'emselfpron.

Brit.

/əmˈsɛlf/, U.S.

/əmˈsɛlf/

Forms: (Word division in Old and Middle English examples frequently reflects editorial choices of modern editors of texts, rather than the practice of the manuscripts.) Old English heom selfen, Old English heom seolfan, Old English heom silfum, Old English heom sylfan, Old English heom sylfon, Old English him selfe, Old English himselfum, Old English him selfum, Old English him seluum (rare), Old English him seolfa (in transcript of lost MS), Old English himseolfe, Old English him seolfum, Old English him silfum, Old English himsylfan, Old English him sylfan, Old English him sylfon, Old English him sylfum, Old English him syluum, Old English hym sylfan, Old English hym sylfe, Old English hym sylfum, Old English (early Middle English west midlands) heom sylfe, Old English (perhaps transmission error) Middle English heom sylf, Old English–early Middle English heom sylfum, Old English–early Middle English him sylfe, late Old English hem self, late Old English heom selfum, late Old English heom sylfen, late Old English heom sylfen, late Old English heon selfum, late Old English hym silfum, early Middle English ȝam-seolf (south-western), early Middle English ȝam-seolue (south-western), early Middle English ȝam seolue (south-western), early Middle English hamseolf (south-west midlands), early Middle English ham seolf (south-west midlands), early Middle English hamseolfen (south-west midlands), early Middle English ham seolfen (south-west midlands), early Middle English ham-seolue (south-western), early Middle English ham seolue (south-western and south-west midlands), early Middle English ham seoluen (south-west midlands), early Middle English ham-sulf (south-western), early Middle English hamsulfen (south-west midlands), early Middle English ham suluen (south-west midlands), early Middle English hemm sellf ( Ormulum), early Middle English hemm sellfenn ( Ormulum, inflected form), early Middle English hem-sulue (south-western), early Middle English heomsælf, early Middle English heom-seoleuen (south-west midlands), early Middle English heom-seolf (south-western), early Middle English heom seolf (west midlands), early Middle English heom seolfe (south-west midlands), early Middle English heom-seoluan (south-west midlands), early Middle English heom-seolue (south-west midlands), early Middle English heom-seoluen (south-west midlands), early Middle English heom seoluen (south-west midlands), early Middle English heom silf (in copy of Old English charter), early Middle English heom soluen (south-west midlands), early Middle English heom-sulf (south-western), early Middle English heom-sulue (south-western), early Middle English heomsylf, early Middle English him seluen, early Middle English him sulf (south-west midlands), early Middle English hom solf (south-west midlands), early Middle English hom solue (south-west midlands), Middle English amselue, Middle English hamself, Middle English ham self, Middle English hamselfe, Middle English ham-selfe, Middle English ham selfe, Middle English hamselue, Middle English hamseluen, Middle English ham-seluen, Middle English ham seluen, Middle English ham-seluin, Middle English hamsilf, Middle English ham silf, Middle English ham sylf, Middle English ham sylue, Middle English ham-zelue (south-eastern), Middle English ham zelue (south-eastern), Middle English ham-zelve (south-eastern), Middle English hem-seelf, Middle English hemself, Middle English hem-self, Middle English hem self, Middle English hemselfe, Middle English hem-selfe, Middle English hem selfe, Middle English hemselfen, Middle English hem selfen, Middle English hemselff, Middle English hem selff, Middle English hemselffe, Middle English hem selffe, Middle English hem selffyn, Middle English hem selfyn, Middle English hemselue, Middle English hem-selue, Middle English hem selue, Middle English hem seluen, Middle English hemseluen, Middle English hem seluyn, Middle English hemselve, Middle English hem selve, Middle English hemselven, Middle English hem selven, Middle English hem-sijlfe, Middle English hem sijlfe, Middle English hemsilf, Middle English hem-silf, Middle English hem silf, Middle English hemsilfe, Middle English hem-silfe, Middle English hem silfe, Middle English hemsilff, Middle English hem silffe, Middle English hemsilue, Middle English hem silue, Middle English hemsiluen, Middle English hem-siluen, Middle English hem siluen, Middle English hem sylf, Middle English hem-sylfe, Middle English hem sylff, Middle English hem syllf, Middle English hem syluen, Middle English heomself, Middle English heom self, Middle English heom seolue (west midlands), Middle English heom silfuen (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English heom sylfan, Middle English himsel (probably transmission error), Middle English him self (perhaps transmission error), Middle English homself (chiefly north-west midlands), Middle English hom-self (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English hom selfe (chiefly north-west midlands), Middle English homselfe (north-west midlands), Middle English hom-selue (north midlands), Middle English hom-seluon (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English hom-seluyn (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English hom seluyn (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English hom sulf (south-western), Middle English hom sulue (south-western), Middle English hym seluen, Middle English (1500s Scottish) hem-seluen, late Middle English ham-self (in a late copy), late Middle English himsillf, 1800s– 'emself; Irish English (Wexford) 1800s aamezill, 1800s aamzil, 1800s amezill.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: 'em pron., self pron.

