 68 They were ensured that they wold & sought but good. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 495 The French enemies..ensured themselues to gaine..whatsoeuer before they had lost. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 147 That the body do not lock up [souls] there for the sake of its hardfastness or closeness, we are ensured. †2. To give security to, pledge one's faith to (a person) for the execution of a promise. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > pledge or undertake to give or do > give one's word to sicker1297 surec1400 ensure1413 aplighta1450 insurea1500 1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1859) iv. xxxviii. 63 I ensure you feythfully, I shall brynge you to a place where ye shalle sene hym. 1557 Malory's Story Noble & Worthy Kynge Arthur (Copland) ii. xiii Here I ensure you by the faithe of my body neuer to departe. †3. To pledge one's credit to (a person); to tell (a person) confidently that (something is true). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assurance, confirmation, or guarantee > assure, confirm, or guarantee [verb (transitive)] > a person sicker1297 ensurec1385 behightc1386 promise1469 insurea1500 warranta1529 resolve1567 c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Ariadne. 2115 I swere & yow ensure This sevene yer I have youre servaunt be. c1450 Why I can't be a Nun 364 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 147 So God me spede, I yow ensewer, Ellys yowre habyte ys no trew token. 1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton C iiij I ensure you that it is trouthe. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. Z.viij I ensure the, the worme in the tymbre..doth not so muche domage. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. xv. 314 She advised him rather to marry, ensuring him that no Lady in the land..would refuse him. †4. a. To guarantee (a thing) to a person; to warrant (a fact). Const. to or dative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > guarantee fast?a1160 pledge?a1439 assure1447 ensure1460 avouch1548 ratify1599 seal1628 underwrite1838 warrant1849 1460 in Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1866) 62 Nay, that I you ensure. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 424/1 Testefyeng and ensuryng that the holy man fiacre was ful of wicked & euyl arte. 1528 Roy Satire I durst ensure the one thynge. 1733 D. Neal Hist. Puritans II. 574 All which he ensured upon his royal word. †b. To guarantee (an expense). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > insure [verb (transitive)] > guarantee (an expense) ensure1738 underwrite1890 1738 S. Johnson Let. Apr. (1992) I. 16 And since the Expence will be no more I shall contentedly insure it. †5. a. To engage (a person) by a pledge or contract. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement with [verb (transitive)] > engage (a person) ensurec1400 firm1530 wed1578 engage1603 ink1940 contract1961 c1400 Rowland & O. 160 He es ensurede to myn eme & mee. 1440 J. Shirley Cron. Dethe James Stewarde (1818) 9 Yn the same wise bene ye sworne and ensurid to kepe youre peple. †b. esp. To engage by a promise of marriage, or (rarely) by marriage itself; to betroth, espouse. Cf. assure v. 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > betrothal > betroth [verb (transitive)] handfastlOE spousea1225 spousec1300 truthc1330 sickerc1384 assure1393 ensurea1450 fiancea1450 affya1500 insure1530 affiance1531 promise1548 betroth1566 espouse1581 contract1599 engage1728 a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lii. l. 1019 So that Ensured thanne bothe they were, And for the Mariages they Ordeyned there. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxl. (heading) Howe the yonge erle of Flaunders ensured the kynges doughter of Englande. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lxii. sig. Nvi Let vs..sende for my brother the archbysshop to thentent to ensure you togyther. a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) i. 18 After his mother Mari was ensured to Joseph. 1558 Bp. T. Watson Holsome Doctr. Seuen Sacramentes xxviii. f. clxxiii^v When the two parties..haue sayde these woordes, then bee they ensured and iustly married together. 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 79 b No other maide should be contracted and ensured to any husband, etc. 6. To secure, make safe (against, from risks). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > make safe or secure [verb (transitive)] > against or from something secure1596 indemnify1611 indemnize1611 free1613 retain1661 ensure1692 guaranty1732 insure1825 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables ccclxvi. 337 A..Mendicant..contracted with a Country Fellow..to Ensure his Sheep..for that Year. 1776 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. (1876) vii. 424 Sufficient to ensure us from all error and mistake. 1847 L. H. Kerr tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Servia 426 To ensure her friends against any sort of reaction. 1883 Manch. Examiner 26 Nov. 5/3 The Swiss lake steamers are..too toylike to ensure their passengers against reasonably probable risks. †7. Commerce. To insure v. (a person's life, property, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > insure [verb (transitive)] > a life or secure payment upon death ensure1747 assure1852 1693 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 602 The price of ensuring the Life of a Man of 20. 1747 Scheme Equip. Men of War 40 'Tis natural for us to ensure our Effects. 8. To make certain the occurrence or arrival of (an event), or the attainment of (a result); = assure v. 5. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > certain prospect or possession > make sure, secure [verb (transitive)] fand1307 firm1530 to make sure1565 secure1601 warranta1616 assure1622 incertain1628 insure1686 sickera1693 ensure1744 seal1810 guarantee1820 ice1908 1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Seventh 32 All promise, some ensure, a second Scene. 1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France in Wks. (1842) II. 380 Whether the authority..can ensure their execution. 1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. 339 Having taken no precautions to ensure regular supplies. 1879 W. H. White in Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 80/1 By this arrangement it is ensured that there shall be no leak. 9. To make (a thing) sure to or for a person; to secure. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > certain prospect or possession > make sure, secure [verb (transitive)] > secure to someone sure1418 ascertain1563 warrant1613 ensure1770 1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) I. 518/2 Ensuring them the victory. 1799 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 48 The only rule, which..can ensure for the officers..the conveniences which they have a right to expect. 1847 L. Hunt Jar of Honey (1848) x. 138 It ensures us an intercourse with a nation we esteem. 1861 T. E. May Constit. Hist. Eng. (1863) I. i. 12 A constitutional government ensures to the King a wide authority. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.c1430v.c1385
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† ensureadj.

ensurev.