engenderv.

Brit.

/ᵻnˈdʒɛndə/,

/ɛnˈdʒɛndə/, U.S.

/ᵻnˈdʒɛndər/,

/ɛnˈdʒɛndər/

Forms: Middle English engendyr, Middle English–1500s engendre, Middle English–1700s ingender, Middle English–1800s engender, late Middle English (in a late copy) 1500s–1600s ingendre.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French engendrer.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French engendrer (French engendrer ) to beget, father (12th cent.), to give birth (13th cent. or earlier), to produce offspring (beginning of the 14th cent. or earlier), to produce, give rise to, to cause (both 14th cent.), to conceive (a1481), (reflexive) to come into existence (14th cent.) < classical Latin ingenerāre ingenerate v.Compare Old Occitan engenrar , Catalan engendrar (14th cent.), Spanish engendrar (13th cent.), Portuguese engendrar (14th cent.), Italian ingenerare (13th cent.). With forms in in- compare discussion at en- prefix¹.

I. To produce (offspring), to procreate, and related senses.

1. Now literary or archaic.

a. transitive. To bring (a child) into existence by the process of reproduction; to produce (offspring), to have (children). Formerly often in passive with between, betwixt, of: to be the child or offspring of; to be descended from.Typically with the parents or progenitors as the subject, but in early use often also with reference to ancestors more generally (e.g. quots. a1393, c1550). Sometimes in extended use with places, times, conditions, etc., as subject (e.g. quot. 1814).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > give existence to living things

breeda1250

engendera1325

ingener1513

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (transitive)]

kenc825

begeteOE

strenec893

raisec1175

breeda1250

kenec1275

felefolda1300

engendera1325

tiddera1325

multiplyc1350

genderc1384

producea1513

procreatea1525

propagate1535

generate1552

product1577

kind1596

traduce1599

pullulate1602

traduct1604

progenerate1611

store1611

spawna1616

spawna1617

reproduce1650

propage1695

to make a baby1911

a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vii. 28 Wan ani man ȝif his londe to ani man ant to his wif, ant to þe heires of þilke man ant of þulke womman engendrede, her is adioined condicion.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 137 (MED) The Patriarkes tuelve, Of whom..The tribes tuelve..Engendred were.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xi. l. 215 A rybaud þei engendrede and a gome vnryghtful.

1480 Higden's Discripcion Brit. (Caxton) xxiv Men of religion eteth bernacles on fastingdayes because they ben not engendrid with flessh.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) 1 Illustir princes engendrit of magnanime genoligie.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 125^v Of the shee Asse, & the Horse, is engendred the shee Moyle.

1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum i. 232 For what hath man deserved, why his parents should ingender him such, or such?

1725 M. Davys Lady's Tale in Wks. II. 126 Nature..had made the thing look like a Creature engender'd betwixt a Monkey and a Dutch Mastiff.

1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision I. iii. 12 The human kind, the place, the time, and seed, That did engender them and give them birth.

1867 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 10) I. ii. 16 After the first imperfect and short-lived creatures had been engendered in slime, an advance took place.

1948 A. Ginsberg in Columbia Rev. May 5 I, enragèd creature, anciently Engendered here, cried out upon mine Image.

2016 J. Colapinto Undone xi Jasper..would have had a mighty struggle to accept into their home a child she had engendered with an ex-lover.

b. transitive. Of a male parent: to beget (a child or offspring); to father; to sire. Formerly often with prepositional phrase introduced by on, upon indicating the mother.In quot. a1856 as part of an extended metaphor.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (transitive)] > beget

sowc1250

getc1300

begeta1325

engenderc1330

conceivec1350

makea1382

wina1400

fathera1425

rutc1450

tread1594

sirea1616

engraff1864

c1330 Short Metrical Chron. (Auch.) l. 343 in PMLA (1931) 46 121/2 (MED) Þe fende of helle..engenderd þo on hem Geauntes þat wer strong men.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 28 Thanne sholde he take a yong wyf and a feir On which he myghte engendren hym an heir.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 146 Of his sone Chuse was engendred Membroth the geaunt.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 103 The one espoused that other And engendryd on her a doughter.

a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) x. Prol. 42 The Fader..Hys only Son engendris evirmor.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 625 The sayde Richarde was espoused to Lady Alice..of which woman he engendered Richard, John and George.

1602 S. Patrick tr. J. de Hainault Estate of Church 375 Som say also he engendred vpon a Concubine of his a bastard, whose haire and nailes were like a Beares.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxvii. 233 When a man..engenders his like..it is no Miracle.

1705 N. Rowe Biter iii. i. 55 Cou'd the right worshipful and most sincere, my Friend, Sir Peter Pinch , a Man of his most categorical Principles, engender a Biter!

1796 F. Jeffrey in Ld. H. Cockburn Life Ld. Jeffrey (1853) II. xiii I haue to seek out some angelic partner, and engender a dozen or two of children.

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) II. xxxix. 394 Mr. Hume patronized the opinion, that the notion of causality is the offspring of experience engendered upon custom.

1892 A. Austin Fortunatus Pessimist i. iv. 66 For such a sire to engender such a daughter, Congenitally noble, gentle, wise, Is within nature's narrow competence.

1925 Amer. Mercury Dec. 451/1 How could they have seen in him the father of the Higher Illiteracy, destined to engender a horrid progeny of..versifiers?

2005 J. M. Coetzee Slow Man vii. 45 Or he could locate some fertile young woman, and marry her or pay her or otherwise induce her to permit him to engender, or try to engender, a male child in her womb.

c. transitive. Of a female parent: to conceive, bear, or give birth to (a child or offspring).In quot. c1450 as part of an extended metaphor; cf. sense 5a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > confine or deliver [verb (transitive)] > give birth

forthbring971

akenOE

haveOE

bearOE

to bring into the worldOE

teemOE

i-bereOE

to bring forthc1175

childc1175

reara1275

ofkenc1275

hatcha1350

makea1382

yielda1400

cleck1401

issue1447

engenderc1450

infant1483

deliver?a1518

whelp1581

world1596

yean1598

fall1600

to give (a person or thing) birth1615

to give birth to1633

drop1662

pup1699

born1703

to throw off1742

beteem1855

birth1855

parturiate1866

shell1890

to put to bed1973

bring-

c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) l. 587 Ȝe were alle..bred of þat modur Þat is stable to stonde and stonus engendreþ, And þe erþe is called.

