amyln.²

/ˈæmɪl/

Forms: Formerly -yle.

Etymology: < Latin am(ylum) starch + -yl suffix = Greek ὕλη matter, stuff, substance. So named, because its alcohol was first obtained from the Fusel oil separated in purifying or ‘rectifying’ ordinary spirits distilled from potato or grain starch. The name was not appropriate, as Fusel oil occurs in unrectified spirit of wine from any source (as from the grape or from sugar), and yields propyl, and butyl, as well as amyl alcohol; and it was unfortunate as seeming to connect this radical with the amyloses and amylaceous substances.

Chem.

1. The monatomic alcohol radical of the pentacarbon series C₅H₁₁, also called pentyl or quintyl.(There are eight isomeric modifications of pentyl n., of which amyl proper is the second = isopentyl, CH.2CH₃.C₂H₄.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > alcohols > [noun] > alcohol radicals, by number of carbon atoms > five

amyl1850

pentyl1858

1850 C. G. B. Daubeny Atom. Theory vii. 227 We regard this [fusel oil] as the alcohol of the supposed radical..assigning to it the name of Amyle.

1870 Daily News 16 Sept. Professor Humphry..looked forward to nitrate of amyle becoming a cure for..lockjaw and hydrophobia.

1870 J. Tyndall Heat xv. §745 The light of the sun also effects the decomposition of the nitrite of amyl vapour.

1875 A. Ure Dict. Arts I. 522 Acetate of amyl, commercially known as jargonelle pear essence.

2. attrib. = of amyl, amylic: as in amyl compounds, amyl series, amyl group; also amyl acetate, amyl chloride, amyl oxide, amyl sulphide, etc.; and esp. in amyl alcohol n. also called isopentyl alcohol, and isobutyl carbinol, CH.2CH₃.(C₂H₄)OH, a burning acrid oily liquid of fetid odour, the chief constituent of Fusel oil, produced along with vinic alcohol in the manufacture of brandy. amyl hydride n. another name for pentane. ethyl-amyl-acetate n. the essence of jargonelle pears.

ΚΠ

1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. (1872) I. 203 Amyl alcohol is difficult to set on fire, and burns with a white smoky flame.

1872 H. Watts Dict. Chem. (1872) VI. 107 The amyl-compounds obtained from fusel-oil.

3. As formative in names of compounds containing amyl: as amylacetate, amylacetic, amylaniline, amyl-arsine, amyl-phosphine.

ΚΠ

1850 C. G. B. Daubeny Atom. Theory viii. 240 Amylaniline, a similar compound, into which amyle, as well as aniline, appears to enter, its composition being C₁₂H₅.C₁₀H₁₁.HN.

1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. (1872) I. 205 Sulphide of Amyl and Hydrogen: Amyl-mercaptan.

Draft additions 1997

amyl nitrate n. (a) a colourless liquid, C₅H₁₁NO₃, added to diesel fuel to increase the cetane number; (b) = amyl nitrite n. at Additions below.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [noun] > for blood vessels

amyl nitrate1911

pentaerythritol tetranitrate1923

tolazoline1952

antidiuretic hormone1961

vasodepressor1961

vasopressor1964

thymoxamine1965

1857 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. XI. 65 Nitrate of amyl burns with a faint green-edged flame.]

1911 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Amyl nitrate, a yellowish oily volatile liquid, C₅H₁₁NO₂, used in medicine as a heart stimulant and a vasodilator. The inhalation of its vapor instantly produces flushing of the face.

1927 Jrnl. Inst. Petroleum Technologists 13 Amyl nitrate and nitrite..according to Midgley are pro-knock.

1968 ‘A. Diment’ Bang Bang Birds viii. 142 That Amyl Nitrate, that's dynamite, man.

1979 S. Wilson Glad Hand I. i. 10 Oh, Christ! Who's on amyl nitrate? Or have you all just forgotten to change your socks?

1982 Oil & Gas Jrnl. 31 May 93/3 A number of diesel-ignition improvers..have been commercially available..and include the following compounds: isopropyl nitrate..amyl nitrate.

