enemyn.¹adj.

Brit.

/ˈɛnᵻmi/, U.S.

/ˈɛnəmi/

Forms: Middle English–1600s enemi(e, enemye, enmie, enmy(e, Middle English–1500s enne-, ennymy(e, Middle English–1600s enimie, enimye, (Middle English ennymei, en(e)me, Middle English annemy, elmy, enmei, enymy, 1500s ennimie), Middle English– enemy.

Etymology: < Old French enemi (French ennemi), anemi, -y, corresponding to Provençal enemie, Catalan enemig, Spanish enemigo, Italian nemico < Latin inimīcus, < in- negative prefix + amīcus friendly, friend.

A. n.¹

I. An unfriendly or hostile person.

a. One that cherishes hatred, that wishes or seeks to do ill to another; also in weaker sense, an adversary, antagonist, opponent. Const. of (or genitive case), to.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > enemy > [noun]

witherwinc897

foemaneOE

i-foeOE

withersakec960

fiendc975

foeOE

witherlingc1000

unwine1050

unholda1200

andsetec1200

unfriendc1275

un-i-winec1275

adversaryc1350

enemy1362

hatera1382

evil-willinga1400

fedea1400

contraryc1405

inimi1423

overthwarter?c1450

evil-willer1460

Moabitea1461

heavy friend?1518

Satanas1530

adverse1593

malengine1601

distresser1616

viand1616

hostile1838

unfriendly1973

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. xi. 148 He..biddeþ [vs]..Blessen vr enemys.

1398 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 5 Enpresoned falslich by enme.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 25350 For-giue þine eneme.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14827 Quar es he þat godds enemy?

c1440 York Myst. xvii. 329 Herowde is oure enmye.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) viii. 80 Magre all his enymys [1489 Adv. ennymys].

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 33 The handys..defend the rest of the body, from the injury of ennymys utward.

1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. v. 140 Prodigious birth of loue is this to me, That I should loue a loathed enemie .

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. iii. 19 Within this roofe The enemie of all your graces liues.

1653 Trial Major Faulconer in Howell St. Trials (1816) V. 359 He was an enemy to himself in spending his estate.

1664 Duke of Albemarle Let. 14 Jan. in A. Marvell Wks. (1875) II. 98 A worke of their enimyes and not of their neighbours and friends.

1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) I. ii. 45 An enemy to his fellow-subjects.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 215 A stake was driven into the ground before his door, as a token that he was a public enemy.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 15 Where can I get me.., arms to fight my enemy?

1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 12 The man of the world, that worst enemy of the world.

(a) spec. the Enemy: the Devil (cf. fiend n.). Also (our) ghostly or great enemy; †the enemy of hell; the enemy of mankind, the enemy of souls, etc. See also old enemy n. (a) at old adj. Compounds 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > the Devil or Satan > [noun] > as enemy or fiend

witherwinc897

fienda1000

our foe?c1225

adversary1340

enemyc1384

fedea1400

our ghostly enemy1447

our ghostly foea1529

arch-foe1615

arch-traitor1751

arch-enemy1850

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke x. 19 I haue ȝouun to ȝou power of defoulinge, othir tredinge..on al the vertu of the enemy.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 131 The olde enemy cryde openliche in þe ayer.

1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 9 That tentacyoun Betoknyth..Of oure gostly enmye.

a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 125 She had vij husbondes, the whiche were mischeued and slayne bi the Annemy of helle.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bii^v The prince of derknesse..our gostly ennemy the deuyll.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 221 Be illusion of the ennimie.

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Visitacion of Sicke f. xix* Defende him from the daunger of the enemie.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 273. ¶8 Another Principal Actor in this Poem is the great Enemy of Mankind.

1820 W. Scott Abbot II. i. 10 I defy the Old Enemy to unmask me when I chuse to keep my vizard on.

(b) enemy of the people n. a common form of indictment used by popular leaders, esp. Communists, against their political opponents.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > enemy > [noun] > deadly enemy > public enemy

public enemy1548

enemy of the people1888

public enemy number one1930

Great Satan1967

1888 E. M. Aveling tr. An Enemy of Society iv, in H. Ellis Plays by Ibsen 288 He's an enemy of the people!

1904 J. Conrad Nostromo iii. xiii. 477 Comrade Fidanza,..you have refused all aid from that doctor. Is he really a dangerous enemy of the people?

