emirn.

Brit.

/ɛˈmɪə/,

/ᵻˈmɪə/,

/eɪˈmɪə/, U.S.

/əˈmɪ(ə)r/,

/eɪˈmɪ(ə)r/

Forms:

α. 1500s emyr, 1500s– emir, 1600s emeere, 1600s emer, 1600s– emeer.

β. 1600s amera, 1600s ameras, 1600s– amir, 1700s– ameer, 1800s umeer.

Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Arabic. Perhaps also partly a borrowing from Turkish. Etymons: French emir; Arabic amīr; Ottoman Turkish emīr.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French emir, emyr (French émir ) ruler, governor, commander (13th cent. in Old French), title of a person claiming descent from the Prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima (1568 in the passage translated in quot. 1585 at sense 2; in this sense via Ottoman Turkish emīr (Turkish emir )), and its etymon (ii) Arabic amīr (in colloquial pronunciation also emīr) ruler, commander, prince, tribal chief, also title of princes of a ruling dynasty < amara to order, to command. In later use in sense 1 (in β. forms) partly via Urdu amīr or its etymon Persian amīr. In some later instances in sense 2 perhaps directly < Ottoman Turkish emīr. Compare earlier admiral n. and the post-classical Latin and Byzantine Greek forms cited at that entry, and also post-classical Latin amiraeus (9th cent.), emireus , emireius (12th cent.), emyr (13th cent. as an Arabic word in a Latin context in a British source). Compare also miramamolin n.The Arabic word was also borrowed into other European languages, in some cases via French. Compare Spanish emir (1604; c1300 as †mir, 1317 as †amir), Portuguese emir (1513), Italian emiro (14th cent.; 1264 as †elmire; compare post-classical Latin elmire, lumeru, both 1173 in an Italian source from Sicily); also Dutch emir (1619), German Emir (1681), Swedish emir (1658).

1. (The title of) a ruler, governor, or military commander in any of various Islamic countries.Between the 18th and early 20th centuries the form amir was chiefly applied to rulers in present-day India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Since the mid-20th cent., the term (in both amir and emir forms) has primarily been applied to rulers in the Middle East and West Africa.Quot. 1577 at β. shows the transliterated Arabic word with an accompanying English gloss.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] > Saracen or Arab ruler

admiralc1275

soldanc1380

emir1542

sultan1555

shereef1603

Mir1625

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of specific forces

praetor?a1439

aga1542

emir1542

imperator1590

crownerc1600

ban1614

sardar1615

duke1652

dey1656

hetman1710

stratopedarch1788

commandant1791

tuchun1917

war-lord1922

myriarch1949

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [noun] > royal person(s) > prince > Saracen or Arab prince

emir1542

α.

1542 tr. A. Geuffroy Order Greate Turckes Courte sig. hviii The sayde Souldyan is made and chosen by the forsayde Mammeluchs amonge theimselfes..and mooste commonly is one of the Emyrs [Fr. Emyrs] or hed admiralles.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. 373 Having an Emeere of their owne, being subiect to none, but to his owne passions.

1686 London Gaz. No. 2177/1 An Emir or Prince of the Arabs..has taken the Field with some Troops.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. lxiv. 616 The humble title of emir was no longer suitable to the Ottoman greatness.

1848 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 87 The Emeers and Wezeers.

