encumberv.

Brit.

/ᵻnˈkʌmbə/,

/ɛnˈkʌmbə/,

/ᵻŋˈkʌmbə/,

/ɛŋˈkʌmbə/, U.S.

/ᵻnˈkəmbər/,

/ɛnˈkəmbər/

Forms: α. Middle English–1600s encomber, encombre, (Middle English encounbre, emcombre), Middle English–1700s encumbre, 1500s– encumber. β. 1500s–1700s incomber, incumbre, 1600s incombre, incumber. See also accumber v.

Etymology: < Old French encombre-r to block up, obstruct, a Common Romance word (Provençal encombrar, Italian ingombrare) < late Latin incombrāre, < in in, upon + combrus barricade, obstacle, probably representing Latin cumulus heap. (In English the figurative uses appear much earlier than the literal.)

1. transitive. To hamper, embarrass (persons, their movements, actions, etc.) with a clog or burden. Also of things: To act as a clog or restraint upon. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > encumber

accumberc1275

encumberc1386

accloy1422

overlay1441

cumber1493

poister1523

pester1533

overgrowa1550

clog1564

cloy1564

aggravate1573

trasha1616

hamper1775

mither1847

lumber1861

α.

c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋613 Of accidie cometh first, that a man is annoyed and encombrid for to do eny goodnes.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xliii. xxiii. 1169 They marched heavily armed and encombered.

1662 T. Blount Boscobel (new ed.) ii. 29 He travers'd..neer three hundred [miles]..encomber'd with a portmanteau.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. lii. 261 The royal camp was encumbered by the luxury of the palace.

1842 J. Bischoff Comprehensive Hist. Woollen Manuf. II. 44 There were various branches of our trade which it had been thought necessary to encumber with high duties.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 408 He could not be persuaded to encumber his feeble frame with a cuirass.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 407 The study of philosophy..may encumber him.

β. a1610 J. Healey tr. Epictetus Manuall (1636) xiii. 17 Lamenesse incombers the legges, but not the resolution.1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. iii. 13 Schoolemasters who are incumbred with this inconuenience.1688 in Coll. Scarce & Valuable Tracts (1748) I. 306 Such Statutes..seem to incumber what Papists think his Majesty's Prerogative.a1719 J. Addison Dialogues Medals in Wks. (1721) I. ii. 457 She draws back her garment..that it may not incumber her in her march.1738 G. Smith Curious Relations II. 314 They sold their Commodities..in order to be less incombert when they should go about to conquer.

†2. To engage, involve, entangle in. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > by entangling or binding

shrenchc897

beswapec980

taglea1340

tanglea1340

gyve1377

encumber138.

engleimc1400

wrapc1412

involvec1440

fetter1526

mesh1532

crawl1548

felter1567

to tie up1570

in trick1572

ensnarl1593

entrammel1598

engage1603

casta1605

imbrier1605

weave1620

immaze1631

trammel1727

enchain1751

entangle1790

enmesh1822

in mesh1875

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > entrap, ensnare [verb (transitive)]

shrenchc897

beswike971

betrapa1000

bewindOE

undernimc1175

undertakec1175

bisayc1200

beguile?c1225

catchc1225

beginc1250

biwilea1275

tele?a1300

enginec1300

lime13..

umwrithea1340

engrin1340

oblige1340

belimec1350

enlacec1374

girnc1375

encumber138.

gnarec1380

enwrap1382

briguea1387

snarl1387

upbroid1387

trap1390

entrikea1393

englue1393

gildera1400

aguilec1400

betraisec1400

embrygec1400

snare1401

lacea1425

maska1425

begluec1430

marl1440

supprise?c1450

to prey ona1500

attrap1524

circumvene1526

entangle1526

tangle1526

entrap1531

mesh1532

embrake1542

crawl1548

illaqueate1548

intricate1548

inveigle1551

circumvent1553

felter1567

besnare1571

in trick1572

ensnare1576

overcatch1577

underfong1579

salt1580

entoil1581

comprehend1584

windlassa1586

folda1592

solicit1592

toil1592

bait1600

beset1600

engage1603

benet1604

imbrier1605

ambush1611

inknot1611

enmesha1616

trammela1616

fool1620

pinion1621

aucupate1630

fang1637

surprise1642

underreacha1652

trepan1656

ensnarl1658

stalk1659

irretiate1660

coil1748

nail1766

net1803

to rope in1840

mousetrap1870

spider1891

138. J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 70 Procuratours of þe fend to encombre [mennus soulis] in synne.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 510 And leet his sheep encombred in the Myre.

a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) i. 128 To deliver him out of that War in which they had incumbred..him.