1938 Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 680/1 The purge against Trotskyists and the hunt for ‘enemies of the people and socialism’.

1955 Treatment Brit. P.O.W.'s in Korea (H.M.S.O.) 13 The battered condition of those who had just returned to the compound as an example of what could happen to anyone who showed himself to be ‘an enemy of the people’.

1958 Economist 15 Nov. 589/2 The deputy minister of the interior recently admitted that about 700,000 enemies of the people..still exist in Hungary.

c. the great or last enemy: death (cf. 1 Corinthians xv. 26).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [noun] > personified or as an agent

deathOE

dragon?a1513

stinger1552

stretch-legc1560

king of terrors1610

divorcer?1611

reaper1650

raw-bone1784

Small-Back1823

grim reaper1847

the great or last enemy1885

scytheman1909

1885 Border Lances 166 Looking to see the great Enemy arise from the waters, and come up to enter within the house where the knight lay.

d. transferred and figurative (a) One who hates or opposes (a cause, custom, state of things). (b) Something that operates prejudicially upon, counteracts the action of.

ΚΠ

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) vii. xx. 237 Eyen ben enmyes and theues.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. i. 189 So mak'st thou faith an enemy to faith.

1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 173 To destroy these Enemies [sc. Palmer worms], you should [etc.].

1679 W. Penn Addr. Protestants (1692) i. viii. 31 Vice, the Enemy of Religion, is at the same time, the Enemy of Humane Society.

1782 Let. in Amyot Windham (1812) I. 18 One was an enemy to thinking;—the other to drinking.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 229 The true judge..ought to be the enemy of all pandering to the pleasure of the spectators.

e. (to be) nobody's enemy but one's own: (to be) responsible only for one's own misfortunes.

ΚΠ

1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. H2 I thinke him an honest man if he would but liue within his compasse, and generally no mannes foe but his owne.]

1639 J. Clarke Paroemiologia 21/1 He is no mans enemy but his owne.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 265 I had been no Body's Enemy but my own.

1849 E. Bulwer-Lytton Caxtons II. xiii. iv. 325 Guy Bolding, with all his faults, was one of those excellent creatures who are nobody's enemies but their own.

1850 C. Dickens David Copperfield xxv. 263 He is quite a good fellow—nobody's enemy but his own.

2. One belonging to a hostile army or nation; an armed foe.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > [noun] > enemy

foemaneOE

foec1275

enemy1393

alien enemy1579

foemate1592

gomer1978

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 15 The higher hond he [sc. Bacchus] hadde And victoire of his enemies.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 6592 I ledd ȝou thoru þe strand, vte of all ȝour enmys hand.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1204 And harde hurles þurȝ þe oste, er enmies hit wyste.

c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1714) 121 His Highness schal be..of Power to subdue his Ennymyes.

1461 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 392 God..send yowe vyttorye of yowre elmyse.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. iv. 21 No Enemy Shall euer take aliue the Noble Brutus.

1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. ix. 559 To take charge of those Horse whom only their Friends feared, and their Enemies laughed at.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 350. ⁋1 The Relief which a Man of Honour would bestow upon an Enemy barbarously treated.

1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 83 A rebel is not an enemy.

1874 G. Bancroft Footpr. of Time i. 46 All outside the family, tribe, or nation were usually held as enemies.

a. The hostile force. Originally only as quasi-personified, with agreement in singular; now also as collective with agreement in plural. Also, a hostile ship.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warriors collectively > [noun] > hostile, foreign, or predatory

wiþerþeodc1175

foe1565

enemya1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. ii. 251 'Tis better that the Enemie seeke vs.

1793 E. Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 159 They strike at the enemy in his weakest and most vulnerable part.

1813 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) XI. 35 To draw the attention of the enemy to this quarter.

1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic III. vi. i. 370 He sprang on board the enemy alone.

1867 C. H. Pearson Early & Middle Ages Eng. I. 471 A storm of arrows completed the rout of the first line of the enemy; and their men-at-arms were, etc.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

1879 R. A. Proctor Pleasant Ways Sci. viii. 174 Cold is the real enemy which bars the way towards the Pole.

c. colloquial or slang. how goes the enemy: = ‘what is the time?’