1517 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) iv. 24 Seuen doughters..she hadde well engendred.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. iii. 70 O Error soone conceyu'd, Thou..kil'st the Mother that engendred thee.

1683 Britanniæ Speculum 57 The Father and Mother, and simply those that beget and ingender do..rule over all their Children.

1707 tr. N. de Venette Myst. Conjugal Love reveal'd (ed. 2) iii. v. 371 Here a question may be started, whether a Woman can engender a Mola or false Conception, without being caressed by a Man.

1880 W. James in Atlantic Monthly Oct. 449/2 Does he mean to say that if the aforesaid W. Shakespeare had died of cholera infantum, another mother at Stratford-upon-Avon would needs have engendered a duplicate copy of him, to restore the sociologic equilibrium?

1920 Open Court Oct. 611 According to some, Hera (Juno) engendered Ares (Mars)..by smelling or touching a certain flower.

2016 C. Shrank in R. Copeland Oxf. Hist. Classical Reception in Eng. Lit. I. xxvii. 588 Much of the poem is spoken by the mother, on the verge of consuming the child that she has engendered and nurtured.

2. transitive. Theology. Of God the Father, as First Person of the Trinity: to generate (the Son, as Second Person). Cf. beget v. 2b(a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > [verb (transitive)] > beget (Christ)

begetc1350

engenderc1350

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 134 (MED) Þe sone [sc. Jesus] hys of þe fader alone Engendred, nauȝt ymad of mone.

c1450 (?c1400) tr. Honorius Augustodunensis Elucidarium (1909) 2 (MED) For as brighte schynyng of þe sonne is engendrid..in þe sonne, so is þe sone engendred of þe fadir.

1592 E. Smyth tr. J. de L'Espine Disc. touching Tranquilitie vi. 137 They demaund what God did before he made the world? howe the Father in one and the selfe same instant ingendred the Sonne.

1642 Warning Peece for London 41 I beleeve in..our Lord Iesus Christ, the onely son engendred by God the Father before the constitution of the world.

1796 J. Morony Serm. & Exhort. I. 127 As the Father engendered the Son, so the works of power and creation are attributed to the Father.

1877 R. Willis Servetus & Calvin xvi. 174 He imagines Christ to have been engendered by God.

2007 F. A. Murphy tr. G. Emery Trinitarian Theol. of St. Thomas Aquinas (2010) viii. 169 What distinguishes the Son from him [sc. the Father] is that he is engendered by the Father.

3. intransitive. To produce offspring; to procreate, reproduce. Now literary or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (intransitive)]

teemOE

tidderOE

breedc1200

felefolda1300

fructifya1325

creasec1380

multiplyc1390

engendera1400

fawn1481

procreate1576

propagate1601

generate1605

spawn1607

pullulate1618

populate1625

reproduce1650

prolify1660

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 174 (MED) [God] made ballokis as it was necessarie, & ȝaf hem schap & complexioun for to engendre.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Monk's Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 70 Oure heires beth so sklendre And feble þ^t they may nat wel engendre.

a1450 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 840 Than wille folkes..expresse Thow art ympotent tengendre yn thi degre.

1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. C2 Let him neuer looke to ingender by the mouth, as rauens and doues doe, that is, mount or be great by vndermining.

1634 J. Levett Ordering of Bees 61 Some hold the Drone to be the Male, and the Bee the female, and that they ingender by copulation.

1698 E. Ward Trip to Ireland 10 A Race of Spanish Gennets, that are said to engender by the Wind, or a brood of Cameleons that seed upon Air.

1806 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 2 122 They grow, they ripen, they engender by the same law by which they themselves were engendered.

1858 Encycl. Brit. XV. 335/1 The two oblong bodies..have been regarded as ovaria; but they are more properly a ‘proliferous stolon’, engendering by independent force, or independently of direct impregnation.

1997 H. Davies In Valley this Restless Mind 31 Yet still we say why? Why procreate to die? Is this great question wrong eternally, Should rather say: not to engender Is to never be?

a. intransitive. To copulate; to have sexual intercourse. Frequently with with. Also figurative. Now literary or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity [verb (intransitive)] > have sexual intercourse

playOE

to do (also work) one's kindc1225

bedc1315

couple1362

gendera1382

to go togetherc1390

to come togethera1398

meddlea1398

felterc1400

companya1425

swivec1440

japea1450

mellc1450

to have to do with (also mid, of, on)1474

engender1483

fuck?a1513

conversec1540

jostlec1540

confederate1557

coeate1576

jumble1582

mate1589

do1594

conjoin1597

grind1598

consortc1600

pair1603

to dance (a dance) between a pair of sheets1608

commix1610

cock1611

nibble1611

wap1611

bolstera1616

incorporate1622

truck1622

subagitate1623

occupya1626

minglec1630

copulate1632

fere1632

rut1637

joust1639

fanfreluche1653

carnalize1703

screw1725

pump1730

correspond1756

shag1770

hump1785

conjugate1790

diddle1879

to get some1889

fuckeec1890

jig-a-jig1896

perform1902

rabbit1919

jazz1920

sex1921

root1922

yentz1923

to make love1927

rock1931

mollock1932

to make (beautiful) music (together)1936

sleep1936

bang1937

lumber1938

to hop into bed (with)1951

to make out1951

ball1955

score1960

trick1965

to have it away1966

to roll in the hay1966

to get down1967

poontang1968

pork1968

shtup1969

shack1976

bonk1984

boink1985

the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity with [verb (transitive)] > have sexual intercourse with