1718 M. Prior Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 72 Incumber'd in the silken String.

†3.

a. To cause suffering or inconvenience to. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed by [verb (transitive)] > annoy or vex

gremec893

dretchc900

awhenec1000

teenOE

fretc1290

annoyc1300

atrayc1320

encumberc1330

diseasec1340

grindc1350

distemperc1386

offenda1387

arra1400

avexa1400

derea1400

miscomforta1400

angerc1400

engrievec1400

vex1418

molesta1425

entrouble?1435

destroublea1450

poina1450

rubc1450

to wring (a person) on the mailsc1450

disprofit1483

agrea1492

trouble1515

grig1553

mis-set?1553

nip?1553

grate1555

gripe1559

spitec1563

fike?1572

gall1573

corsie1574

corrosive1581

touch1581

disaccommodate1586

macerate1588

perplex1590

thorn1592

exulcerate1593

plague1595

incommode1598

affret1600

brier1601

to gall or tread on (one's) kibes1603

discommodate1606

incommodate1611

to grate on or upon1631

disincommodate1635

shog1636

ulcerate1647

incommodiate1650

to put (a person) out of his (her, etc.) way1653

discommodiate1654

discommode1657

ruffle1659

regrate1661

disoblige1668

torment1718

pesta1729

chagrin1734

pingle1740

bothera1745

potter1747

wherrit1762

to tweak the nose of1784

to play up1803

tout1808

rasp1810

outrage1818

worrit1818

werrit1825

buggerlug1850

taigle1865

get1867

to give a person the pip1881

to get across ——1888

nark1888

eat1893

to twist the tail1895

dudgeon1906

to tweak the tail of1909

sore1929

to put up1930

wouldn't it rip you!1941

sheg1943

to dick around1944

cheese1946

to pee off1946

to honk off1970

to fuck off1973

to tweak (a person's or thing's) tail1977

to tweak (a person's or thing's) nose1983

to wind up1984

to dick about1996

to-teen-

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 254 Ȝit salle Edward be encombred þorgh dame Blanche schene.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde i. xii. 37 In mannes body whan ony maladye or sekenes encombreth hit.

c1530 A. Barclay Egloges iii. sig. N ^v Somtyme these courters, them more to incomber Slepe all in one chamber.

1570 J. Foxe tr. Pope Alexander III Epist. in Actes & Monuments (rev. ed.) I. 271/1 Griefes wherwith your minde is dayly encombred.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. I4 His minde..being no wayes charged or incombred, either with feares, remorses, or scruples.

†b. Of enemies, etc.: To press hardly upon, harass, give trouble to. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict

overharryeOE

aileOE

swencheOE

besetOE

traya1000

teenOE

to work (also do) (a person) woeOE

derve?c1225

grieve1297

harrya1300

noyc1300

travailc1300

to work (also do) annoyc1300

wrath14..

aggrievea1325

annoya1325

tribula1325

to hold wakenc1330

anguish1340

distrainc1374

wrap1380

strain1382

ermec1386

afflicta1393

cumbera1400

assayc1400

distressc1400

temptc1400

encumber1413

labour1437

infortune?a1439

stressa1450

trouble1489

arraya1500

constraina1500

attempt1525

misease1530

exercise1531

to hold or keep waking1533

try1539

to wring to the worse1542

pinch1548

affligec1550

trounce1551

oppress1555

inflict1566

overharl1570

strait1579

to make a martyr of1599

straiten1611

tribulatea1637

to put through the hoop(s)1919

snooter1923

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)]

