epi-prefix

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Forms: Middle English epu-, Middle English jpe-, Middle English–1600s epy-, Middle English– epi-, 1500s–1600s epe-, 1500s apa-, 1500s ipy-.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French épi-; Latin epi-.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French épi- and its etymon (ii) classical Latin epi- < ancient Greek ἐπι- (before an unaspirated vowel usually ἐπ- , before an aspirated vowel ἐϕ- , represented in English by ep- prefix) ‘upon, to or towards, against, over, beyond, with, after’, also indicating accumulation, superiority or authority, or merely to intensify the force of the verb, use as prefix of ἐπί (preposition) upon, on or over, against, in addition to, in the power of, after, in the time of, according to (compare Mycenaean Greek e-pi) < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit api ‘beside, also’, Avestan aipi, Old Persian apiy ‘also, even, throughout, in’, and Armenian ew ‘and’.In use in chemistry (see sense 2b) after German epi- (E. Votoček 1911, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 44 360, the article paraphrased in quot. 1911); compare Epimer epimer n. and Epimerie (see epimerism n. at epimer n. Derivatives). In use in mineralogy (see sense 3) after similar uses of German epi- (1826 in Epistilbit (see epistilbite n.), or earlier).

Representing Greek ἐπι-, used in prepositional and adverbial senses, ‘upon, at, or close upon (a point of space or time), on the ground or occasion of, in addition’.

1. In words derived from compounds which either were, or might legitimately have been, formed already in Greek. Also in modern scientific terms after the analogy of words derived from Greek; chiefly with sense ‘placed or resting upon’, as in epicalyx, epicorolline.

a. In modern Chemistry employed in the names epibromhydrin, epichlorhydrin, epicyanhydrin, epiiodohydrin, denoting substances of analogous composition belonging respectively to the bromhydrin, chlorhydrin, etc. series. They contain one equivalent of a salt-radical with 3 of carbon, 5 of hydrogen, and 1 of oxygen.

ΚΠ

1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 382 Epichlorhydrin (C₆H₅O₂Cl)..is a limpid oil.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 532/2 It [sc. acrolein] is also produced by the action of sodium on a mixture of epichlorhydrin and methyl iodide.

1956 Nature 21 Jan. 122/1 A polymer of repeating unit..which may be prepared from 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenoxyethane and epichlorhydrin in the presence of sodium hydroxide.

b. Occasionally prefixed to the name of a sugar or sugar derivative to indicate that a second compound, bearing the prefix, is an epimer of the first.

ΚΠ

1911 Chem. Abstr. 5 1606 It is proposed that sugars which are related in the same manner as is glucose..to mannose..should be distinguished by prefixing epi- to the name of 1 member of the pair. The relationship itself should be termed epimerism; the 2 related compds. would then be called epimers.

1932 H. Pringsheim Chem. Monosaccharides & Polysaccharides iii. 38 Mannose might be termed ‘epiglucose’.

1963 K. Mayer tr. J. Stanĕk et al. Monosaccharides xviii. 507 The term epi-glucosamine is today reserved for d-mannosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy- d-mannose).

3. In Mineralogy prefixed to the names of certain minerals to form names of other minerals closely resembling them in composition.

epiboulangerite n.

Brit.

/ˌɛpᵻbuːˈlɑːndʒərʌɪt/

/ˌɛpᵻbuːˈlandʒərʌɪt/

U.S.

/ˌɛpəˌbuˈlændʒəˌraɪt/

a sulph-antimonide of lead resulting from the decomposition of boulangerite. [After German Epiboulangerite (1869).]

ΚΠ

1872 J. D. Dana Min. 1st App. 5 Epiboulangerite.

epichlorite n.

Brit.

/ˌɛpᵻˈklɔːrʌɪt/

U.S.

/ˌɛpəˈklɔˌraɪt/

a hydrous silicate of aluminium, iron, and magnesium. [After German Epichlorit (1849); compare French épichlorite (1849).]

ΚΠ

1850 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 3) 263 Epichlorite..fuses only in thin fibres and with difficulty.

1879 F. Rutley Study of Rocks xiii. 245 The viridite (chlorite, epichlorite, or chloritic matter).

epidiorite n.

Brit.

/ˌɛpᵻˈdʌɪərʌɪt/

U.S.

/ˌɛpəˈdaɪəˌraɪt/

a mineral differing from diorite in that the hornblende it contains is fibrous. [After German Epidiorit (1874); compare French épidiorite (1874).]

ΚΠ

1887 J. D. Dana Man. Mineral. 482 Epidioryte consists of plagioclase with hornblende, some quartz, a little orthoclase, and some pyroxen.

epistilbite n.

Brit.

/ˌɛpᵻˈstɪlbʌɪt/

U.S.

/ˌɛpəˈstɪlˌbaɪt/

a zeolitic mineral, a hydrous silicate of aluminium, calcium, and sodium. [After German Epistilbit (1826).]