mingeOE

haveOE

knowc1175

ofliec1275

to lie with (or by)a1300

knowledgec1300

meetc1330

beliea1350

yknowc1350

touchc1384

deala1387

dightc1386

usea1387

takec1390

commona1400

to meet witha1400

servea1400

occupy?a1475

engender1483

jangle1488

to be busy with1525

to come in1530

visitc1540

niggle1567

mow1568

to mix one's thigh with1593

do1594

grind1598

pepper1600

yark1600

tumble1603

to taste of1607

compressc1611

jumble1611

mix?1614

consort?1615

tastea1616

bumfiddle1630

ingressa1631

sheet1637

carnal1643

night-work1654

bump1669

bumble1680

frig?c1680

fuck1707

stick1707

screw1719

soil1722

to do over1730

shag1770

hump1785

subagitatec1830

diddle1879

to give (someone) onec1882

charver1889

fuckeec1890

plugc1890

dick1892

to make a baby1911

to know (a person) in the biblical sense1912

jazz1920

rock1922

yentz1924

roll1926

to make love1927

shtupa1934

to give (or get) a tumble1934

shack1935

bang1937

to have it off1937

rump1937

tom1949

to hop into bed (with)1951

ball1955

to make it1957

plank1958

score1960

naughty1961

pull1965

pleasurea1967

to have away1968

to have off1968

dork1970

shaft1970

bonk1975

knob1984

boink1985

fand-

1483 Gower's Confessio Amantis (Caxton) Contents sig. iij/2 How tyresyas for departyng of two serpentes engendryng was transformed in to a woman.

1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes 213 Thei ingendered with spirites, & brought furth l. Giauntes.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 127 The Camell..engendreth backward, as the Elephantes.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1316 Many..say, that the male wezill engendreth with the female by her eare, and that she bringeth forth her yoong at the mouth.

a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) iii. 45 His goodness has gone backward, and ingendred With his old sins again.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 794 And in embraces forcible and foule Ingendring with me.

1717 W. Taverner Artful Husband (new ed.) v. ii. 60 Will a Dove engender with a Snake?

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 194 With the wild boar..they are never known to engender.

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1828) III. xxxviii. 25 That Insecta engender only once in the course of their lives.

1900 C. T. Winchester Some Princ. Lit. Crit. iii. 83 As to the real Conrads and Laras, how they love, and engender, and adulterize..is no earthly matter to us.

1992 Stud. Romanticism 31 330 Voltaire's Semiramis,..by engendering with her own son, will secure her tyranny by dispensing with anything male except what her own body has created.

†b. transitive. To couple (one thing) with another. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i. 76 By engendering the church with the state.

II. To give rise to or bring into existence.

a. transitive. To produce, generate, or give rise to (an object, substance, etc.) by natural processes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > produce or bring forth > yield or produce naturally

fruita1382

engendera1393

breeda1398

gendera1398

yielda1400

proferc1425

to bring out1545

generate1563

produce1585

brooda1625

to send forth1626

propagate1699

pan1873

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 281 The ferste Periferie of alle Engendreth Myst and overmore The dewes and the Frostes hore.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xv. cxlix. 811 And in þe see of Scicilia is white coral engendrede.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 4 Whan that Aueryll w^t his shoures soote..hath..bathed euery veyne in swich lycour Of which vertu engendred is the flour.

c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 145 (MED) In alle times she dooth bisinesse to sette bras and yren to brode for to engendre oother poudre.

1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India Ded. sig. aav Golde..is engendred almost in al regions neare vnto the Æquinoctial line.

1580 T. Newton Approoued Med. f. 48 This Hearbe eaten engendreth euill humors, and winde.

1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 289 Those brookes..doe ingendre the riuer Stowre.

1653 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 144 To..clense the Kidnies from Gravel or Stones ingendered in them.

1671 J. Webster Metallographia xiii. 202 The ground and soil of this Mountain..neither ingenders, nor brings forth any fruit, grass, nor grain.

1724 J. Kelly Mod. Navigator's Compl. Tutor iii. 68 Small scattering Clouds in the S.W. that fly high..engender Winds.

1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 237 Others resemble the onyx, being engendered of black and thick humours.

1836 C. C. Bury Devoted I. viii. 190 The steaming richness that engenders fungus.

1863 J. Tyndall Heat i. §10 The heat engendered by the friction.

1921 A. Huxley Crome Yellow xix. 190 Sir Julius..suffered from the delusion that his perspiration engendered flies; it drove him finally to suicide.

1999 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 27 Jan. f1 The trees were encrusted with moss and lichen engendered by 90 inches of rain in five months.

†b. transitive. To contract or develop (a disease or medical disorder). Cf. earlier sense 7a. Obsolete.In cases where a disease or medical disorder is the object of engender, the verb is usually used in sense 6b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > cause to be ill [verb (transitive)] > catch illness

catcha1393

enticec1400

engender1525

get1527

to take up1629

to come down1837

to pick up1889

start1891

to go down1895

1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. clxxxviii. 575 They answered howe the kyng of longe tyme had engendred the same malady.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 192 When Italians..eate any quantity thereof, they presently fall into the bloudy fluse, or else ingender some other pestilentious fever.

1848 G. B. Wilkinson S. Austral. v. 124 Many persons almost live in the open air,..but without engendering sickness.

1889 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 12 Oct. 509/1 A young infant fed on cow's milk should have the bottle every three or four hours, so that it will not, by becoming very hungry, take too much at a time and thereby engender indigestion.

a. transitive. To give rise to (a state of affairs, feeling, condition, etc.); to cause people to feel (a particular emotion).Now the usual sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > give rise to

makeOE

breedc1200

wakea1325

wakenc1330

engendera1393

gendera1398

raisea1400

begetc1443

reara1513

ingener1513

ingenerate1528

to stir upc1530

yield1576

to pull ona1586

to brood up1586

to set afloat (on float)1586

spawn1594

innate1602

initiate1604

inbreed1605

irritate1612

to give rise to1630

to let in1655

to gig (out)1659

to set up1851

gin1887

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 3176 (MED) Charite..makth a mannes herte tendre, That it mai no malice engendre.

c1440 (?c1350) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 49 (MED) Swylke manere of contemplacione Engendyrs in man Faste trouthe.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) vi. 71 Our mekle syk hamelynes engenderis lichtlynes and vilipensioun of princis, and nurisis and engenderis dispite.