Etymology: < 'em pron. + self pron., originally the dative form corresponding to hīe selfe (see below). In later use probably independently re-formed < 'em pron. + self pron.Old English him selfum originally represents an inflected form (dative) of hīe selfe ( < hi pron.² + self pron.), which survives into early Middle English in emphatic use:OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxxvi. 493 Him bið swa geleanod þæt hi sylfe beoð fram yrmþe alysede.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2988 Þa endede Brennes; wel wes Romanisce folc þæs. Heo seolf nomen heore lond.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6193 Heo sulf [c1300 Otho hii] mid ærh-scipe arnden to heolte.Two distinct constructions with Old English him selfum may be discerned: one in which selfum is inflected in agreement with the dative plural of the personal pronoun (compare e.g. quot. OE at sense 2a), and another in which selfe is in the nominative plural in agreement with the subject of the sentence, with the personal pronoun him representing a kind of reflexive or ethical dative (compare quot. OE at sense 1). In either case, in the paradigm of Old English hīe selfe the forms of self pron. are usually inflected plural forms; such forms are continued in Middle English forms like hemselve, etc., which show a voiced fricative. Forms showing a word-final voiceless fricative (as in late Old English hem self, Middle English hemself) reflect substitution of uninflected self . Old English (nominative plural) hīe selfe also had a formally identical accusative form hīe selfe (compare hi pron.² II.); this also survives into early Middle English in late copies of material of Old English composition:OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) xlix. 76 Ðæt ðænne bið rihtlice gefadod, gif hy fram eallum leahtrum and unþeawum hy sylfe [a1225 Winteney hi sylfe] forhabbað.OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) lxvii. 127 Ða gebroðra, þe me for neode ut asend, bebeodan hy sylfe [a1225 Winteney hiselfe] gemænum gebede. Compare also Old English heora selfra , genitive of hīe selfe , where the pronouns are in apposition:OE Genesis A (1931) 24 Noldan dreogan leng heora selfra ræd, ac hie of siblufan godes ahwurfon.OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xiii. 278 Þa weras oferswiðdon þara hrægla hwitnesse mid þy leohte heora sylfra onsyne. The following examples show rare occurrences of the genitive of the plural pronoun with the genitive singular of self (in quot. OE² with emphatic interposition of āgenes , genitive singular of āgen own adj., in agreement with selfes ; compare later ownself pron.); the irregularly inflected form heoras in quot. lOE, if it is not simply a scribal error, apparently shows the influence of the case ending of selfos (compare quot. lOE³ at her pron.¹ and adj.¹, and discussion of inflected forms at that entry). Compare also the later development seen at self n. 1.eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Otho) v. xxii. 480 Þeah ðe hie synd of miclum dæle heora seolfes onwealdes [L. sui sint iuris], hwæþere of miclum dæle hy syndon Ongelcynnes þeowdome betæhte.OE Ælfric Homily (Trin. Cambr. B.15.34) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1968) II. 518 For ðan þe ða lareowas hwilon us læran sceolon, and on sumne sæl heora sylfes gyman [L. nunc suimet cura gerenda].OE Ælfric Hexameron (Hatton 115) 66 Hi wunodon þær swa hale on lichaman and hæfdon ealles geweald, ge heora hagenes sylfes on eallum þingum..and ealre þære myrhðe þe þær binnan wæs.lOE St. Nicholas (Corpus Cambr.) (1997) 89 Hi wæron mid swa micclan cele fornumene, þæt hi ne mihton nan þingc heoras selfos geweldon. The following isolated Middle English attestation (in a late copy) of reflexive hor selfe appears to show an independent formation ( < her pron.¹ + self pron.; compare earlier theirself pron.):c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 184^v With his gouernnce graithe..All the Cite..& the sure knightes Hade sitton here full sound & hor selfe keppit. The Older Scots form hem-seluen occurs in a text showing influence from southern English.