1989 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 June 1566/2 Amyl nitrate is no longer used as a coronary vasodilator but is often abused for ‘recreational’ purposes by sniffing.

Draft additions 1997

amyl nitrite n. a yellowish, volatile liquid, C₅H₁₁NO₂, rapidly absorbed by the body on inhalation, which acts as a vasodilator and is sometimes used for its stimulatory effects.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > stimulant drug(s) > specific stimulant drugs

amyl nitrite1881

Methedrine1939

Dexedrine1942

benzylpiperazine1947

dexamphetamine1949

dextro-amphetamine1949

methamphetamine1949

Drinamyl1950

benny1955

dexie1956

purple heart1961

crystal1964

French blue1964

meth1966

speed1967

splash1967

purple1968

crank1969

crystal meth1969

crystal methamphetamine1970

dex1984

ice1989

BZP1997

tik2004

1857 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. XI. 64 Nitrite of amyl is decomposed by peroxide of lead with the aid of heat.]

1881 Med. Temp. Jrnl. 72, I have given up the employment of alcohol as a menstruum for amyl nitrite in angina.

1938 R. H. A. Plimmer Org. & Bio-Chem. (ed. 6) vi. 68 Amyl nitrite is a pale yellow oil boiling at 96°.

1978 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 135 1216/2 Sales of amyl nitrite rose sharply due to its nonmedical use as an agent for getting high and as an aphrodisiac.

1990 Amer. Jrnl. Epidemiol. 132 393/2 Neither the number of sexual partners nor the amyl nitrite usage was significant.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1884; most recently modified version published online June 2011).