1543 R. Record Ground of Artes f. 98^v The quotient wyll show you the nomber that engendreth the progression.

1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. viii. xii. 355 Whereby he should also ingender perpetuall hatred between the King and him.

1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 124 These similitudes..ingender truth.

1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond Misc. Ess. 296 Immoderate Study engenders a grossness in the Mind.

1700 R. Eyre Sinner a Traitor 8 Pride and Ambition, and Worldly-mindedness, are apt to whet up the angry Passions of Men, to ingender Strife and Envying amongst them.

1752 D. Hume Polit. Disc. vii. 118 Taxes..when carried too far, destroy industry, by engendring despair.

1834 Pearl & Lit. Gaz. 1 Feb. 105/1 This engenders a spirit of intrigue which is at this moment stalking boldly forth in the high places of the land.

1875 H. P. Kimball Let. 1 July in Hist. Winnebago County (1877) 291 Gradually have the jealousies and animosities engendered by so severe a contest died away.

1951 L. P. Hartley My Fellow Devils iv. 26 Yet how could she regret it when she and Nick had been brought together by the warmth of feeling it engendered?

1997 New Scientist 22 Nov. 25/3 The world's superdams..have engendered huge controversy over their human and environmental impacts.

2017 Irish Times (Nexis) 27 May 15 Proximity and mutual dependence do not seem to have engendered trust; rather the opposite.

b. transitive. To cause a person or animal to develop (sickness, a disease, or medical disorder). Now somewhat archaic.

ΚΠ

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 289 (MED) If þe blood is gret & fleumatik, þan it wole engendre ficus [in þe ers].

?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 3 When þe cure of þat sekenes schulde engendre a worse sekenesse.

1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature f. 72 Persley..engendreth in vs the falling sicknesse.

1619 W. Cowper Pathmos vii. 340 Extreme heate of the Sun engendreth many diseases.

1715 tr. Cicero Tusculan Disputations iv. 153 When the Phlegm or the Choler redounds, Distempers and Diseases are engendered in the Body.

1868 Rep. Condition Poorer Classes Edinb. 254 Germs which, inhaled, and entering the blood, engender diseases in the body.

1894 Westm. Rev. Feb. 172 When such habits engender gout and rheumatism and consumption and heart-disease, the sufferers have to bear their pains.

1930 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 13 Sept. 436/1 When the non-sporers are killed by chlorine the sporing germs survive alone and engender speculative fever!

1995 Traditio 50 313 Superfluities or residues engender diseases and exacerbate their causes.

III. To come into existence, arise.

†7.

a. intransitive. Of a disease or medical disorder: to arise or develop in the body. Cf. sense 5b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > become diseased [verb (intransitive)] > arise

waxc1000

engenderc1405

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 423 He knew the cause of euery maladye..And where it engendred.

1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. C iij b The colike..ingendreth in a gutte named colon.

1653 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 62 To cause the stone not to ingender.

1813 E. S. Barrett Heroine III. xxxix. 248 The disorder which had long been engendering in my frame, now burst forth, with sudden vehemence.

b. intransitive. gen. To be produced or created by natural processes; to form, develop, grow. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > [verb (intransitive)] > come into existence

awakenc885

waxc888

arisec950

beOE

comeOE

aspringc1000

atspringOE

growOE

to come upOE

inrisea1300

breedc1385

upspringc1386

takec1391

to come in?c1430

engender?1440

uprise1471

braird?a1500

risea1513

insurde1521

insurge1523

spring1538

to start up1568

exsurge1578

upstart1580

become1605

born1609

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 308 For causis pestilent Engendereth ther & wormes violent.

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 5^v The Cristall..engendreth not so much of the waters coldenesse.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lxx. 104 Fleas will not come nor ingender where it [sc. Fleabane] is layed.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World ii. xxiii. l. 14 That height..wherein..clouds doe engender.

a1618 W. Raleigh Instr. to Sonne (1651) ix. 24 As the worm that engendereth in the Kernel of the Nut.

1693 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Metamorphoses i, in Examen Poeticum sig. B4 Thick Clouds are spread, and Storms engender there.

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 44 a Damp that may happen to engender or gather under ground.

1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 94 Bats will engender in thy belly.

8. intransitive. Of a feeling, condition, or situation: to begin to exist; to emerge, arise, become apparent. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccccviii. 710 Thus ther engendred hatred dayly bytwene Fraunce and Flaunders.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 122^v Luff ingendrith with ioye as in a iust sawle.

1651 J. Howell S.P.Q.V. 195 An illfavourd black cloud began to engender against her in the Levant.

a1771 T. Smollett Plays & Poems (1777) 219 Unnumber'd woes engender in the breast That entertains the rude, ungrateful guest.