Now rare (chiefly in representations of Caribbean and African American usage).

†I. Emphatic uses.

1. = themselves pron. I. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xxxvi. 315 Hi geseoþ heom sylfe þæs tintregan stowe, þa þe hi wiþsacað.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 17860 Forr alle samenn didenn an Crist sellf. & teȝȝ hemm sellfenn. Crist hemm bigrap off þeȝȝre woh.

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) l. 6290 For heom-seolf [c1275 Calig. heo seolf] noht ne conne.

c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 61 Not as prechours prechen now, biddinge men do þat þei wollen not do hemself.

1435 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1883) II. 355 Thay to fens it [sc. Est Croft] ham selfe at thayre awne coste.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 275 Feeldis..which thei hem silf tilien.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 45 If þei haue streit conscience to faile in þis þat hemself haþ bound him to, þei schuld haue mikil more to faile in þis þat Crist haþ bound hem to.

II. Reflexive uses.

a. = themselves pron. 5a.As a direct object in Old English originally only with certain verbs that take dative objects (cf. quot. OE). In later use increasingly with verbs that originally took accusative objects, replacing hīe selfe (see etymological note).

ΚΠ

OE Laws of Æðelred II (Nero) v. viii. 238 Ealle mæssepreostas we biddað & lærað, þæt hy beorgan heom sylfum wið Godes yrre.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5515 Teȝȝ cunnenn raþenn rihht. hemm sellfenn. & ec oþre.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 39 Þe swin urnen..into þe sæ and druncnede hem seluen.

c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 73 Þe mariner[s] he ȝaf largeliche Þat broȝte him ouer bluþeliche Þer hi wolden hemself alonde [read alende].

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. xix. 1291 Hunters cloþeþ hemself in grene, for þe beste loueþ kyndeliche grene coloures.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxii. 70 Noo layser they had to putte hem self in ordynaunce.

a1500 Rule Minoresses in W. W. Seton Two 15th Cent. Franciscan Rules (1914) 98 (MED) It is couenabel lowli seruauntes & deuowtes hand maydenes of owre lorde..hem selfe to refreyne bi name of professioun.

1868 Putnam's Mag. July 56/1 'Cause, you see, dey don't doubles 'emself up and jump, like the ginwine cotton-wums, when I'se done touch't 'em.

1893 H. Swinglehurst Silver Mines 286 Dey only try, and down 'em go bruise 'emself.

1937 D. Holdridge Escape to Tropics iii. 41 Dey mus' got faith in Gawd—trust 'emself in dat little caboose!

1975 B. Garson All Livelong Day 96 So the strike drags on, it's lost... See—they gave 'em enough rope to hang 'emself.

b. = themselves pron. 5b.

ΚΠ

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lv. 427 Hi sint to manienne, ðonne hi licettað ðæt hi willen astyfecian ðæt yfel on him selfum, ðæt hi hit ðonne ne dyrren sæwan on oðrum monnum.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1097 Ða wylisce men syððon hi fram þam cynge gebugon, heom manege ealdras of heom sylfan gecuron.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10176 Þeȝȝ [sc. publicans]..wunnenn mikell to þe king & mare till hemm sellfenn.

?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 91 Þe wrechis wringit þe mok so fast, Up ham silf hi nul noȝt spened.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 203 Þe belles of þe citee gonne to rynge by hem self.

?c1430 (c1400) Rule St. Francis (Corpus Cambr.) in F. D. Matthew Eng. Wks. Wyclif (1880) 49 Þei han grete housis proprid to hem self.

a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 8 (MED) Þe grace of god..makiþ lowe hem þat presumyþ of hemself [L. de se præsumentes].

