eran.

/ˈɪərə/

Forms: Also 1600s–1800s æra.

Etymology: < late Latin aera, feminine singular ‘a number expressed in figures’ (see Forcellini, s.v.), probably < aera counters used in calculation, plural of aes brass, money The chronological use of the word appears to have originated in Spain; where (as also in Southern Gaul and North Africa) it is found in inscriptions prefixed to the number of years elapsed since 38 b.c., the selection of which as an initial year has not been satisfactorily explained. (Isidore of Seville in the 6th cent. says that this was the year in which Augustus first ordered the taxation of Spain.) Thus ‘æra (oftener written era) dxxxviii’ (= ‘No. 538’) meant the year 500 a.d. This method of reckoning was in use from the 5th to the 15th century, and Spanish Latin writers employed the word aera as its specific designation. The phrase aera Hispanica, ‘Spanish æra’, suggested to the scholars of the Renaissance the parallel expressions aera Christiana, aera Varroniana, etc., in which the noun had the generalized sense ‘a reckoning of time from a particular epoch’, for which no term had previously existed in Latin.

1. A system of chronological notation, characterized by the numbering of years from some particular point of time; e.g. the Christian era (see Christian era n. at Christian adj. and n. Compounds 3), Common era, or Vulgar era; era of the Hijra (Hegira), the Muslim era, reckoned from the year of Muhammad's flight from Mecca; era of Nabonassar, a Babylonian era, employed in astronomy, commencing 747 b.c., etc., etc. These phrases are also frequently employed in sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > reckoning of time > chronology > [noun] > period with own chronological system or era

eraa1646

a1646 J. Gregory Posthuma (1649) 164 Dionysius the Abbot..was Autor to the world of accounting by this new Æra,..so that the Anni Christi were not in use of Computation till the 532 year after the Nativitie.

1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 504 They would begin their epocha or æra from his comeing to Jerusalem.

1658 tr. J. Ussher Ann. World Ep. to Rdr. That midnight which began the first day of the Christian æra.

1716 H. Prideaux Old & New Test. Connected I. i. 1 The vulgar era, by which we now compute the years from his incarnation.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 658 The computing of time by the Christian æra is introduced by Dionysius the monk.

1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes ii. 82 In the year 570 of our Era..the man Mahomet was born.

1861 F. Hall in Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 1861 (1862) 30 149 A few words on the vexed subject of the Gupta era.

2. The initial point assumed in a system of chronology; also, any date from which succeeding years are numbered; = epoch n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > reckoning of time > chronology > [noun] > period with own chronological system or era > initial point in system of chronology

epoch1614

era1615

1615 W. Bedwell Arabian Trudgman in tr. Mohammedis Imposturæ sig. N4^v Tarich..is the same that Epocha is to the Greeks: or Æra, to the Latines.

1657 G. Wharton Wks. 49 The Greek Church numbereth from the Creation to Christ's Æra, 5508 compleat years.

1705 T. Hearne Ductor Historicus (ed. 2) I. i. i. 7 Æra is the same with Epocha, signifying..a fixed Point among Historians, whence to begin to reckon the Years.

1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man ii. ii. 116 When we come still farther to the Aera of Nabonassar.

1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. I. i. 10 About six hundred and four years before the Christian æra.

1816 S. W. Singer Researches Hist. Playing Cards 13 The 7th century before the present æra.

1853 J. F. W. Herschel Pop. Lect. Sci. (1873) v. §12. 187 Some three centuries before our era.

a. A date, or an event, which forms the commencement of a new period in the history of a nation, an institution, individual, art or science, etc.; a memorable or important date. Cf. epoch n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > particular time > [noun] > memorable or important

era1703

real1871

1703 N. Rowe Fair Penitent ii. i. 488 From this sacred Æra of my Love A better order of succeeding Days Come smiling forward.

1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 (ed. 2) 90 [The earthquake of 1638] was a remarkable æra.

1787 J. Barlow Oration July 4th 6 This single circumstance..will..mark it [sc. the American revolution] as a distinguished æra in the history of mankind.

1851 W. H. Dixon W. Penn viii. 252 A new era had commenced with the landing of the English Governor.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 462 This same year a Witenagemot was held, which marks an æra in the reign of Cnut.

†b. Date of origin; = epoch n. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [noun] > age or period of a thing

birthdaya1500

datea1571

era1646

epoch1655

vintage1929

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. ix. 199 And it will evidently appeare, that custome hath an elder Æra then this Chronologie affordeth.

a. A historical period; a portion of historical time marked by the continuance throughout it of particular influences, social conditions, etc. Cf. epoch n. 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > period > [noun] > of the world or history

eldOE

timeOE

worldOE

oldc1175

timea1382

epoch1629

era1741

lapse1758

age1827

canon1833

olam1870

1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero I. i. 12 This æra of joy.