1865 J. W. Draper Intell. Devel. Europe xx. 471 In Italy..a dismal disbelief was silently engendering.

1962 Poetry 100 178 Deep in the season of the inland rains I felt new wealth engendering in me.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	engender
释义	† engendern. Forms: late Middle English engendre, 1500s engender, 1500s–1600s ingender. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: engender v. Etymology: Apparently < engender v. Compare Middle French engendre (family) origin (a1400), action of engendering (c1450), both rare.Quot. a1500 may alternatively show a different (trisyllabic) word, borrowed < Anglo-Norman and Middle French engendree progeny, action of engendering (both 12th cent. in Old French). Obsolete. Offspring or produce. Also: the action of begetting or producing; procreation; production. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun] > offspring seedOE offspringOE begottena1325 birtha1325 issuea1325 burgeoninga1340 fruit of the loinsa1340 young onec1384 increasement1389 geta1400 gendera1425 procreation1461 progeniturec1487 engendera1500 propagation1536 feture1537 increase1552 breed1574 spawn1590 bowela1593 teeming1599 pullulation1641 prolifications1646 educt1677 produce1823 the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun] i-streonc893 strainc950 akennessOE spreadingOE upspringc1000 akenningOE akennednessOE strainc1175 streningc1230 begetc1330 begettingc1330 engendrurec1350 generationa1382 gettinga1382 genderingc1384 multiplicationa1387 increase1390 prolificationa1393 procreationc1395 engenderinga1400 gendrure?a1400 engendure?a1425 progeniturec1429 propagation?1440 teemingc1450 breeda1500 geniturea1500 engenderment1507 progeneration1548 fathering1549 engender1556 race1561 multiplying1599 pullulation1641 progermination1648 reproduction1713 face-making1785 baby-making1827 begettal1864 fertility1866 a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 99 (MED) And yf it fall, by auenture, þat þe engenderours of þe engendre [L. genitus] lere hym any craft. 1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie xxix. 17 To know his grandam butterflise estate, With all vncles and auntes, of their engender. 1646 R. Crashaw Steps to Temple 128 From th' rising Sunne, obtaining by just Suit, A Springs Ingender, and an Autumnes Fruit. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online September 2021). engenderv. Brit. /ᵻnˈdʒɛndə/, /ɛnˈdʒɛndə/, U.S. /ᵻnˈdʒɛndər/, /ɛnˈdʒɛndər/ Forms: Middle English engendyr, Middle English–1500s engendre, Middle English–1700s ingender, Middle English–1800s engender, late Middle English (in a late copy) 1500s–1600s ingendre. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French engendrer. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French engendrer (French engendrer ) to beget, father (12th cent.), to give birth (13th cent. or earlier), to produce offspring (beginning of the 14th cent. or earlier), to produce, give rise to, to cause (both 14th cent.), to conceive (a1481), (reflexive) to come into existence (14th cent.) < classical Latin ingenerāre ingenerate v.Compare Old Occitan engenrar , Catalan engendrar (14th cent.), Spanish engendrar (13th cent.), Portuguese engendrar (14th cent.), Italian ingenerare (13th cent.). With forms in in- compare discussion at en- prefix¹. I. To produce (offspring), to procreate, and related senses. 1. Now literary or archaic. a. transitive. To bring (a child) into existence by the process of reproduction; to produce (offspring), to have (children). Formerly often in passive with between, betwixt, of: to be the child or offspring of; to be descended from.Typically with the parents or progenitors as the subject, but in early use often also with reference to ancestors more generally (e.g. quots. a1393, c1550). Sometimes in extended use with places, times, conditions, etc., as subject (e.g. quot. 1814). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > give existence to living things breeda1250 engendera1325 ingener1513 the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (transitive)] kenc825 begeteOE strenec893 raisec1175 breeda1250 kenec1275 felefolda1300 engendera1325 tiddera1325 multiplyc1350 genderc1384 producea1513 procreatea1525 propagate1535 generate1552 product1577 kind1596 traduce1599 pullulate1602 traduct1604 progenerate1611 store1611 spawna1616 spawna1617 reproduce1650 propage1695 to make a baby1911 a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vii. 28 Wan ani man ȝif his londe to ani man ant to his wif, ant to þe heires of þilke man ant of þulke womman engendrede, her is adioined condicion. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 137 (MED) The Patriarkes tuelve, Of whom..The tribes tuelve..Engendred were. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xi. l. 215 A rybaud þei engendrede and a gome vnryghtful. 1480 Higden's Discripcion Brit. (Caxton) xxiv Men of religion eteth bernacles on fastingdayes because they ben not engendrid with flessh. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) 1 Illustir princes engendrit of magnanime genoligie. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 125^v Of the shee Asse, & the Horse, is engendred the shee Moyle. 1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum i. 232 For what hath man deserved, why his parents should ingender him such, or such? 1725 M. Davys Lady's Tale in Wks. II. 126 Nature..had made the thing look like a Creature engender'd betwixt a Monkey and a Dutch Mastiff. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision I. iii. 12 The human kind, the place, the time, and seed, That did engender them and give them birth. 1867 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 10) I. ii. 16 After the first imperfect and short-lived creatures had been engendered in slime, an advance took place. 1948 A. Ginsberg in Columbia Rev. May 5 I, enragèd creature, anciently Engendered here, cried out upon mine Image. 2016 J. Colapinto Undone xi Jasper..would have had a mighty struggle to accept into their home a child she had engendered with an ex-lover. b. transitive. Of a male parent: to beget (a child or offspring); to father; to sire. Formerly often with prepositional phrase introduced by on, upon indicating the mother.In quot. a1856 as part of an extended metaphor. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (transitive)] > beget sowc1250 getc1300 begeta1325 engenderc1330 conceivec1350 makea1382 wina1400 fathera1425 rutc1450 tread1594 sirea1616 engraff1864 c1330 Short Metrical Chron. (Auch.) l. 343 in PMLA (1931) 46 121/2 (MED) Þe fende of helle..engenderd þo on hem Geauntes þat wer strong men. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 28 Thanne sholde he take a yong wyf and a feir On which he myghte engendren hym an heir. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 146 Of his sone Chuse was engendred Membroth the geaunt. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 103 The one espoused that other And engendryd on her a doughter. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) x. Prol. 42 The Fader..Hys only Son engendris evirmor. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 625 The sayde Richarde was espoused to Lady Alice..of which woman he engendered Richard, John and George. 1602 S. Patrick tr. J. de Hainault Estate of Church 375 Som say also he engendred vpon a Concubine of his a bastard, whose haire and nailes were like a Beares. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxvii. 233 When a man..engenders his like..it is no Miracle. 1705 N. Rowe Biter iii. i. 55 Cou'd the right worshipful and most sincere, my Friend, Sir Peter Pinch , a Man of his most categorical Principles, engender a Biter! 1796 F. Jeffrey in Ld. H. Cockburn Life Ld. Jeffrey (1853) II. xiii I haue to seek out some angelic partner, and engender a dozen or two of children. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) II. xxxix. 394 Mr. Hume patronized the opinion, that the notion of causality is the offspring of experience engendered upon custom. 1892 A. Austin Fortunatus Pessimist i. iv. 66 For such a sire to engender such a daughter, Congenitally noble, gentle, wise, Is within nature's narrow competence. 1925 Amer. Mercury Dec. 451/1 How could they have seen in him the father of the Higher Illiteracy, destined to engender a horrid progeny of..versifiers? 2005 J. M. Coetzee Slow Man vii. 45 Or he could locate some fertile young woman, and marry her or pay her or otherwise induce her to permit him to engender, or try to engender, a male child in her womb. c. transitive. Of a female parent: to conceive, bear, or give birth to (a child or offspring).In quot. c1450 as part of an extended metaphor; cf. sense 5a. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > confine or deliver [verb (transitive)] > give birth forthbring971 akenOE haveOE bearOE to bring into the worldOE teemOE i-bereOE to bring forthc1175 childc1175 reara1275 ofkenc1275 hatcha1350 makea1382 yielda1400 cleck1401 issue1447 engenderc1450 infant1483 deliver?a1518 whelp1581 world1596 yean1598 fall1600 to give (a person or thing) birth1615 to give birth to1633 drop1662 pup1699 born1703 to throw off1742 beteem1855 birth1855 parturiate1866 shell1890 to put to bed1973 bring- c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) l. 587 Ȝe were alle..bred of þat modur Þat is stable to stonde and stonus engendreþ, And þe erþe is called. 1517 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) iv. 24 Seuen doughters..she hadde well engendred. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. iii. 70 O Error soone conceyu'd, Thou..kil'st the Mother that engendred thee. View more context for this quotation 1683 Britanniæ Speculum 57 The Father and Mother, and simply those that beget and ingender do..rule over all their Children. 1707 tr. N. de Venette Myst. Conjugal Love reveal'd (ed. 2) iii. v. 371 Here a question may be started, whether a Woman can engender a Mola or false Conception, without being caressed by a Man. 1880 W. James in Atlantic Monthly Oct. 449/2 Does he mean to say that if the aforesaid W. Shakespeare had died of cholera infantum, another mother at Stratford-upon-Avon would needs have engendered a duplicate copy of him, to restore the sociologic equilibrium? 1920 Open Court Oct. 611 According to some, Hera (Juno) engendered Ares (Mars)..by smelling or touching a certain flower. 2016 C. Shrank in R. Copeland Oxf. Hist. Classical Reception in Eng. Lit. I. xxvii. 588 Much of the poem is spoken by the mother, on the verge of consuming the child that she has engendered and nurtured. 2. transitive. Theology. Of God the Father, as First Person of the Trinity: to generate (the Son, as Second Person). Cf. beget v. 2b(a). ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > [verb (transitive)] > beget (Christ) begetc1350 engenderc1350 c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 134 (MED) Þe sone [sc. Jesus] hys of þe fader alone Engendred, nauȝt ymad of mone. c1450 (?c1400) tr. Honorius Augustodunensis Elucidarium (1909) 2 (MED) For as brighte schynyng of þe sonne is engendrid..in þe sonne, so is þe sone engendred of þe fadir. 1592 E. Smyth tr. J. de L'Espine Disc. touching Tranquilitie vi. 137 They demaund what God did before he made the world? howe the Father in one and the selfe same instant ingendred the Sonne. 1642 Warning Peece for London 41 I beleeve in..our Lord Iesus Christ, the onely son engendred by God the Father before the constitution of the world. 1796 J. Morony Serm. & Exhort. I. 127 As the Father engendered the Son, so the works of power and creation are attributed to the Father. 1877 R. Willis Servetus & Calvin xvi. 174 He imagines Christ to have been engendered by God. 2007 F. A. Murphy tr. G. Emery Trinitarian Theol. of St. Thomas Aquinas (2010) viii. 169 What distinguishes the Son from him [sc. the Father] is that he is engendered by the Father. 3. intransitive. To produce offspring; to procreate, reproduce. Now literary or archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (intransitive)] teemOE tidderOE breedc1200 felefolda1300 fructifya1325 creasec1380 multiplyc1390 engendera1400 fawn1481 procreate1576 propagate1601 generate1605 spawn1607 pullulate1618 populate1625 reproduce1650 prolify1660 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 174 (MED) [God] made ballokis as it was necessarie, & ȝaf hem schap & complexioun for to engendre. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Monk's Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 70 Oure heires beth so sklendre And feble þ^t they may nat wel engendre. a1450 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 840 Than wille folkes..expresse Thow art ympotent tengendre yn thi degre. 1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. C2 Let him neuer looke to ingender by the mouth, as rauens and doues doe, that is, mount or be great by vndermining. 1634 J. Levett Ordering of Bees 61 Some hold the Drone to be the Male, and the Bee the female, and that they ingender by copulation. 1698 E. Ward Trip to Ireland 10 A Race of Spanish Gennets, that are said to engender by the Wind, or a brood of Cameleons that seed upon Air. 1806 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 2 122 They grow, they ripen, they engender by the same law by which they themselves were engendered. 1858 Encycl. Brit. XV. 335/1 The two oblong bodies..have been regarded as ovaria; but they are more properly a ‘proliferous stolon’, engendering by independent force, or independently of direct impregnation. 