1847 Graham's Mag. Jan. 55/2 'Em won'erful cunnin', and know how to take care of 'emself.

2002 R. L. Schalock Out of Darkness into Light iii. 59 Project II help[ed] me to speak out for other people, [who] can't speak out for 'em self.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	emself
释义	'emselfpron. Brit. /əmˈsɛlf/, U.S. /əmˈsɛlf/ Forms: (Word division in Old and Middle English examples frequently reflects editorial choices of modern editors of texts, rather than the practice of the manuscripts.) Old English heom selfen, Old English heom seolfan, Old English heom silfum, Old English heom sylfan, Old English heom sylfon, Old English him selfe, Old English himselfum, Old English him selfum, Old English him seluum (rare), Old English him seolfa (in transcript of lost MS), Old English himseolfe, Old English him seolfum, Old English him silfum, Old English himsylfan, Old English him sylfan, Old English him sylfon, Old English him sylfum, Old English him syluum, Old English hym sylfan, Old English hym sylfe, Old English hym sylfum, Old English (early Middle English west midlands) heom sylfe, Old English (perhaps transmission error) Middle English heom sylf, Old English–early Middle English heom sylfum, Old English–early Middle English him sylfe, late Old English hem self, late Old English heom selfum, late Old English heom sylfen, late Old English heom sylfen, late Old English heon selfum, late Old English hym silfum, early Middle English ȝam-seolf (south-western), early Middle English ȝam-seolue (south-western), early Middle English ȝam seolue (south-western), early Middle English hamseolf (south-west midlands), early Middle English ham seolf (south-west midlands), early Middle English hamseolfen (south-west midlands), early Middle English ham seolfen (south-west midlands), early Middle English ham-seolue (south-western), early Middle English ham seolue (south-western and south-west midlands), early Middle English ham seoluen (south-west midlands), early Middle English ham-sulf (south-western), early Middle English hamsulfen (south-west midlands), early Middle English ham suluen (south-west midlands), early Middle English hemm sellf ( Ormulum), early Middle English hemm sellfenn ( Ormulum, inflected form), early Middle English hem-sulue (south-western), early Middle English heomsælf, early Middle English heom-seoleuen (south-west midlands), early Middle English heom-seolf (south-western), early Middle English heom seolf (west midlands), early Middle English heom seolfe (south-west midlands), early Middle English heom-seoluan (south-west midlands), early Middle English heom-seolue (south-west midlands), early Middle English heom-seoluen (south-west midlands), early Middle English heom seoluen (south-west midlands), early Middle English heom silf (in copy of Old English charter), early Middle English heom soluen (south-west midlands), early Middle English heom-sulf (south-western), early Middle English heom-sulue (south-western), early Middle English heomsylf, early Middle English him seluen, early Middle English him sulf (south-west midlands), early Middle English hom solf (south-west midlands), early Middle English hom solue (south-west midlands), Middle English amselue, Middle English hamself, Middle English ham self, Middle English hamselfe, Middle English ham-selfe, Middle English ham selfe, Middle English hamselue, Middle English hamseluen, Middle English ham-seluen, Middle English ham seluen, Middle English ham-seluin, Middle English hamsilf, Middle English ham silf, Middle English ham sylf, Middle English ham sylue, Middle English ham-zelue (south-eastern), Middle English ham zelue (south-eastern), Middle English ham-zelve (south-eastern), Middle English hem-seelf, Middle English hemself, Middle English hem-self, Middle English hem self, Middle English hemselfe, Middle English hem-selfe, Middle English hem selfe, Middle English hemselfen, Middle English hem selfen, Middle English hemselff, Middle English hem selff, Middle English hemselffe, Middle English hem selffe, Middle English hem selffyn, Middle English hem selfyn, Middle English hemselue, Middle English hem-selue, Middle English hem selue, Middle English hem seluen, Middle English hemseluen, Middle English hem seluyn, Middle English hemselve, Middle English hem selve, Middle English hemselven, Middle English hem selven, Middle English hem-sijlfe, Middle English hem sijlfe, Middle English hemsilf, Middle English hem-silf, Middle English hem silf, Middle English hemsilfe, Middle English hem-silfe, Middle English hem silfe, Middle English hemsilff, Middle English hem silffe, Middle English hemsilue, Middle English hem silue, Middle English hemsiluen, Middle English hem-siluen, Middle English hem siluen, Middle English hem sylf, Middle English hem-sylfe, Middle