1854 C. M. Yonge Cameos xxvii, in Monthly Packet Mar. 174 Saladin..sent an emir to the camp with presents.

1954 Jet 21 Jan. 13 Died: Emir of Kano, 78, wealthy ruler of 3,000,000 subjects in Northern Nigeria.

2001 Evening Post (Wellington) (Nexis) 19 July (Business) 17 The Emir of Qatar likes to travel in style.

β. 1577 R. Eden tr. Vertomannus Nauigation & Voy. in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Hist. Trauayle W. & E. Indies f. 377 Secha (by interpretation) signifieth holy, and Amir, a Prince [It. Secha uiena dir sancto, Amir signore].] 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 49 In the Mahumedan state, they haue the name of Ameras, Amir, or Amera (applied to their great Sultan) which truly..may expresse Dominus or Lord.1679 R. Jenison Narr. Popish Plot 40 The Moorish Amir told the Embassadors, [etc.].?1710 tr. P. Teixeira Trav. from India to Italy x. 63 This Town and Sucana are also subject to the Amir, who is Lord of Ana.1847 Calcutta Rev. June 54 We know how the Amír of this place is wont to treat his Christian prisoners.1870 Sel. Rec. Governm. Punjab & Dependencies New Ser. 7 195 His real desire is that..Cabul should continue, as heretofore, under the sway and government of the Amir Dost Muhammed Khan.1906 Dial 16 Oct. 240/1 The instability of the weak-willed ruler of Afghanistan, Amir Habib Ullah.2005 R. E. Lucas Instit. & Politics Survival in Jordan iv. 66 In 1996, Fahd al-Rimawi..was accused of insulting the Amir of Bahrain and tried.

†2. Esp. in Turkey: (a name or honorific title for) a person claiming descent from the prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima. Cf. shereef n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > [noun] > member of > descendant of Muhammad

emir1585

sayyid1625

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. xx. f. 109 (caption) Emir a kinseman of Mahomet [Fr. Icy après est le pourtraict de l'Emir, parent de Mahomet].

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes ii. 1295 Mahomet's..kinsmen in greene Shashes, who are called Emers.

1660 A. Moore Compend. Hist. Turks 232 Amurath..prostrated himself at an Emir's feet (one of Mahomet's posterity) to receive a blessing.

1776 A. Russel in S. Johnson Mod. Traveller II. iii. 140 The Emirs, or relations of Mahomet,..have the privilege to be tried by an Effendi of their own.