单词	amyl
释义	† ˈamyln.¹ Etymology: < Latin amyl-um, < Greek ἄμυλ-ον starch, fine meal; prop. neuter of adj. ἄμυλ-ος not ground at the mill, < ἀ priv. + μύλ-ος mill. Obs. Starch; finest flour. Cf. amydon n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > flour > [noun] > fine flour marrow of wheateOE gruel1333 maine flourc1440 tearc1440 manchet floura1450 pollen1523 amyl1577 blancheen1601 smeddum1808 cones1844 Vienna1868 Spanish white1882 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 27^v, Of Wheate is made Amyl. 1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 14 Almonds..taken in with fine amill. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 171 They haue a property to stanch bleeding, mixed with Amylfloure and mints. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 562 Starch-floure called Amylum..called it is in Greek Amylum, because it neuer came into the mill. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1884; most recently modified version published online November 2010). amyln.² /ˈæmɪl/ Forms: Formerly -yle. Etymology: < Latin am(ylum) starch + -yl suffix = Greek ὕλη matter, stuff, substance. So named, because its alcohol was first obtained from the Fusel oil separated in purifying or ‘rectifying’ ordinary spirits distilled from potato or grain starch. The name was not appropriate, as Fusel oil occurs in unrectified spirit of wine from any source (as from the grape or from sugar), and yields propyl, and butyl, as well as amyl alcohol; and it was unfortunate as seeming to connect this radical with the amyloses and amylaceous substances. Chem. 1. The monatomic alcohol radical of the pentacarbon series C₅H₁₁, also called pentyl or quintyl.(There are eight isomeric modifications of pentyl n., of which amyl proper is the second = isopentyl, CH.2CH₃.C₂H₄.) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > alcohols > [noun] > alcohol radicals, by number of carbon atoms > five amyl1850 pentyl1858 1850 C. G. B. Daubeny Atom. Theory vii. 227 We regard this [fusel oil] as the alcohol of the supposed radical..assigning to it the name of Amyle. 1870 Daily News 16 Sept. Professor Humphry..looked forward to nitrate of amyle becoming a cure for..lockjaw and hydrophobia. 1870 J. Tyndall Heat xv. §745 The light of the sun also effects the decomposition of the nitrite of amyl vapour. 1875 A. Ure Dict. Arts I. 522 Acetate of amyl, commercially known as jargonelle pear essence. 2. attrib. = of amyl, amylic: as in amyl compounds, amyl series, amyl group; also amyl acetate, amyl chloride, amyl oxide, amyl sulphide, etc.; and esp. in amyl alcohol n. also called isopentyl alcohol, and isobutyl carbinol, CH.2CH₃.(C₂H₄)OH, a burning acrid oily liquid of fetid odour, the chief constituent of Fusel oil, produced along with vinic alcohol in the manufacture of brandy. amyl hydride n. another name for pentane. ethyl-amyl-acetate n. the essence of jargonelle pears. ΚΠ 1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. (1872) I. 203 Amyl alcohol is difficult to set on fire, and burns with a white smoky flame. 1872 H. Watts Dict. Chem. (1872) VI. 107 The amyl-compounds obtained from fusel-oil. 3. As formative in names of compounds containing amyl: as amylacetate, amylacetic, amylaniline, amyl-arsine, amyl-phosphine. ΚΠ 1850 C. G. B. Daubeny Atom. Theory viii. 240 Amylaniline, a similar compound, into which amyle, as well as aniline, appears to enter, its composition being C₁₂H₅.C₁₀H₁₁.HN. 1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. (1872) I. 205 Sulphide of Amyl and Hydrogen: Amyl-mercaptan. Draft additions 1997 amyl nitrate n. (a) a colourless liquid, C₅H₁₁NO₃, added to diesel fuel to increase the cetane number; (b) = amyl nitrite n. at Additions below. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [noun] > for blood vessels amyl nitrate1911 pentaerythritol tetranitrate1923 tolazoline1952 antidiuretic hormone1961 vasodepressor1961 vasopressor1964 thymoxamine1965 1857 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. XI. 65 Nitrate of amyl burns with a faint green-edged flame.] 1911 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Amyl nitrate, a yellowish oily volatile liquid, C₅H₁₁NO₂, used in medicine as a heart stimulant and a vasodilator. The inhalation of its vapor instantly produces flushing of the face. 1927 Jrnl. Inst. Petroleum Technologists 13 Amyl nitrate and nitrite..according to Midgley are pro-knock. 1968 ‘A. Diment’ Bang Bang Birds viii. 142 That Amyl Nitrate, that's dynamite, man. 1979 S. Wilson Glad Hand I. i. 10 Oh, Christ! Who's on amyl nitrate? Or have you all just forgotten to change your socks? 1982 Oil & Gas Jrnl. 31 May 93/3 A number of diesel-ignition improvers..have been commercially available..and include the following compounds: isopropyl nitrate..amyl nitrate. 1989 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 June 1566/2 Amyl nitrate is no longer used as a coronary vasodilator but is often abused for ‘recreational’ purposes by sniffing. Draft additions 1997 amyl nitrite n. a yellowish, volatile liquid, C₅H₁₁NO₂, rapidly absorbed by the body on inhalation, which acts as a vasodilator and is sometimes used for its stimulatory effects. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > stimulant drug(s) > specific stimulant drugs amyl nitrite1881 Methedrine1939 Dexedrine1942 benzylpiperazine1947 dexamphetamine1949 dextro-amphetamine1949 methamphetamine1949 Drinamyl1950 benny1955 dexie1956 purple heart1961 crystal1964 French blue1964 meth1966 speed1967 splash1967 purple1968 crank1969 crystal meth1969 crystal methamphetamine1970 dex1984 ice1989 BZP1997 tik2004 1857 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. XI. 64 Nitrite of amyl is decomposed by peroxide of lead with the aid of heat.] 1881 Med. Temp. Jrnl. 72, I have given up the employment of alcohol as a menstruum for amyl nitrite in angina. 1938 R. H. A. Plimmer Org. & Bio-Chem. (ed. 6) vi. 68 Amyl nitrite is a pale yellow oil boiling at 96°. 1978 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 135 1216/2 Sales of amyl nitrite rose sharply due to its nonmedical use as an agent for getting high and as an aphrodisiac. 1990 Amer. Jrnl. Epidemiol. 132 393/2 Neither the number of sexual partners nor the amyl nitrite usage was significant. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1884; most recently modified version published online June 2011). < n.¹1577n.²1850
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† ˈamyln.1

amyln.2

Draft additions 1997

Draft additions 1997

† ˈamyln.¹

amyln.²