English hem sylff, Middle English hem syllf, Middle English hem syluen, Middle English heomself, Middle English heom self, Middle English heom seolue (west midlands), Middle English heom silfuen (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English heom sylfan, Middle English himsel (probably transmission error), Middle English him self (perhaps transmission error), Middle English homself (chiefly north-west midlands), Middle English hom-self (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English hom selfe (chiefly north-west midlands), Middle English homselfe (north-west midlands), Middle English hom-selue (north midlands), Middle English hom-seluon (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English hom-seluyn (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English hom seluyn (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English hom sulf (south-western), Middle English hom sulue (south-western), Middle English hym seluen, Middle English (1500s Scottish) hem-seluen, late Middle English ham-self (in a late copy), late Middle English himsillf, 1800s– 'emself; Irish English (Wexford) 1800s aamezill, 1800s aamzil, 1800s amezill. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: 'em pron., self pron. Etymology: < 'em pron. + self pron., originally the dative form corresponding to hīe selfe (see below). In later use probably independently re-formed < 'em pron. + self pron.Old English him selfum originally represents an inflected form (dative) of hīe selfe ( < hi pron.² + self pron.), which survives into early Middle English in emphatic use:OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxxvi. 493 Him bið swa geleanod þæt hi sylfe beoð fram yrmþe alysede.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2988 Þa endede Brennes; wel wes Romanisce folc þæs. Heo seolf nomen heore lond.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6193 Heo sulf [c1300 Otho hii] mid ærh-scipe arnden to heolte.Two distinct constructions with Old English him selfum may be discerned: one in which selfum is inflected in agreement with the dative plural of the personal pronoun (compare e.g. quot. OE at sense 2a), and another in which selfe is in the nominative plural in agreement with the subject of the sentence, with the personal pronoun him representing a kind of reflexive or ethical dative (compare quot. OE at sense 1). In either case, in the paradigm of Old English hīe selfe the forms of self pron. are usually inflected plural forms; such forms are continued in Middle English forms like hemselve, etc., which show a voiced fricative. Forms showing a word-final voiceless fricative (as in late Old English hem self, Middle English hemself) reflect substitution of uninflected self . Old English (nominative plural) hīe selfe also had a formally identical accusative form hīe selfe (compare hi pron.² II.); this also survives into early Middle English in late copies of material of Old English composition:OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) xlix. 76 Ðæt ðænne bið rihtlice gefadod, gif hy fram eallum leahtrum and unþeawum hy sylfe [a1225 Winteney hi sylfe] forhabbað.OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) lxvii. 127 Ða gebroðra, þe me for neode ut asend, bebeodan hy sylfe [a1225 Winteney hiselfe] gemænum gebede. Compare also Old English heora selfra , genitive of hīe selfe , where the pronouns are in apposition:OE Genesis A (1931) 24 Noldan dreogan leng heora selfra ræd, ac hie of siblufan godes ahwurfon.OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xiii. 278 Þa weras oferswiðdon þara hrægla hwitnesse mid þy leohte heora sylfra onsyne. The following examples show rare occurrences of the genitive of the plural pronoun with the genitive singular of self (in quot. OE² with emphatic interposition of āgenes , genitive singular of āgen own adj., in agreement with selfes ; compare later ownself pron.); the irregularly inflected form heoras in quot. lOE, if it is not simply a scribal error, apparently shows the influence of the case ending of selfos (compare quot. lOE³ at her pron.¹ and adj.¹, and discussion of inflected forms at that entry). Compare also the later development seen at self n. 1.eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Otho) v. xxii. 480 Þeah ðe hie synd of miclum dæle heora seolfes onwealdes [L. sui sint iuris], hwæþere of miclum dæle hy syndon Ongelcynnes þeowdome betæhte.OE Ælfric Homily (Trin. Cambr. B.15.34) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1968) II. 518 For ðan þe ða lareowas hwilon us læran sceolon, and on sumne sæl heora sylfes gyman [L. nunc suimet cura gerenda].OE Ælfric Hexameron (Hatton 115) 66 Hi wunodon þær swa hale on lichaman and hæfdon ealles geweald, ge heora hagenes sylfes on eallum þingum..and ealre þære myrhðe þe þær binnan wæs.lOE St. Nicholas (Corpus Cambr.) (1997) 89 Hi wæron mid swa micclan cele fornumene, þæt hi ne mihton nan þingc heoras selfos geweldon. The following isolated Middle English attestation (in a late copy) of reflexive hor selfe appears to show an independent formation ( < her pron.