tawc893

ermec897

swencheOE

besetOE

bestandc1000

teenOE

baitc1175

grieve?c1225

war?c1225

noyc1300

pursuec1300

travailc1300

to work (also do) annoyc1300

tribula1325

worka1325

to hold wakenc1330

chase1340

twistc1374

wrap1380

cumbera1400

harrya1400

vexc1410

encumber1413

inquiet1413

molest?a1425

course1466

persecutec1475

trouble1489

sturt1513

hare1523

hag1525

hale1530

exercise1531

to grate on or upon1532

to hold or keep waking1533

infest1533

scourge1540

molestate1543

pinch1548

trounce1551

to shake upa1556

tire1558

moila1560

pester1566

importune1578

hunt1583

moider1587

bebait1589

commacerate1596

bepester1600

ferret1600

harsell1603

hurry1611

gall1614

betoil1622

weary1633

tribulatea1637

harass1656

dun1659

overharry1665

worry1671

haul1678

to plague the life out of1746

badger1782

hatchel1800

worry1811

bedevil1823

devil1823

victimize1830

frab1848

mither1848

to pester the life out of1848

haik1855

beplague1870

chevy1872

obsede1876

to get on ——1880

to load up with1880

tail-twist1898

hassle1901

heckle1920

snooter1923

hassle1945

to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946

to bust (a person's) chops1953

noodge1960

monster1967

1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1859) i. i. 2 To what purpoos had god formed me for to ben encombred with soo moche meschyef.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum i. xxxi. 104 The fleshe, the worlde, and the Devil..encomberithe a man.

1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. fvj^v/1 Ye shal be here encombred and assaylled.

1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island xi. xlvii. 157 Much were the Knights encumbred with these foes.

†c. To overcome, master; said esp. of temptations, passions, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm > specifically of things

to come over ——OE

accumberc1275

encumber1377

drown1398

overbear1535

to usurp on or upon1594

overact1649

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xix. 223 That ydelnesse encombre hym nouȝt.

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 267 The King..Incombred of his lustes blinde The lawe tornith out of kinde.

c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) ii. v. 46 b The auoutour..Thee encumbred of very force.

4. To burden with duties, obligations, or responsibilities.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)] > impose (a duty) on someone > burden (a person) with duties

encumbera1593

encharge1640

saddle1895

a1593 H. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 355 Martha is sore encumbered with much serving.

1607 S. Hieron Platforme Obed. in Wks. (1620) I. 336 It is a burthen to them to bee so employed; they cannot abide to be so encombred.

1781 E. Burke Speech Marr. Act Repeal Bill X. 137 A man that breeds a family without competent means of maintenance, encumbers other men with his children.

1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xi. 119 Aurelia had objected to be encumbered with a stepson.

5. To burden (a person or an estate) with debts; esp. to charge (an estate) with a mortgage. [Compare Old French encombrer to mortgage.]

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > owe [verb (transitive)] > encumber (land) with debt

to lay in (also to) mortgagea1393

mortgage1469

entangle1601

encumbera1640

bond1883

α.

a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) i. ii. 59 Such lands..As are not encombred.

1729 G. Berkeley in Wks. (1871) IV. 639 If you were..encumbered with debt.

1843 C. J. Lever Jack Hinton (1878) vii. 46 His large estates, loaded with debt and encumbered by mortgage.

1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xiv. 95 If he make a mortgage after having otherwise encumbered the estate.

β. 1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 8 There being so many ways to incumber the Land privately.1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 313 The new occasions and necessities..required means to be devised of charging and incumbering estates.

6. To load or fill (places, things) with what is obstructive or useless; to block up; figurative to complicate, render difficult.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill > to obstruction

cumberc1394

encumberc1400

cloy1548

pester1548

accumberc1571

clog1586

to take up1587

lumber1642

over-clog1660

crowd1741

jama1865

the world > action or operation > difficulty > of difficulty: beset (a person) [verb (transitive)] > make difficult

encumber1555

difficult1608

difficilitate1611

difficultate1611

infacilitate1652

the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [verb (transitive)] > make difficult or complex

perplex1547

encumber1561

intricate1564

impester1601

daedalizea1618

entangle1672

intriguea1677

embarrass1684

complicate1832

c1400 Rom. Rose 3007 Thorough the breres anoon wente I, Wherof encombred was the hay.

1555 R. Eden tr. P. Giovio Libellus de legatione Basilii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 280 All iorneys incumbered with continuall waters.