1758 H. Walpole Catal. Royal Authors (1759) I. Advt. 2 The polished æra of Queen Anne!

1789 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music IV. 21 The beginning of this century (1600), was the æra of musical recitation on the public stage at Florence.

1809 N. Pinkney Trav. South of France 106 Gallantry is..as much in fashion..as in the most corrupt æra of the monarchy.

1858 C. Kingsley Lett. (1878) I. 399 I cannot but hope that a better intellectual era is dawning for the working men.

b. A period in an individual's life, or in the history of any continuous process; = epoch n. 5b. In Geology sometimes with more specific sense: see epoch n. 5c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > period > [noun] > in a life or history of something

yearsc1175

epoch1768

era1796

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 341 In autumn, after harvest, that gladsome era in the husbandman's life.

1812 G. Crabbe Tales xvi. 305 Felt the new æra of her changeful life.

1839 R. I. Murchison Silurian Syst. i. Introd. 11 The æra when the newly-raised surface was first occupied by lakes.

1870 F. R. Wilson Archit. Surv. Churches Lindisfarne 95 It belongs to the worst era of architecture.

c. era of good feeling(s (U.S. History), a period during the presidency of Monroe (1817–24), when there was virtually only one political party. Also transferred.

ΚΠ

1817 Columbian Centinel 12 July (heading) Era of Good Feelings.

1851 H. A. Garland Life J. Randolph II. 278 During the ‘era of good feelings’, and the undisturbed repose of Mr. Monroe's administration, [these ideas] had been widely disseminated.

1904 N.Y. Herald 22 Sept. 4 The nomination was made unanimously, and the era of good feeling continued throughout the naming of the rest of the ticket.

1945 Chicago Daily News 16 Aug. 10/2 We do not wish to disturb the new ‘Era of Good Feeling’ in traction.

1948 Pennsylvania Mag. Hist. Apr. 113 The era of the 1820's—the so-called but ludicrously named ‘Era of Good Feeling’.

1951 G. Dangerfield (title) The Era of Good Feelings.

5. The portion of historical time to which an event is to be assigned; the approximate date, ‘period’, ‘epoch’ of an event, of a monument, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > reckoning of time > chronology > [noun] > assignment to a time or dating > date assigned

epoch1660

era1729

1729 B. Mandeville Fable Bees ii. iii. 132 Many useful Arts and Sciences, of which the Beginnings are of uncertain Æra's.

1774 J. Bryant New Syst. (new ed.) I. 261 The pillar stands..its parts..betray a difference in their æra.

1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto I cxxi. 63 'Twas in November, but I'm not so sure About the day—the era's more obscure.

Compounds

C1. attributive, as era-date.

ΚΠ

1746 W. Thompson Hymn to May xxxv. 20 Ne rueful murder stain thy æra-date.

C2.

era-making adj. = epoch-making adj. at epoch n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adjective] > worthy of notice

specialc1405

eminentc1420

markablec1449

noteworthy1552

regardable1572

respectable1584

of —— observation1587

considerable1589

of (great, little, etc.) mark1590

signal1591

remarkable1593

conspicuous1604

noble1604

observative1608

observable1609

significant1642

noteful1644

signalized1652

tall1655

curious1682

notice-worthy1713

unco1724

noticeable1793

handsome1813

epoch-forming1816

measurable1839

epochal1857

epoch-making1863

era-making1894

epoch-marking1895

high profile1950

landmark1959

1894 J. Millar tr. Weizsäcker Apostolic Age I. ii. iii. 188 The era-making significance of the treaty.

1929 R. A. Cram Catholic Church & Art iv. 53 The great monastic sovereignty..that had grown out of the first and era-making beginnings at the hands of St. Benedict.