ΚΠ

1826 Edinb. Jrnl. Sci. 4 286 The cleavage of epistilbite is quite perfect.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	epi-
释义	epi-prefix Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Forms: Middle English epu-, Middle English jpe-, Middle English–1600s epy-, Middle English– epi-, 1500s–1600s epe-, 1500s apa-, 1500s ipy-. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French épi-; Latin epi-. Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French épi- and its etymon (ii) classical Latin epi- < ancient Greek ἐπι- (before an unaspirated vowel usually ἐπ- , before an aspirated vowel ἐϕ- , represented in English by ep- prefix) ‘upon, to or towards, against, over, beyond, with, after’, also indicating accumulation, superiority or authority, or merely to intensify the force of the verb, use as prefix of ἐπί (preposition) upon, on or over, against, in addition to, in the power of, after, in the time of, according to (compare Mycenaean Greek e-pi) < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit api ‘beside, also’, Avestan aipi, Old Persian apiy ‘also, even, throughout, in’, and Armenian ew ‘and’.In use in chemistry (see sense 2b) after German epi- (E. Votoček 1911, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 44 360, the article paraphrased in quot. 1911); compare Epimer epimer n. and Epimerie (see epimerism n. at epimer n. Derivatives). In use in mineralogy (see sense 3) after similar uses of German epi- (1826 in Epistilbit (see epistilbite n.), or earlier). Representing Greek ἐπι-, used in prepositional and adverbial senses, ‘upon, at, or close upon (a point of space or time), on the ground or occasion of, in addition’. 1. In words derived from compounds which either were, or might legitimately have been, formed already in Greek. Also in modern scientific terms after the analogy of words derived from Greek; chiefly with sense ‘placed or resting upon’, as in epicalyx, epicorolline. 2. a. In modern Chemistry employed in the names epibromhydrin, epichlorhydrin, epicyanhydrin, epiiodohydrin, denoting substances of analogous composition belonging respectively to the bromhydrin, chlorhydrin, etc. series. They contain one equivalent of a salt-radical with 3 of carbon, 5 of hydrogen, and 1 of oxygen. ΚΠ 1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 382 Epichlorhydrin (C₆H₅O₂Cl)..is a limpid oil. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 532/2 It [sc. acrolein] is also produced by the action of sodium on a mixture of epichlorhydrin and methyl iodide. 1956 Nature 21 Jan. 122/1 A polymer of repeating unit..which may be prepared from 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenoxyethane and epichlorhydrin in the presence of sodium hydroxide. b. Occasionally prefixed to the name of a sugar or sugar derivative to indicate that a second compound, bearing the prefix, is an epimer of the first. ΚΠ 1911 Chem. Abstr. 5 1606 It is proposed that sugars which are related in the same manner as is glucose..to mannose..should be distinguished by prefixing epi- to the name of 1 member of the pair. The relationship itself should be termed epimerism; the 2 related compds. would then be called epimers. 1932 H. Pringsheim Chem. Monosaccharides & Polysaccharides iii. 38 Mannose might be termed ‘epiglucose’. 1963 K. Mayer tr. J. Stanĕk et al. Monosaccharides xviii. 507 The term epi-glucosamine is today reserved for d-mannosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy- d-mannose). 3. In Mineralogy prefixed to the names of certain minerals to form names of other minerals closely resembling them in composition. epiboulangerite n. Brit. /ˌɛpᵻbuːˈlɑːndʒərʌɪt/ , /ˌɛpᵻbuːˈlandʒərʌɪt/ , U.S. /ˌɛpəˌbuˈlændʒəˌraɪt/ a sulph-antimonide of lead resulting from the decomposition of boulangerite. [After German Epiboulangerite (1869).] ΚΠ 1872 J. D. Dana Min. 1st App. 5 Epiboulangerite. epichlorite n. Brit. /ˌɛpᵻˈklɔːrʌɪt/ , U.S. /ˌɛpəˈklɔˌraɪt/ a hydrous silicate of aluminium, iron, and magnesium. [After German Epichlorit (1849); compare French épichlorite (1849).] ΚΠ 1850 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 3) 263 Epichlorite..fuses only in thin fibres and with difficulty. 1879 F. Rutley Study of Rocks xiii. 245 The viridite (chlorite, epichlorite, or chloritic matter). epidiorite n. Brit. /ˌɛpᵻˈdʌɪərʌɪt/ , U.S. /ˌɛpəˈdaɪəˌraɪt/ a mineral differing from diorite in that the hornblende it contains is fibrous. [After German Epidiorit (1874); compare French épidiorite (1874).] ΚΠ 1887 J. D. Dana Man. Mineral. 482 Epidioryte consists of plagioclase with hornblende, some quartz, a little orthoclase, and some pyroxen. epistilbite n. Brit. /ˌɛpᵻˈstɪlbʌɪt/ , U.S. /ˌɛpəˈstɪlˌbaɪt/ a zeolitic mineral, a hydrous silicate of aluminium, calcium, and sodium. [After German Epistilbit (1826).] ΚΠ 1826 Edinb. Jrnl. Sci. 4 286 The cleavage of epistilbite is quite perfect. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < prefix1826
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