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 38 Seruetto and other like..haue encombred al things with new deceites.

1778 J. Priestley Free Discuss. Doctr. Materialism 243 I have not..encumbered my doctrine with..difficulties.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 129 Copper Mine River..is encumbered with shoals and falls.

1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf ii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 40 The ground about the pillar was strewed, or rather encumbered, with many large fragments of stone.

1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral 472 Newton's monument..adorns or incumbers the Church of St. Mary-le-Bow.

1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People (1882) vi. §2. 276 The Statutes of Apparel..begin at this time to encumber the Statute-Book.

†7. In past participle: Constipated. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > excretory disorders > [adjective] > constipated

fastOE

costivea1400

hardbound?a1425

embowelled1486

encumber1486

bound1530

constipate1542

constipated1547

styptic1582

costic1595

belly-bound1607

restringenta1661

unmoved1810

confined1822

screwbound1837

impacted1844

1486 Bk. St. Albans C iiij b When yowre hawke is encombred in the bowillis.

†8. ? To fold (the arms). Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. v. 175 With Armes, incombred thus, or this head shake.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	encumber
释义	† encumbern. Forms: Middle English encumbre, encumbir, 1500s encombre, 1600s encomber, encumber. Also 1500s incumber, 1500s–1600s incomber. Etymology: < Old French encombre = Provençal encombre , Italian ingombro < late Latin incumbrum , < incumbrāre : see encumber v. Obsolete. The state of being encumbered; concrete an encumbrance, embarrassment, trouble, annoyance; spec. an encumbrance (on an estate), a mortgage. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > encumberment > that which or one who encumberc1330 cumberc1425 cumbererc1450 encumbrance1535 encumbry1546 pesterance1548 burdener1552 pester1569 cloyance1593 encumberment1600 impedimenta1600 pesterer1611 baggage1612 luggage1614 cumbrance1645 embarrassment1676 downdraughta1681 hamperera1837 cumberment1840 cloyer1842 the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > [noun] > temptation > satanic temptation encumbermentc1330 temptation1340 encumbrancea1500 encumber1546 society > law > legal obligation > bond or recognizance > requiring or giving legal security > [noun] > legal security > mortgage wadset1449 mortgagec1450 thirlage1578 hypothec1592 encumber1612 dead-pledge1658 mortgage bond1853 poultice1932 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 327 With many grete encumbre of in hard stoure. 1546 Bp. S. Gardiner Declar. True Articles 43 Saynt Austen..auoydinge thencombre of these subtyll heretiques. 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes (1582) 422 b Why they should suffer so many incombers, broiles, and troubles as they do. 1612 T. Dekker If it be not Good v. iv. 259 Euen yet Raues hee for Bonds and incombers. ?1614 W. Drummond Song: It was the time in Poems Sleepe..follow'd with a troupe of golden Slombers Thrust from my quyet Braine all Basse encombers. a1618 W. Raleigh Let. to Prince Henry in Remains (1661) 252 The greater [ship] is slow; unmaniable, and ever full of encumber. 1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell v. 58 Too great a number of such Friends, is an encomber and may betray him. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021). encumberv. Brit. /ᵻnˈkʌmbə/, /ɛnˈkʌmbə/, /ᵻŋˈkʌmbə/, /ɛŋˈkʌmbə/, U.S. /ᵻnˈkəmbər/, /ɛnˈkəmbər/ Forms: α. Middle English–1600s encomber, encombre, (Middle English encounbre, emcombre), Middle English–1700s encumbre, 1500s– encumber. β. 1500s–1700s incomber, incumbre, 1600s incombre, incumber. See also accumber v. Etymology: < Old French encombre-r to block up, obstruct, a Common Romance word (Provençal encombrar, Italian ingombrare) < late Latin incombrāre, < in in, upon + combrus barricade, obstacle, probably representing Latin cumulus heap. (In English the figurative uses appear much earlier than the literal.) 1. transitive. To hamper, embarrass (persons, their movements, actions, etc.) with a clog or burden. Also of things: To act as a clog or restraint upon. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > encumber accumberc1275 encumberc1386 accloy1422 overlay1441 cumber1493 poister1523 pester1533 overgrowa1550 clog1564 cloy1564 aggravate1573 trasha1616 hamper1775 mither1847 lumber1861 α. c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋613 Of accidie cometh first, that a man is annoyed and encombrid for to do eny goodnes. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xliii. xxiii. 1169 They marched heavily armed and encombered. 1662 T. Blount Boscobel (new ed.) ii. 29 He travers'd..neer three hundred [miles]..encomber'd with a portmanteau. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. lii. 261 The royal camp was encumbered by the luxury of the palace. 1842 J. Bischoff Comprehensive Hist. Woollen Manuf. II. 44 There were various branches of our trade which it had been thought necessary to encumber with high duties. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 408 He could not be persuaded to encumber his feeble frame with a cuirass. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 407 The study of philosophy..may encumber him. β. a1610 J. Healey tr. Epictetus Manuall (1636) xiii. 17 Lamenesse incombers the legges, but not the resolution.1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. iii. 13 Schoolemasters who are incumbred with this inconuenience.1688 in Coll. Scarce & Valuable Tracts (1748) I. 306 Such Statutes..seem to incumber what Papists think his Majesty's Prerogative.a1719 J. Addison Dialogues Medals in Wks. (1721) I. ii. 457 She draws back her garment..that it may not incumber her in her march.1738 G. Smith Curious Relations II. 314 They sold their Commodities..in order to be less incombert when they should go about to conquer. †2. To engage, involve, entangle in. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > by entangling or binding shrenchc897 beswapec980 taglea1340 tanglea1340 gyve1377 encumber138. engleimc1400 wrapc1412 involvec1440 fetter1526 mesh1532 crawl1548 felter1567 to tie up1570 in trick1572 ensnarl1593 entrammel1598 engage1603 casta1605 imbrier1605 weave1620 immaze1631 trammel1727 enchain1751 entangle1790 enmesh1822 in mesh1875 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > entrap, ensnare [verb (transitive)] shrenchc897 beswike971 betrapa1000 bewindOE undernimc1175 undertakec1175 bisayc1200 beguile?c1225 catchc1225 beginc1250 biwilea1275 tele?a1300 enginec1300 lime13.. umwrithea1340 engrin1340 oblige1340 belimec1350 enlacec1374 girnc1375 encumber138. gnarec1380 enwrap1382 briguea1387 snarl1387 upbroid1387 trap1390 entrikea1393 englue1393 gildera1400 aguilec1400 betraisec1400 embrygec1400 snare1401 lacea1425 maska1425 begluec1430 marl1440 supprise?c1450 to prey ona1500 attrap1524 circumvene1526 entangle1526 tangle1526 entrap1531 mesh1532 embrake1542 crawl1548 illaqueate1548 intricate1548 inveigle1551 circumvent1553 felter1567 besnare1571 in trick1572 ensnare1576 overcatch1577 underfong1579 salt1580 entoil1581 comprehend1584 windlassa1586 folda1592 solicit1592 toil1592 bait1600 beset1600 engage1603 benet1604 imbrier1605 ambush1611 inknot1611 enmesha1616 trammela1616 fool1620 pinion1621 aucupate1630 fang1637 surprise1642 underreacha1652 trepan1656 ensnarl1658 stalk1659 irretiate1660 coil1748 nail1766 net1803 to rope in1840 mousetrap1870 spider1891 138. J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 70 Procuratours of þe fend to encombre [mennus soulis] in synne. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 510 And leet his sheep encombred in the Myre. a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) i. 128 To deliver him out of that War in which they had incumbred..him. 1718 M. Prior Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 72 Incumber'd in the silken String. †3. a. To cause suffering or inconvenience to. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed by [verb (transitive)] > annoy or vex gremec893 dretchc900 awhenec1000 teenOE fretc1290 annoyc1300 atrayc1320 encumberc1330 diseasec1340 grindc1350 distemperc1386 offenda1387 arra1400 avexa1400 derea1400 miscomforta1400 angerc1400 engrievec1400 vex1418 molesta1425 entrouble?1435 destroublea1450 poina1450 rubc1450 to wring (a person) on the mailsc1450 disprofit1483 agrea1492 trouble1515 grig1553 mis-set?1553 nip?1553 grate1555 gripe1559 spitec1563 fike?1572 gall1573 corsie1574 corrosive1581 touch1581 disaccommodate1586 macerate1588 perplex1590 thorn1592 exulcerate1593 plague1595 incommode1598 affret1600 brier1601 to gall or tread on (one's) kibes1603 discommodate1606 incommodate1611 to grate on or upon1631 disincommodate1635 shog1636 ulcerate1647 incommodiate1650 to put (a person) out of his (her, etc.) way1653 discommodiate1654 discommode1657 ruffle1659 regrate1661 disoblige1668 torment1718 pesta1729 chagrin1734 pingle1740 bothera1745 potter1747 wherrit1762 to tweak the nose of1784 to play up1803 tout1808 rasp1810 outrage1818 worrit1818 werrit1825 buggerlug1850 taigle1865 get1867 to give a person the pip1881 to get across ——1888 nark1888 eat1893 to twist the tail1895 dudgeon1906 to tweak the tail of1909 sore1929 to put up1930 wouldn't it rip you!1941 sheg1943 to dick around1944 cheese1946 to pee off1946 to honk off1970 to fuck off1973 to tweak (a person's or thing's) tail1977 to tweak (a person's or thing's) nose1983 to wind up1984 to dick about1996 to-teen- c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 254 Ȝit salle Edward be encombred þorgh dame Blanche schene. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde i. xii. 37 In mannes body whan ony maladye or sekenes encombreth hit. c1530 A. Barclay Egloges iii. sig. N ^v Somtyme these courters, them more to incomber Slepe all in one chamber. 1570 J. Foxe tr. Pope Alexander III Epist. in Actes & Monuments (rev. ed.) I. 271/1 Griefes wherwith your minde is dayly encombred. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. I4 His minde..being no wayes charged or incombred, either with feares, remorses, or scruples. View more context for this quotation †b. Of enemies, etc.: To press hardly upon, harass, give trouble to. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict overharryeOE aileOE swencheOE besetOE traya1000 teenOE to work (also do) (a person) woeOE derve?c1225 grieve1297 harrya1300 noyc1300 travailc1300 to work (also do) annoyc1300 wrath14.. aggrievea1325 annoya1325 tribula1325 to hold wakenc1330 anguish1340 distrainc1374 wrap1380 strain1382 ermec1386 afflicta1393 cumbera1400 assayc1400 distressc1400 temptc1400 encumber1413 labour1437 infortune?a1439 stressa1450 trouble1489 arraya1500 constraina1500 attempt1525 misease1530 exercise1531 to hold or keep waking1533 try1539 to wring to the worse1542 pinch1548 affligec1550 trounce1551 oppress1555 inflict1566 overharl1570 strait1579 to make a martyr of1599 straiten1611 tribulatea1637 to put through the hoop(s)1919 snooter1923 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)] tawc893 ermec897 swencheOE besetOE bestandc1000 teenOE baitc1175 grieve?c1225 war?c1225 noyc1300 pursuec1300 travailc1300 to work (also do) annoyc1300 tribula1325 worka1325 to hold wakenc1330 chase1340 twistc1374 wrap1380 cumbera1400 harrya1400 vexc1410 encumber1413 inquiet1413 molest?a1425 course1466 persecutec1475 trouble1489 sturt1513 hare1523 hag1525 hale1530 exercise1531 to grate on or upon1532 to hold or keep waking1533 infest1533 scourge1540 molestate1543 pinch1548 trounce1551 to shake upa1556 tire1558 moila1560 pester1566 importune1578 hunt1583 moider1587 bebait1589 commacerate1596 bepester1600 ferret1600 harsell1603 hurry1611 gall1614 betoil1622 weary1633 tribulatea1637 harass1656 dun1659 overharry1665 worry1671 haul1678 to plague the life out of1746 badger1782 hatchel1800 worry1811 bedevil1823 devil1823 victimize1830 frab1848 mither1848 to pester the life out of1848 haik1855 beplague1870 chevy1872 obsede1876 to get on ——1880 to load up with1880 tail-twist1898 hassle1901 heckle1920 snooter1923 hassle1945 to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946 to bust (a person's) chops1953 noodge1960 monster1967 1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1859) i. i. 2 To what purpoos had god formed me for to ben encombred with soo moche meschyef. c1440 Gesta Romanorum i. xxxi. 104 The fleshe, the worlde, and the Devil..encomberithe a man. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. fvj^v/1 Ye shal be here encombred and assaylled. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island xi. xlvii. 157 Much were the Knights encumbred with these foes. †c. To overcome, master; said esp. of temptations, passions, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm > specifically of things to come over ——OE accumberc1275 encumber1377 drown1398 overbear1535 to usurp on or upon1594 overact1649 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xix. 223 That ydelnesse encombre hym nouȝt. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 267 The King..Incombred of his lustes blinde The lawe tornith out of kinde. c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) ii. v. 46 b The auoutour..Thee encumbred of very force. 4. To burden with duties, obligations, or responsibilities. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)] > impose (a duty) on someone > burden (a person) with duties encumbera1593 encharge1640 saddle1895 a1593 H. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 355 Martha is sore encumbered with much serving. 1607 S. Hieron Platforme Obed. in Wks. (1620) I. 336 It is a burthen to them to bee so employed; they cannot abide to be so encombred. 1781 E. Burke Speech Marr. Act Repeal Bill X. 137 A man that breeds a family without competent means of maintenance, encumbers other men with his children. 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xi. 119 Aurelia had objected to be encumbered with a stepson. 5. To burden (a person or an estate) with debts; esp. to charge (an estate) with a mortgage. [Compare Old French encombrer to mortgage.] ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > owe [verb (transitive)] > encumber (land) with debt to lay in (also to) mortgagea1393 mortgage1469 entangle1601 encumbera1640 bond1883 α. a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) i. ii. 59 Such lands..As are not encombred. 1729 G. Berkeley in Wks. (1871) IV. 639 If you were..encumbered with debt. 1843 C. J. Lever Jack Hinton (1878) vii. 46 His large estates, loaded with debt and encumbered by mortgage. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xiv. 95 If he make a mortgage after having otherwise encumbered the estate. β. 1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 8 There being so many ways to incumber the Land privately.1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 313 The new occasions and necessities..required means to be devised of charging and incumbering estates. 6. To load or fill (places, things) with what is obstructive or useless; to block up; figurative to complicate, render difficult. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill > to obstruction cumberc1394 encumberc1400 cloy1548 pester1548 accumberc1571 clog1586 to take up1587 lumber1642 over-clog1660 crowd1741 jama1865 the world > action or operation > difficulty > of difficulty: beset (a person) [verb (transitive)] > make difficult encumber1555 difficult1608 difficilitate1611 difficultate1611 infacilitate1652 the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [verb (transitive)] > make difficult or complex perplex1547 encumber1561 intricate1564 impester1601 daedalizea1618 entangle1672 intriguea1677 embarrass1684 complicate1832 c1400 Rom. Rose 3007 Thorough the breres anoon wente I, Wherof encombred was the hay. 1555 R. Eden tr. P. Giovio Libellus de legatione Basilii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 280 All iorneys incumbered with continuall waters. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 38 Seruetto and other like..haue encombred al things with new deceites. 1778 J. Priestley Free Discuss. Doctr. Materialism 243 I have not..encumbered my doctrine with..difficulties. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 129 Copper Mine River..is encumbered with shoals and falls. 1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf ii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 40 The ground about the pillar was strewed, or rather encumbered, with many large fragments of stone. 1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral 472 Newton's monument..adorns or incumbers the Church of St. Mary-le-Bow. 1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People (1882) vi. §2. 276 The Statutes of Apparel..begin at this time to encumber the Statute-Book. †7. In past participle: Constipated. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > excretory disorders > [adjective] > constipated fastOE costivea1400 hardbound?a1425 embowelled1486 encumber1486 bound1530 constipate1542 constipated1547 styptic1582 costic1595 belly-bound1607 restringenta1661 unmoved1810 confined1822 screwbound1837 impacted1844 1486 Bk. St. Albans C iiij b When yowre hawke is encombred in the bowillis. †8. ? To fold (the arms). Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. v. 175 With Armes, incombred thus, or this head shake. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1330v.c1330
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† encumbern.

encumberv.