1965 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 May 438/3 We recognize easily enough in the history of cultures how era-making an invention writing has been.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	era
释义	eran. /ˈɪərə/ Forms: Also 1600s–1800s æra. Etymology: < late Latin aera, feminine singular ‘a number expressed in figures’ (see Forcellini, s.v.), probably < aera counters used in calculation, plural of aes brass, money The chronological use of the word appears to have originated in Spain; where (as also in Southern Gaul and North Africa) it is found in inscriptions prefixed to the number of years elapsed since 38 b.c., the selection of which as an initial year has not been satisfactorily explained. (Isidore of Seville in the 6th cent. says that this was the year in which Augustus first ordered the taxation of Spain.) Thus ‘æra (oftener written era) dxxxviii’ (= ‘No. 538’) meant the year 500 a.d. This method of reckoning was in use from the 5th to the 15th century, and Spanish Latin writers employed the word aera as its specific designation. The phrase aera Hispanica, ‘Spanish æra’, suggested to the scholars of the Renaissance the parallel expressions aera Christiana, aera Varroniana, etc., in which the noun had the generalized sense ‘a reckoning of time from a particular epoch’, for which no term had previously existed in Latin. 1. A system of chronological notation, characterized by the numbering of years from some particular point of time; e.g. the Christian era (see Christian era n. at Christian adj. and n. Compounds 3), Common era, or Vulgar era; era of the Hijra (Hegira), the Muslim era, reckoned from the year of Muhammad's flight from Mecca; era of Nabonassar, a Babylonian era, employed in astronomy, commencing 747 b.c., etc., etc. These phrases are also frequently employed in sense 2. ΘΚΠ the world > time > reckoning of time > chronology > [noun] > period with own chronological system or era eraa1646 a1646 J. Gregory Posthuma (1649) 164 Dionysius the Abbot..was Autor to the world of accounting by this new Æra,..so that the Anni Christi were not in use of Computation till the 532 year after the Nativitie. 1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 504 They would begin their epocha or æra from his comeing to Jerusalem. 1658 tr. J. Ussher Ann. World Ep. to Rdr. That midnight which began the first day of the Christian æra. 1716 H. Prideaux Old & New Test. Connected I. i. 1 The vulgar era, by which we now compute the years from his incarnation. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 658 The computing of time by the Christian æra is introduced by Dionysius the monk. 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes ii. 82 In the year 570 of our Era..the man Mahomet was born. 1861 F. Hall in Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 1861 (1862) 30 149 A few words on the vexed subject of the Gupta era. 2. The initial point assumed in a system of chronology; also, any date from which succeeding years are numbered; = epoch n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > time > reckoning of time > chronology > [noun] > period with own chronological system or era > initial point in system of chronology epoch1614 era1615 1615 W. Bedwell Arabian Trudgman in tr. Mohammedis Imposturæ sig. N4^v Tarich..is the same that Epocha is to the Greeks: or Æra, to the Latines. 1657 G. Wharton Wks. 49 The Greek Church numbereth from the Creation to Christ's Æra, 5508 compleat years. 1705 T. Hearne Ductor Historicus (ed. 2) I. i. i. 7 Æra is the same with Epocha, signifying..a fixed Point among Historians, whence to begin to reckon the Years. 1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man ii. ii. 116 When we come still farther to the Aera of Nabonassar. 1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. I. i. 10 About six hundred and four years before the Christian æra. 1816 S. W. Singer Researches Hist. Playing Cards 13 The 7th century before the present æra. 1853 J. F. W. Herschel Pop. Lect. Sci. (1873) v. §12. 187 Some three centuries before our era. 3. a. A date, or an event, which forms the commencement of a new period in the history of a nation, an institution, individual, art or science, etc.; a memorable or important date. Cf. epoch n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > time > particular time > [noun] > memorable or important era1703 real1871 1703 N. Rowe Fair Penitent ii. i. 488 From this sacred Æra of my Love A better order of succeeding Days Come smiling forward. 1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 (ed. 2) 90 [The earthquake of 1638] was a remarkable æra. 1787 J. Barlow Oration July 4th 6 This single circumstance..will..mark it [sc. the American revolution] as a distinguished æra in the history of mankind. 1851 W. H. Dixon W. Penn viii. 252 A new era had commenced with the landing of the English Governor. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 462 This same year a Witenagemot was held, which marks an æra in the reign of Cnut. †b. Date of origin; = epoch n. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [noun] > age or period of a thing birthdaya1500 datea1571 era1646 epoch1655 vintage1929 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. ix. 199 And it will evidently appeare, that custome hath an elder Æra then this Chronologie affordeth. 4. a. A historical period; a portion of historical time marked by the continuance throughout it of particular influences, social conditions, etc. Cf. epoch n. 5. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > [noun] > of the world or history eldOE timeOE worldOE oldc1175 timea1382 epoch1629 era1741 lapse1758 age1827 canon1833 olam1870 1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero I. i. 12 This æra of joy. 1758 H. Walpole Catal. Royal Authors (1759) I. Advt. 2 The polished æra of Queen Anne! 1789 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music IV. 21 The beginning of this century (1600), was the æra of musical recitation on the public stage at Florence. 