1997 H. Davies In Valley this Restless Mind 31 Yet still we say why? Why procreate to die? Is this great question wrong eternally, Should rather say: not to engender Is to never be? 4. a. intransitive. To copulate; to have sexual intercourse. Frequently with with. Also figurative. Now literary or archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity [verb (intransitive)] > have sexual intercourse playOE to do (also work) one's kindc1225 bedc1315 couple1362 gendera1382 to go togetherc1390 to come togethera1398 meddlea1398 felterc1400 companya1425 swivec1440 japea1450 mellc1450 to have to do with (also mid, of, on)1474 engender1483 fuck?a1513 conversec1540 jostlec1540 confederate1557 coeate1576 jumble1582 mate1589 do1594 conjoin1597 grind1598 consortc1600 pair1603 to dance (a dance) between a pair of sheets1608 commix1610 cock1611 nibble1611 wap1611 bolstera1616 incorporate1622 truck1622 subagitate1623 occupya1626 minglec1630 copulate1632 fere1632 rut1637 joust1639 fanfreluche1653 carnalize1703 screw1725 pump1730 correspond1756 shag1770 hump1785 conjugate1790 diddle1879 to get some1889 fuckeec1890 jig-a-jig1896 perform1902 rabbit1919 jazz1920 sex1921 root1922 yentz1923 to make love1927 rock1931 mollock1932 to make (beautiful) music (together)1936 sleep1936 bang1937 lumber1938 to hop into bed (with)1951 to make out1951 ball1955 score1960 trick1965 to have it away1966 to roll in the hay1966 to get down1967 poontang1968 pork1968 shtup1969 shack1976 bonk1984 boink1985 the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity with [verb (transitive)] > have sexual intercourse with mingeOE haveOE knowc1175 ofliec1275 to lie with (or by)a1300 knowledgec1300 meetc1330 beliea1350 yknowc1350 touchc1384 deala1387 dightc1386 usea1387 takec1390 commona1400 to meet witha1400 servea1400 occupy?a1475 engender1483 jangle1488 to be busy with1525 to come in1530 visitc1540 niggle1567 mow1568 to mix one's thigh with1593 do1594 grind1598 pepper1600 yark1600 tumble1603 to taste of1607 compressc1611 jumble1611 mix?1614 consort?1615 tastea1616 bumfiddle1630 ingressa1631 sheet1637 carnal1643 night-work1654 bump1669 bumble1680 frig?c1680 fuck1707 stick1707 screw1719 soil1722 to do over1730 shag1770 hump1785 subagitatec1830 diddle1879 to give (someone) onec1882 charver1889 fuckeec1890 plugc1890 dick1892 to make a baby1911 to know (a person) in the biblical sense1912 jazz1920 rock1922 yentz1924 roll1926 to make love1927 shtupa1934 to give (or get) a tumble1934 shack1935 bang1937 to have it off1937 rump1937 tom1949 to hop into bed (with)1951 ball1955 to make it1957 plank1958 score1960 naughty1961 pull1965 pleasurea1967 to have away1968 to have off1968 dork1970 shaft1970 bonk1975 knob1984 boink1985 fand- 1483 Gower's Confessio Amantis (Caxton) Contents sig. iij/2 How tyresyas for departyng of two serpentes engendryng was transformed in to a woman. 1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes 213 Thei ingendered with spirites, & brought furth l. Giauntes. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 127 The Camell..engendreth backward, as the Elephantes. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1316 Many..say, that the male wezill engendreth with the female by her eare, and that she bringeth forth her yoong at the mouth. a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) iii. 45 His goodness has gone backward, and ingendred With his old sins again. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 794 And in embraces forcible and foule Ingendring with me. View more context for this quotation 1717 W. Taverner Artful Husband (new ed.) v. ii. 60 Will a Dove engender with a Snake? 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 194 With the wild boar..they are never known to engender. 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1828) III. xxxviii. 25 That Insecta engender only once in the course of their lives. 1900 C. T. Winchester Some Princ. Lit. Crit. iii. 83 As to the real Conrads and Laras, how they love, and engender, and adulterize..is no earthly matter to us. 1992 Stud. Romanticism 31 330 Voltaire's Semiramis,..by engendering with her own son, will secure her tyranny by dispensing with anything male except what her own body has created. †b. transitive. To couple (one thing) with another. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i. 76 By engendering the church with the state. II. To give rise to or bring into existence. 5. a. transitive. To produce, generate, or give rise to (an object, substance, etc.) by natural processes. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > produce or bring forth > yield or produce naturally fruita1382 engendera1393 breeda1398 gendera1398 yielda1400 proferc1425 to bring out1545 generate1563 produce1585 brooda1625 to send forth1626 propagate1699 pan1873 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 281 The ferste Periferie of alle Engendreth Myst and overmore The dewes and the Frostes hore. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xv. cxlix. 811 And in þe see of Scicilia is white coral engendrede. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 4 Whan that Aueryll w^t his shoures soote..hath..bathed euery veyne in swich lycour Of which vertu engendred is the flour. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 145 (MED) In alle times she dooth bisinesse to sette bras and yren to brode for to engendre oother poudre. 1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India Ded. sig. aav Golde..is engendred almost in al regions neare vnto the Æquinoctial line. 1580 T. Newton Approoued Med. f. 48 This Hearbe eaten engendreth euill humors, and winde. 1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 289 Those brookes..doe ingendre the riuer Stowre. 1653 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 144 To..clense the Kidnies from Gravel or Stones ingendered in them. 1671 J. Webster Metallographia xiii. 202 The ground and soil of this Mountain..neither ingenders, nor brings forth any fruit, grass, nor grain. 1724 J. Kelly Mod. Navigator's Compl. Tutor iii. 68 Small scattering Clouds in the S.W. that fly high..engender Winds. 1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 237 Others resemble the onyx, being engendered of black and thick humours. 1836 C. C. Bury Devoted I. viii. 190 The steaming richness that engenders fungus. 1863 J. Tyndall Heat i. §10 The heat engendered by the friction. 1921 A. Huxley Crome Yellow xix. 190 Sir Julius..suffered from the delusion that his perspiration engendered flies; it drove him finally to suicide. 1999 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 27 Jan. f1 The trees were encrusted with moss and lichen engendered by 90 inches of rain in five months. †b. transitive. To contract or develop (a disease or medical disorder). Cf. earlier sense 7a. Obsolete.In cases where a disease or medical disorder is the object of engender, the verb is usually used in sense 6b. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > cause to be ill [verb (transitive)] > catch illness catcha1393 enticec1400 engender1525 get1527 to take up1629 to come down1837 to pick up1889 start1891 to go down1895 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. clxxxviii. 575 They answered howe the kyng of longe tyme had engendred the same malady. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 192 When Italians..eate any quantity thereof, they presently fall into the bloudy fluse, or else ingender some other pestilentious fever. 1848 G. B. Wilkinson S. Austral. v. 124 Many persons almost live in the open air,..but without engendering sickness. 