ΚΠ

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xix. 179 How goes the enemy, Snobb?

1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 227 How goes the enemy? What can he mean? He asks the hour.

†II. Adverse disposition.

4. [Apparently a substantive use of sense B. 1.] = enmity n. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > [noun]

heteeOE

nitheeOE

fiendshipc900

hatingOE

hatec1175

loathnessc1175

foeshipa1200

hatreda1225

foredenc1275

bitterhead1340

enmityc1380

bitternessa1382

haynec1386

enemy1398

heart-burningc1425

affection1485

dislovea1533

pique1532

haturea1563

animosity1568

foehood?1578

animoseness1730

hard feeling1803

dispeace1825

needle1874

bad mind1939

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) viii. xiii. 320 Vnder the planete Mars is conteyned werre and batayle, prison and enmye.

c1420 Chron. Vilod. 212 For to him he hadde a prevyȝe enmyȝe.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 87 On sleþ an oþer bi enemy.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 15 Þat cursing be riȝtwyse longen [þre condiciouns]..riȝtwisnes in þe kirk..vnriȝtwisnes in þe man cursid, & enmey of þe obstinat.

B. adj. (In many examples the word admits of being regarded as the noun used attributive.)

†1. Adverse, hostile, ill-disposed, unfriendly. Const. to, with. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [adjective]

witherwardc888

unholdc900

fremda1000

foeOE

hatelyOE

onwardOE

fiendlyc1050

witherc1175

unbaina1300

quedec1300

wrong1340

aliena1382

enemiablea1382

enemyfula1382

enemyc1384

ingrate1393

unfriendly1425

undisposed1456

oppugnanta1513

infest1513

enemious?1529

cold1557

enemylike1561

enemyly1573

ingratefulc1575

opposed1584

misliking1586

infestuous1593

infensive1596

infestious1597

affrontous1598

foe-hearted1598

ill-affecteda1599

inimicous1598

friendless?1611

haggardly1635

infensea1641

inimicitious1641

inimicitial1656

inimical1678

inamicable1683

indisposed1702

uneasy1725

hostile1791

adversarial1839

chilly1841

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Cor. xv. 26 Forsoth at the laste, the enemy deeth schal be distroyed.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 12930 Þe enemy fend þo him [sc. Jesus] souȝt.

?1521 A. Barclay Cytezen & Uplondyshman (1847) p. lxiii Enemie to muses, is wretched povertie.

1556 N. Grimald tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Duties iii. f. 126^v To mannes nature..crueltie is most enemie.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 444 Your wife..would not hold out enemy for euer.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 127 Harts are opposed by Wolues. [Margin] The enemy beastes to Harts.

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) 137 I have beene shipwrackt, yet am not enemy with the sea or winds.

1651 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa I. i. iv. 399 He has nothing that's Enemy to us but his name.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. vii. 127 Some evil Genius, Enemy to Mankind, must have been the first Contriver.

2. Of or pertaining to a hostile army or nation; standing in the relation of an enemy, hostile.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warriors collectively > [adjective] > hostile

enemya1425

hostile1597

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Ecclus. xlvi. 7 He made assauȝt aȝens the folk enemy [1382 enmyable folc].

1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xi. viii. 149 Being captaines of enemie nations.

1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 82 The Countrey is enemy, and we in danger to lose many Souldiers.

1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre iv. 149 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian Narses medled not with Ariminum..nor with any other Enemy-towne.

1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 99 The Carduchi, a people enemy to the Persians.

a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 324 There is a party of enemy Indians coming that way.

1793 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 25 Enemy goods are lawful prize.

1881 J. Westlake in Academy 15 Jan. 14/3 Distinguishing..between the enemy character of individuals and of their State.

1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors III. vi. 108 The young..have either emotion or imagination to fold them defensively from an enemy world.

1902 Westm. Gaz. 5 Aug. 6/3 Stock requisitioned during the late war from private enemy owners.

1909 Westm. Gaz. 5 Apr. 1/3 The destination..is presumed to exist if the goods are consigned to enemy authorities, or to a contractor established in the enemy country who..supplies articles of this kind to the enemy.