1809 N. Pinkney Trav. South of France 106 Gallantry is..as much in fashion..as in the most corrupt æra of the monarchy. 1858 C. Kingsley Lett. (1878) I. 399 I cannot but hope that a better intellectual era is dawning for the working men. b. A period in an individual's life, or in the history of any continuous process; = epoch n. 5b. In Geology sometimes with more specific sense: see epoch n. 5c. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > [noun] > in a life or history of something yearsc1175 epoch1768 era1796 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 341 In autumn, after harvest, that gladsome era in the husbandman's life. 1812 G. Crabbe Tales xvi. 305 Felt the new æra of her changeful life. 1839 R. I. Murchison Silurian Syst. i. Introd. 11 The æra when the newly-raised surface was first occupied by lakes. 1870 F. R. Wilson Archit. Surv. Churches Lindisfarne 95 It belongs to the worst era of architecture. c. era of good feeling(s (U.S. History), a period during the presidency of Monroe (1817–24), when there was virtually only one political party. Also transferred. ΚΠ 1817 Columbian Centinel 12 July (heading) Era of Good Feelings. 1851 H. A. Garland Life J. Randolph II. 278 During the ‘era of good feelings’, and the undisturbed repose of Mr. Monroe's administration, [these ideas] had been widely disseminated. 1904 N.Y. Herald 22 Sept. 4 The nomination was made unanimously, and the era of good feeling continued throughout the naming of the rest of the ticket. 1945 Chicago Daily News 16 Aug. 10/2 We do not wish to disturb the new ‘Era of Good Feeling’ in traction. 1948 Pennsylvania Mag. Hist. Apr. 113 The era of the 1820's—the so-called but ludicrously named ‘Era of Good Feeling’. 1951 G. Dangerfield (title) The Era of Good Feelings. 5. The portion of historical time to which an event is to be assigned; the approximate date, ‘period’, ‘epoch’ of an event, of a monument, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > time > reckoning of time > chronology > [noun] > assignment to a time or dating > date assigned epoch1660 era1729 1729 B. Mandeville Fable Bees ii. iii. 132 Many useful Arts and Sciences, of which the Beginnings are of uncertain Æra's. 1774 J. Bryant New Syst. (new ed.) I. 261 The pillar stands..its parts..betray a difference in their æra. 1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto I cxxi. 63 'Twas in November, but I'm not so sure About the day—the era's more obscure. Compounds C1. attributive, as era-date. ΚΠ 1746 W. Thompson Hymn to May xxxv. 20 Ne rueful murder stain thy æra-date. C2. era-making adj. = epoch-making adj. at epoch n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adjective] > worthy of notice specialc1405 eminentc1420 markablec1449 noteworthy1552 regardable1572 respectable1584 of —— observation1587 considerable1589 of (great, little, etc.) mark1590 signal1591 remarkable1593 conspicuous1604 noble1604 observative1608 observable1609 significant1642 noteful1644 signalized1652 tall1655 curious1682 notice-worthy1713 unco1724 noticeable1793 handsome1813 epoch-forming1816 measurable1839 epochal1857 epoch-making1863 era-making1894 epoch-marking1895 high profile1950 landmark1959 1894 J. Millar tr. Weizsäcker Apostolic Age I. ii. iii. 188 The era-making significance of the treaty. 1929 R. A. Cram Catholic Church & Art iv. 53 The great monastic sovereignty..that had grown out of the first and era-making beginnings at the hands of St. Benedict. 1965 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 May 438/3 We recognize easily enough in the history of cultures how era-making an invention writing has been. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). > as lemmas ERA ERA n. Baseball = earned run average n. at earned adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > [noun] > earned run average ERA1937 1937 Valley Morning Star (Harlingen, Texas) 11 Feb. 4/1 His ERA was 2.93 in 32 games. 1975 New Yorker 23 June 46/2 At contract-renewal time, earned-run averages below 3.30 are invariably mentioned by pitchers; an E.R.A. close to or above the 4.00 level will always be brought up by management. 2011 Hoosier Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 25 Dec. (Herald-Times ed.) b2/1 As a pitcher, Miller posted a 14-5 record with a 1.65 ERA. extracted from En.¹ ERA ERA n. U.S. Politics Equal Rights Amendment, a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution stating that civil rights may not be denied on the basis of one's sex.The Equal Rights Amendment, which was first proposed in 1923, was passed by the Senate in 1972. However, by 30 June 1982, the final deadline for its ratification, it had failed to be ratified by the required three-quarters majority of states. ΘΚΠ society > law > written law > [noun] > clause > types of clause > specific amendment Bill of Rights1819 ERA1970 1970 Washington Post 13 Nov. b2/1 I don't understand why we can't have ERA (the Equal Rights Amendment), even if it is only a piece of paper. 1973 Americana Ann. 747/2 Acting 32 minutes after the vote, Hawaii became the first state to ratify ERA. 1994 S. J. Douglas Where Girls Are (1995) x. 238 It is no surprise that these shows appeared when they did, when the ERA was ready for extreme unction. extracted from En.¹ < n.1615 as lemmas
随便看	last comer last court last cry last day last ditch last eling last end last evening last factory last frontier last gasp last hand last heir last honours last hurrah last in, first out last judgement last lap last line of defence last man last manufactory last meal last mile last morning last music

eran.

Compounds

> as lemmas