¹ + self pron.; compare earlier theirself pron.):c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 184^v With his gouernnce graithe..All the Cite..& the sure knightes Hade sitton here full sound & hor selfe keppit. The Older Scots form hem-seluen occurs in a text showing influence from southern English. Now rare (chiefly in representations of Caribbean and African American usage). †I. Emphatic uses. 1. = themselves pron. I. Obsolete. ΚΠ OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xxxvi. 315 Hi geseoþ heom sylfe þæs tintregan stowe, þa þe hi wiþsacað. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 17860 Forr alle samenn didenn an Crist sellf. & teȝȝ hemm sellfenn. Crist hemm bigrap off þeȝȝre woh. c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) l. 6290 For heom-seolf [c1275 Calig. heo seolf] noht ne conne. c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 61 Not as prechours prechen now, biddinge men do þat þei wollen not do hemself. 1435 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1883) II. 355 Thay to fens it [sc. Est Croft] ham selfe at thayre awne coste. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 275 Feeldis..which thei hem silf tilien. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 45 If þei haue streit conscience to faile in þis þat hemself haþ bound him to, þei schuld haue mikil more to faile in þis þat Crist haþ bound hem to. II. Reflexive uses. 2. a. = themselves pron. 5a.As a direct object in Old English originally only with certain verbs that take dative objects (cf. quot. OE). In later use increasingly with verbs that originally took accusative objects, replacing hīe selfe (see etymological note). ΚΠ OE Laws of Æðelred II (Nero) v. viii. 238 Ealle mæssepreostas we biddað & lærað, þæt hy beorgan heom sylfum wið Godes yrre. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5515 Teȝȝ cunnenn raþenn rihht. hemm sellfenn. & ec oþre. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 39 Þe swin urnen..into þe sæ and druncnede hem seluen. c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 73 Þe mariner[s] he ȝaf largeliche Þat broȝte him ouer bluþeliche Þer hi wolden hemself alonde [read alende]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. xix. 1291 Hunters cloþeþ hemself in grene, for þe beste loueþ kyndeliche grene coloures. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxii. 70 Noo layser they had to putte hem self in ordynaunce. a1500 Rule Minoresses in W. W. Seton Two 15th Cent. Franciscan Rules (1914) 98 (MED) It is couenabel lowli seruauntes & deuowtes hand maydenes of owre lorde..hem selfe to refreyne bi name of professioun. 1868 Putnam's Mag. July 56/1 'Cause, you see, dey don't doubles 'emself up and jump, like the ginwine cotton-wums, when I'se done touch't 'em. 1893 H. Swinglehurst Silver Mines 286 Dey only try, and down 'em go bruise 'emself. 1937 D. Holdridge Escape to Tropics iii. 41 Dey mus' got faith in Gawd—trust 'emself in dat little caboose! 1975 B. Garson All Livelong Day 96 So the strike drags on, it's lost... See—they gave 'em enough rope to hang 'emself. b. = themselves pron. 5b. ΚΠ eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lv. 427 Hi sint to manienne, ðonne hi licettað ðæt hi willen astyfecian ðæt yfel on him selfum, ðæt hi hit ðonne ne dyrren sæwan on oðrum monnum. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1097 Ða wylisce men syððon hi fram þam cynge gebugon, heom manege ealdras of heom sylfan gecuron. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10176 Þeȝȝ [sc. publicans]..wunnenn mikell to þe king & mare till hemm sellfenn. ?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 91 Þe wrechis wringit þe mok so fast, Up ham silf hi nul noȝt spened. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 203 Þe belles of þe citee gonne to rynge by hem self. ?c1430 (c1400) Rule St. Francis (Corpus Cambr.) in F. D. Matthew Eng. Wks. Wyclif (1880) 49 Þei han grete housis proprid to hem self. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 8 (MED) Þe grace of god..makiþ lowe hem þat presumyþ of hemself [L. de se præsumentes]. 1847 Graham's Mag. Jan. 55/2 'Em won'erful cunnin', and know how to take care of 'emself. 2002 R. L. Schalock Out of Darkness into Light iii. 59 Project II help[ed] me to speak out for other people, [who] can't speak out for 'em self. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < pron.eOE
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