1909 Westm. Gaz. 5 Apr. 2/1 If goods consigned to any trader supplying an enemy population could be seized.

1915 J. H. Morgan tr. Ger. War Bk. 113 Usages of war in regard to enemy territory and its inhabitants.

1915 N.Y. Tribune 30 Mar. 8/3 British naval officers in their reports have also referred to ‘enemy’ ships and fleets.

1942 E. Waugh Put out More Flags iii. v. 233 ‘No, not an enemy agent.’ ‘Certainly not, sir, but a frivolous, talkative girl.’

1946 ‘G. Orwell’ Crit. Ess. 137 Koestler..was once again thrown into prison as an enemy alien.

Compounds

General attributive: instrumental.

enemy-controlled adj.

ΚΠ

1918 Act 8 & 9 Geo. V c. 31 §8 Any property belonging to a company which is an enemy-controlled corporation.

enemy-held adj.

ΚΠ

1937 Daily Tel. 19 Oct. 15/2 Enemy-held Channel ports would no more have deprived England of the command of the sea than enemy-held Ostend and Zeebrugge did.

1946 W. S. Churchill Secret Session Speeches 45 The enemy-held Atlantic ports and airfields.

enemy occupied adj.

ΚΠ

1919 J. M. Keynes Econ. Consequences Peace (1920) 108 To maintain the civilian French population in the enemy-occupied districts.