1813 Ld. Byron Giaour 4 The foremost of the band is seen An Emir by his garb of green.

1840 S. G. Goodrich Pict. Geogr. World xc. 707 There is no hereditary nobility [among the Turks] except the Emirs or the descendants of Mahomet, through his daughter Fatima.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	emir
释义	emirn. Brit. /ɛˈmɪə/, /ᵻˈmɪə/, /eɪˈmɪə/, U.S. /əˈmɪ(ə)r/, /eɪˈmɪ(ə)r/ Forms: α. 1500s emyr, 1500s– emir, 1600s emeere, 1600s emer, 1600s– emeer. β. 1600s amera, 1600s ameras, 1600s– amir, 1700s– ameer, 1800s umeer. Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Arabic. Perhaps also partly a borrowing from Turkish. Etymons: French emir; Arabic amīr; Ottoman Turkish emīr. Etymology: < (i) Middle French emir, emyr (French émir ) ruler, governor, commander (13th cent. in Old French), title of a person claiming descent from the Prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima (1568 in the passage translated in quot. 1585 at sense 2; in this sense via Ottoman Turkish emīr (Turkish emir )), and its etymon (ii) Arabic amīr (in colloquial pronunciation also emīr) ruler, commander, prince, tribal chief, also title of princes of a ruling dynasty < amara to order, to command. In later use in sense 1 (in β. forms) partly via Urdu amīr or its etymon Persian amīr. In some later instances in sense 2 perhaps directly < Ottoman Turkish emīr. Compare earlier admiral n. and the post-classical Latin and Byzantine Greek forms cited at that entry, and also post-classical Latin amiraeus (9th cent.), emireus , emireius (12th cent.), emyr (13th cent. as an Arabic word in a Latin context in a British source). Compare also miramamolin n.The Arabic word was also borrowed into other European languages, in some cases via French. Compare Spanish emir (1604; c1300 as †mir, 1317 as †amir), Portuguese emir (1513), Italian emiro (14th cent.; 1264 as †elmire; compare post-classical Latin elmire, lumeru, both 1173 in an Italian source from Sicily); also Dutch emir (1619), German Emir (1681), Swedish emir (1658). 1. (The title of) a ruler, governor, or military commander in any of various Islamic countries.Between the 18th and early 20th centuries the form amir was chiefly applied to rulers in present-day India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Since the mid-20th cent., the term (in both amir and emir forms) has primarily been applied to rulers in the Middle East and West Africa.Quot. 1577 at β. shows the transliterated Arabic word with an accompanying English gloss. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] > Saracen or Arab ruler admiralc1275 soldanc1380 emir1542 sultan1555 shereef1603 Mir1625 society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of specific forces praetor?a1439 aga1542 emir1542 imperator1590 crownerc1600 ban1614 sardar1615 duke1652 dey1656 hetman1710 stratopedarch1788 commandant1791 tuchun1917 war-lord1922 myriarch1949 society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [noun] > royal person(s) > prince > Saracen or Arab prince emir1542 α. 1542 tr. A. Geuffroy Order Greate Turckes Courte sig. hviii The sayde Souldyan is made and chosen by the forsayde Mammeluchs amonge theimselfes..and mooste commonly is one of the Emyrs [Fr. Emyrs] or hed admiralles. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. 373 Having an Emeere of their owne, being subiect to none, but to his owne passions. 1686 London Gaz. No. 2177/1 An Emir or Prince of the Arabs..has taken the Field with some Troops. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. lxiv. 616 The humble title of emir was no longer suitable to the Ottoman greatness. 1848 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 87 The Emeers and Wezeers. 1854 C. M. Yonge Cameos xxvii, in Monthly Packet Mar. 174 Saladin..sent an emir to the camp with presents. 1954 Jet 21 Jan. 13 Died: Emir of Kano, 78, wealthy ruler of 3,000,000 subjects in Northern Nigeria. 2001 Evening Post (Wellington) (Nexis) 19 July (Business) 17 The Emir of Qatar likes to travel in style. β. 1577 R. Eden tr. Vertomannus Nauigation & Voy. in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Hist. Trauayle W. & E. Indies f. 377 Secha (by interpretation) signifieth holy, and Amir, a Prince [It. Secha uiena dir sancto, Amir signore].] 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 49 In the Mahumedan state, they haue the name of Ameras, Amir, or Amera (applied to their great Sultan) which truly..may expresse Dominus or Lord.1679 R. Jenison Narr. Popish Plot 40 The Moorish Amir told the Embassadors, [etc.].?1710 tr. P. Teixeira Trav. from India to Italy x. 63 This Town and Sucana are also subject to the Amir, who is Lord of Ana.1847 Calcutta Rev. June 54 We know how the Amír of this place is wont to treat his Christian prisoners.1870 Sel. Rec. Governm. Punjab & Dependencies New Ser. 7 195 His real desire is that..Cabul should continue, as heretofore, under the sway and government of the Amir Dost Muhammed Khan.1906 Dial 16 Oct. 240/1 The instability of the weak-willed ruler of Afghanistan, Amir Habib Ullah.2005 R. E. Lucas Instit. & Politics Survival in Jordan iv. 66 In 1996, Fahd al-Rimawi..was accused of insulting the Amir of Bahrain and tried. †2. Esp. in Turkey: (a name or honorific title for) a person claiming descent from the prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima. Cf. shereef n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > [noun] > member of > descendant of Muhammad emir1585 sayyid1625 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. xx. f. 109 (caption) Emir a kinseman of Mahomet [Fr. Icy après est le pourtraict de l'Emir, parent de Mahomet]. 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes ii. 1295 Mahomet's..kinsmen in greene Shashes, who are called Emers. 1660 A. Moore Compend. Hist. Turks 232 Amurath..prostrated himself at an Emir's feet (one of Mahomet's posterity) to receive a blessing. 1776 A. Russel in S. Johnson Mod. Traveller II. iii. 140 The Emirs, or relations of Mahomet,..have the privilege to be tried by an Effendi of their own. 1813 Ld. Byron Giaour 4 The foremost of the band is seen An Emir by his garb of green. 1840 S. G. Goodrich Pict. Geogr. World xc. 707 There is no hereditary nobility [among the Turks] except the Emirs or the descendants of Mahomet, through his daughter Fatima. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1542
随便看	reimmersions reimmigrant reimmigration reimmit reimpark reimpart reimpatriate reimpatriation reimpel reimplace reimplant reimplantation reimplantations reimplanted reimplanting reimplants reimplementation reimport reimportation reimportations reimported reimporter reimporters reimporting reimports