1889 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 12 Oct. 509/1 A young infant fed on cow's milk should have the bottle every three or four hours, so that it will not, by becoming very hungry, take too much at a time and thereby engender indigestion. 6. a. transitive. To give rise to (a state of affairs, feeling, condition, etc.); to cause people to feel (a particular emotion).Now the usual sense. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > give rise to makeOE breedc1200 wakea1325 wakenc1330 engendera1393 gendera1398 raisea1400 begetc1443 reara1513 ingener1513 ingenerate1528 to stir upc1530 yield1576 to pull ona1586 to brood up1586 to set afloat (on float)1586 spawn1594 innate1602 initiate1604 inbreed1605 irritate1612 to give rise to1630 to let in1655 to gig (out)1659 to set up1851 gin1887 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 3176 (MED) Charite..makth a mannes herte tendre, That it mai no malice engendre. c1440 (?c1350) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 49 (MED) Swylke manere of contemplacione Engendyrs in man Faste trouthe. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) vi. 71 Our mekle syk hamelynes engenderis lichtlynes and vilipensioun of princis, and nurisis and engenderis dispite. 1543 R. Record Ground of Artes f. 98^v The quotient wyll show you the nomber that engendreth the progression. 1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. viii. xii. 355 Whereby he should also ingender perpetuall hatred between the King and him. 1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 124 These similitudes..ingender truth. 1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond Misc. Ess. 296 Immoderate Study engenders a grossness in the Mind. 1700 R. Eyre Sinner a Traitor 8 Pride and Ambition, and Worldly-mindedness, are apt to whet up the angry Passions of Men, to ingender Strife and Envying amongst them. 1752 D. Hume Polit. Disc. vii. 118 Taxes..when carried too far, destroy industry, by engendring despair. 1834 Pearl & Lit. Gaz. 1 Feb. 105/1 This engenders a spirit of intrigue which is at this moment stalking boldly forth in the high places of the land. 1875 H. P. Kimball Let. 1 July in Hist. Winnebago County (1877) 291 Gradually have the jealousies and animosities engendered by so severe a contest died away. 1951 L. P. Hartley My Fellow Devils iv. 26 Yet how could she regret it when she and Nick had been brought together by the warmth of feeling it engendered? 1997 New Scientist 22 Nov. 25/3 The world's superdams..have engendered huge controversy over their human and environmental impacts. 2017 Irish Times (Nexis) 27 May 15 Proximity and mutual dependence do not seem to have engendered trust; rather the opposite. b. transitive. To cause a person or animal to develop (sickness, a disease, or medical disorder). Now somewhat archaic. ΚΠ a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 289 (MED) If þe blood is gret & fleumatik, þan it wole engendre ficus [in þe ers]. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 3 When þe cure of þat sekenes schulde engendre a worse sekenesse. 1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature f. 72 Persley..engendreth in vs the falling sicknesse. 1619 W. Cowper Pathmos vii. 340 Extreme heate of the Sun engendreth many diseases. 1715 tr. Cicero Tusculan Disputations iv. 153 When the Phlegm or the Choler redounds, Distempers and Diseases are engendered in the Body. 1868 Rep. Condition Poorer Classes Edinb. 254 Germs which, inhaled, and entering the blood, engender diseases in the body. 1894 Westm. Rev. Feb. 172 When such habits engender gout and rheumatism and consumption and heart-disease, the sufferers have to bear their pains. 1930 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 13 Sept. 436/1 When the non-sporers are killed by chlorine the sporing germs survive alone and engender speculative fever! 1995 Traditio 50 313 Superfluities or residues engender diseases and exacerbate their causes. III. To come into existence, arise. †7. a. intransitive. Of a disease or medical disorder: to arise or develop in the body. Cf. sense 5b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > become diseased [verb (intransitive)] > arise waxc1000 engenderc1405 c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 423 He knew the cause of euery maladye..And where it engendred. 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. C iij b The colike..ingendreth in a gutte named colon. 1653 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 62 To cause the stone not to ingender. 1813 E. S. Barrett Heroine III. xxxix. 248 The disorder which had long been engendering in my frame, now burst forth, with sudden vehemence. b. intransitive. gen. To be produced or created by natural processes; to form, develop, grow. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > [verb (intransitive)] > come into existence awakenc885 waxc888 arisec950 beOE comeOE aspringc1000 atspringOE growOE to come upOE inrisea1300 breedc1385 upspringc1386 takec1391 to come in?c1430 engender?1440 uprise1471 braird?a1500 risea1513 insurde1521 insurge1523 spring1538 to start up1568 exsurge1578 upstart1580 become1605 born1609 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 308 For causis pestilent Engendereth ther & wormes violent. 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 5^v The Cristall..engendreth not so much of the waters coldenesse. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lxx. 104 Fleas will not come nor ingender where it [sc. Fleabane] is layed. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World ii. xxiii. l. 14 That height..wherein..clouds doe engender. a1618 W. Raleigh Instr. to Sonne (1651) ix. 24 As the worm that engendereth in the Kernel of the Nut. 1693 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Metamorphoses i, in Examen Poeticum sig. B4 Thick Clouds are spread, and Storms engender there. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 44 a Damp that may happen to engender or gather under ground. 1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 94 Bats will engender in thy belly. 8. intransitive. Of a feeling, condition, or situation: to begin to exist; to emerge, arise, become apparent. Now rare. ΚΠ 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccccviii. 710 Thus ther engendred hatred dayly bytwene Fraunce and Flaunders. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 122^v Luff ingendrith with ioye as in a iust sawle. 1651 J. Howell S.P.Q.V. 195 An illfavourd black cloud began to engender against her in the Levant. a1771 T. Smollett Plays & Poems (1777) 219 Unnumber'd woes engender in the breast That entertains the rude, ungrateful guest. 1865 J. W. Draper Intell. Devel. Europe xx. 471 In Italy..a dismal disbelief was silently engendering. 1962 Poetry 100 178 Deep in the season of the inland rains I felt new wealth engendering in me. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1500v.a1325
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† engendern.

engenderv.