1944 J. S. Huxley On Living in Revol. iii. 38 The enemy-occupied countries.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	enemy
释义	enemyn.¹adj. Brit. /ˈɛnᵻmi/, U.S. /ˈɛnəmi/ Forms: Middle English–1600s enemi(e, enemye, enmie, enmy(e, Middle English–1500s enne-, ennymy(e, Middle English–1600s enimie, enimye, (Middle English ennymei, en(e)me, Middle English annemy, elmy, enmei, enymy, 1500s ennimie), Middle English– enemy. Etymology: < Old French enemi (French ennemi), anemi, -y, corresponding to Provençal enemie, Catalan enemig, Spanish enemigo, Italian nemico < Latin inimīcus, < in- negative prefix + amīcus friendly, friend. A. n.¹ I. An unfriendly or hostile person. 1. a. One that cherishes hatred, that wishes or seeks to do ill to another; also in weaker sense, an adversary, antagonist, opponent. Const. of (or genitive case), to. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > enemy > [noun] witherwinc897 foemaneOE i-foeOE withersakec960 fiendc975 foeOE witherlingc1000 unwine1050 unholda1200 andsetec1200 unfriendc1275 un-i-winec1275 adversaryc1350 enemy1362 hatera1382 evil-willinga1400 fedea1400 contraryc1405 inimi1423 overthwarter?c1450 evil-willer1460 Moabitea1461 heavy friend?1518 Satanas1530 adverse1593 malengine1601 distresser1616 viand1616 hostile1838 unfriendly1973 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. xi. 148 He..biddeþ [vs]..Blessen vr enemys. 1398 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 5 Enpresoned falslich by enme. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 25350 For-giue þine eneme. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14827 Quar es he þat godds enemy? c1440 York Myst. xvii. 329 Herowde is oure enmye. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) viii. 80 Magre all his enymys [1489 Adv. ennymys]. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 33 The handys..defend the rest of the body, from the injury of ennymys utward. 1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. v. 140 Prodigious birth of loue is this to me, That I should loue a loathed enemie . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. iii. 19 Within this roofe The enemie of all your graces liues. View more context for this quotation 1653 Trial Major Faulconer in Howell St. Trials (1816) V. 359 He was an enemy to himself in spending his estate. 1664 Duke of Albemarle Let. 14 Jan. in A. Marvell Wks. (1875) II. 98 A worke of their enimyes and not of their neighbours and friends. 1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) I. ii. 45 An enemy to his fellow-subjects. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 215 A stake was driven into the ground before his door, as a token that he was a public enemy. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 15 Where can I get me.., arms to fight my enemy? 1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 12 The man of the world, that worst enemy of the world. b. (a) spec. the Enemy: the Devil (cf. fiend n.). Also (our) ghostly or great enemy; †the enemy of hell; the enemy of mankind, the enemy of souls, etc. See also old enemy n. (a) at old adj. Compounds 4. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > the Devil or Satan > [noun] > as enemy or fiend witherwinc897 fienda1000 our foe?c1225 adversary1340 enemyc1384 fedea1400 our ghostly enemy1447 our ghostly foea1529 arch-foe1615 arch-traitor1751 arch-enemy1850 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke x. 19 I haue ȝouun to ȝou power of defoulinge, othir tredinge..on al the vertu of the enemy. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 131 The olde enemy cryde openliche in þe ayer. 1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 9 That tentacyoun Betoknyth..Of oure gostly enmye. a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 125 She had vij husbondes, the whiche were mischeued and slayne bi the Annemy of helle. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bii^v The prince of derknesse..our gostly ennemy the deuyll. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 221 Be illusion of the ennimie. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Visitacion of Sicke f. xix* Defende him from the daunger of the enemie. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 273. ¶8 Another Principal Actor in this Poem is the great Enemy of Mankind. 1820 W. Scott Abbot II. i. 10 I defy the Old Enemy to unmask me when I chuse to keep my vizard on. (b) enemy of the people n. a common form of indictment used by popular leaders, esp. Communists, against their political opponents. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > enemy > [noun] > deadly enemy > public enemy public enemy1548 enemy of the people1888 public enemy number one1930 Great Satan1967 1888 E. M. Aveling tr. An Enemy of Society iv, in H. Ellis Plays by Ibsen 288 He's an enemy of the people! 1904 J. Conrad Nostromo iii. xiii. 477 Comrade Fidanza,..you have refused all aid from that doctor. Is he really a dangerous enemy of the people? 1938 Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 680/1 The purge against Trotskyists and the hunt for ‘enemies of the people and socialism’. 1955 Treatment Brit. P.O.W.'s in Korea (H.M.S.O.) 13 The battered condition of those who had just returned to the compound as an example of what could happen to anyone who showed himself to be ‘an enemy of the people’. 1958 Economist 15 Nov. 589/2 The deputy minister of the interior recently admitted that about 700,000 enemies of the people..still exist in Hungary. c. the great or last enemy: death (cf. 1 Corinthians xv. 26). ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [noun] > personified or as an agent deathOE dragon?a1513 stinger1552 stretch-legc1560 king of terrors1610 divorcer?1611 reaper1650 raw-bone1784 Small-Back1823 grim reaper1847 the great or last enemy1885 scytheman1909 1885 Border Lances 166 Looking to see the great Enemy arise from the waters, and come up to enter within the house where the knight lay. d. transferred and figurative (a) One who hates or opposes (a cause, custom, state of things). (b) Something that operates prejudicially upon, counteracts the action of. ΚΠ 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) vii. xx. 237 Eyen ben enmyes and theues. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. i. 189 So mak'st thou faith an enemy to faith. View more context for this quotation 1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 173 To destroy these Enemies [sc. Palmer worms], you should [etc.]. 1679 W. Penn Addr. Protestants (1692) i. viii. 31 Vice, the Enemy of Religion, is at the same time, the Enemy of Humane Society. 1782 Let. in Amyot Windham (1812) I. 18 One was an enemy to thinking;—the other to drinking. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 229 The true judge..ought to be the enemy of all pandering to the pleasure of the spectators. e. (to be) nobody's enemy but one's own: (to be) responsible only for one's own misfortunes. ΚΠ 1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. H2 I thinke him an honest man if he would but liue within his compasse, and generally no mannes foe but his owne.] 1639 J. Clarke Paroemiologia 21/1 He is no mans enemy but his owne. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 265 I had been no Body's Enemy but my own. 1849 E. Bulwer-Lytton Caxtons II. xiii. iv. 325 Guy Bolding, with all his faults, was one of those excellent creatures who are nobody's enemies but their own. 1850 C. Dickens David Copperfield xxv. 263 He is quite a good fellow—nobody's enemy but his own. 2. One belonging to a hostile army or nation; an armed foe. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > [noun] > enemy foemaneOE foec1275 enemy1393 alien enemy1579 foemate1592 gomer1978 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 15 The higher hond he [sc. Bacchus] hadde And victoire of his enemies. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 6592 I ledd ȝou thoru þe strand, vte of all ȝour enmys hand. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1204 And harde hurles þurȝ þe oste, er enmies hit wyste. c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1714) 121 His Highness schal be..of Power to subdue his Ennymyes. 1461 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 392 God..send yowe vyttorye of yowre elmyse. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. iv. 21 No Enemy Shall euer take aliue the Noble Brutus. View more context for this quotation 1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. ix. 559 To take charge of those Horse whom only their Friends feared, and their Enemies laughed at. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 350. ⁋1 The Relief which a Man of Honour would bestow upon an Enemy barbarously treated. 1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 83 A rebel is not an enemy. 1874 G. Bancroft Footpr. of Time i. 46 All outside the family, tribe, or nation were usually held as enemies. 3. a. The hostile force. Originally only as quasi-personified, with agreement in singular; now also as collective with agreement in plural. Also, a hostile ship. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warriors collectively > [noun] > hostile, foreign, or predatory wiþerþeodc1175 foe1565 enemya1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. ii. 251 'Tis better that the Enemie seeke vs. View more context for this quotation 1793 E. Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 159 They strike at the enemy in his weakest and most vulnerable part. 1813 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) XI. 35 To draw the attention of the enemy to this quarter. 1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic III. vi. i. 370 He sprang on board the enemy alone. 1867 C. H. Pearson Early & Middle Ages Eng. I. 471 A storm of arrows completed the rout of the first line of the enemy; and their men-at-arms were, etc. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1879 R. A. Proctor Pleasant Ways Sci. viii. 174 Cold is the real enemy which bars the way towards the Pole. c. colloquial or slang. how goes the enemy: = ‘what is the time?’ ΚΠ 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xix. 179 How goes the enemy, Snobb? 1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 227 How goes the enemy? What can he mean? He asks the hour. †II. Adverse disposition. 4. [Apparently a substantive use of sense B. 1.] = enmity n. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > [noun] heteeOE nitheeOE fiendshipc900 hatingOE hatec1175 loathnessc1175 foeshipa1200 hatreda1225 foredenc1275 bitterhead1340 enmityc1380 bitternessa1382 haynec1386 enemy1398 heart-burningc1425 affection1485 dislovea1533 pique1532 haturea1563 animosity1568 foehood?1578 animoseness1730 hard feeling1803 dispeace1825 needle1874 bad mind1939 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) viii. xiii. 320 Vnder the planete Mars is conteyned werre and batayle, prison and enmye. c1420 Chron. Vilod. 212 For to him he hadde a prevyȝe enmyȝe. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 87 On sleþ an oþer bi enemy. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 15 Þat cursing be riȝtwyse longen [þre condiciouns]..riȝtwisnes in þe kirk..vnriȝtwisnes in þe man cursid, & enmey of þe obstinat. B. adj. (In many examples the word admits of being regarded as the noun used attributive.) †1. Adverse, hostile, ill-disposed, unfriendly. Const. to, with. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [adjective] witherwardc888 unholdc900 fremda1000 foeOE hatelyOE onwardOE fiendlyc1050 witherc1175 unbaina1300 quedec1300 wrong1340 aliena1382 enemiablea1382 enemyfula1382 enemyc1384 ingrate1393 unfriendly1425 undisposed1456 oppugnanta1513 infest1513 enemious?1529 cold1557 enemylike1561 enemyly1573 ingratefulc1575 opposed1584 misliking1586 infestuous1593 infensive1596 infestious1597 affrontous1598 foe-hearted1598 ill-affecteda1599 inimicous1598 friendless?1611 haggardly1635 infensea1641 inimicitious1641 inimicitial1656 inimical1678 inamicable1683 indisposed1702 uneasy1725 hostile1791 adversarial1839 chilly1841 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Cor. xv. 26 Forsoth at the laste, the enemy deeth schal be distroyed. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 12930 Þe enemy fend þo him [sc. Jesus] souȝt. ?1521 A. Barclay Cytezen & Uplondyshman (1847) p. lxiii Enemie to muses, is wretched povertie. 1556 N. Grimald tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Duties iii. f. 126^v To mannes nature..crueltie is most enemie. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 444 Your wife..would not hold out enemy for euer. View more context for this quotation 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 127 Harts are opposed by Wolues. [Margin] The enemy beastes to Harts. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) 137 I have beene shipwrackt, yet am not enemy with the sea or winds. View more context for this quotation 1651 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa I. i. iv. 399 He has nothing that's Enemy to us but his name. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. vii. 127 Some evil Genius, Enemy to Mankind, must have been the first Contriver. 2. Of or pertaining to a hostile army or nation; standing in the relation of an enemy, hostile. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warriors collectively > [adjective] > hostile enemya1425 hostile1597 a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Ecclus. xlvi. 7 He made assauȝt aȝens the folk enemy [1382 enmyable folc]. 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xi. viii. 149 Being captaines of enemie nations. 1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 82 The Countrey is enemy, and we in danger to lose many Souldiers. 1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre iv. 149 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian Narses medled not with Ariminum..nor with any other Enemy-towne. 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 99 The Carduchi, a people enemy to the Persians. a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 324 There is a party of enemy Indians coming that way. 1793 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 25 Enemy goods are lawful prize. 1881 J. Westlake in Academy 15 Jan. 14/3 Distinguishing..between the enemy character of individuals and of their State. 1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors III. vi. 108 The young..have either emotion or imagination to fold them defensively from an enemy world. 1902 Westm. Gaz. 5 Aug. 6/3 Stock requisitioned during the late war from private enemy owners. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 5 Apr. 1/3 The destination..is presumed to exist if the goods are consigned to enemy authorities, or to a contractor established in the enemy country who..supplies articles of this kind to the enemy. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 5 Apr. 2/1 If goods consigned to any trader supplying an enemy population could be seized. 1915 J. H. Morgan tr. Ger. War Bk. 113 Usages of war in regard to enemy territory and its inhabitants. 1915 N.Y. Tribune 30 Mar. 8/3 British naval officers in their reports have also referred to ‘enemy’ ships and fleets. 1942 E. Waugh Put out More Flags iii. v. 233 ‘No, not an enemy agent.’ ‘Certainly not, sir, but a frivolous, talkative girl.’ 1946 ‘G. Orwell’ Crit. Ess. 137 Koestler..was once again thrown into prison as an enemy alien. Compounds General attributive: instrumental. enemy-controlled adj. ΚΠ 1918 Act 8 & 9 Geo. V c. 31 §8 Any property belonging to a company which is an enemy-controlled corporation. enemy-held adj. ΚΠ 1937 Daily Tel. 19 Oct. 15/2 Enemy-held Channel ports would no more have deprived England of the command of the sea than enemy-held Ostend and Zeebrugge did. 1946 W. S. Churchill Secret Session Speeches 45 The enemy-held Atlantic ports and airfields. enemy occupied adj. ΚΠ 1919 J. M. Keynes Econ. Consequences Peace (1920) 108 To maintain the civilian French population in the enemy-occupied districts. 1944 J. S. Huxley On Living in Revol. iii. 38 The enemy-occupied countries. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). enemyn.² Brit. /ˈɛnᵻmi/, U.S. /ˈɛnəmi/ Etymology: Variant of anemone n. regional. = anemone n. 1. ΚΠ 1864 Ld. Tennyson Northern Farmer: Old Style ix, in Enoch Arden, etc. 132 They fun un theer a-laäid on 'is faäce Doon i' the woild 'enemies. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † enemyv. Etymology: < enemy n.¹ Obsolete. rare. intransitive. To be hostile to. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > be hostile [verb (intransitive)] witherc1000 enemy1382 to have a snout on1941 1382 J. Wyclif Psalms xxxiv. 19 Ouer ioȝe not to me that enemyen [1388 ben aduersaries] to me wickeli. Derivatives † ˈenemying n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [noun] > act of hostility > (display of) hostility enemying?1529 ?1529 S. Fish Supplicacyon for Beggers 9 So then here was enmying, enuying, laughing, etc. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.¹adj.1362n.²1864v.1382
随便看	intrapreneurial intrapreneurialism intrapreneurialisms intrapreneuring intrapreneurs intrapreneurship intrapreneurships intraprotoplasmic intrapsychic intrapsychical intrapsychically intrapulmonary intrapulmonic intraracial intrarectal intraregional intraretinal intrarious intrarupt intrasegmental intraseminal intrasemital intrasentence intraseptal intraserous

enemyn.1adj.

Compounds

enemyn.2

† enemyv.

Derivatives

enemyn.¹adj.

enemyn.²