Alpn.¹

Brit.

/alp/, U.S.

/ælp/

Forms: Old English Alpis (plural), Middle English Alpies (plural), Middle English– Alp, 1500s–1600s 1800s Alpe.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Alpēs.

Etymology: Originally < classical Latin Alpēs (singular Alpis ), the name of the Alps, in post-classical Latin also high mountains in general (5th cent.), mountain pasture (8th cent.), probably < the same base as Middle High German albe mountain pasture, high mountain (German Alp , Alpe , Alb ), of uncertain and perhaps ultimately non-Indo-European origin. In sense 1b after French regional (Swiss) alpe (see below). With sense 1a compare Old French, Middle French, French Alpes , Italian Alpi , and also Old High German albōn , alpōn (Middle High German, German Alpen ). Compare also Hellenistic Greek Ἂλβια , Ἂλπια (Strabo). With sense 2a compare Old French, Middle French, French alpe mountain (a1215, now disused in this sense), (regional: Swiss) mountain pasture (18th cent.; perhaps < German), Old Occitan alpe mountain (13th cent.), Italian alpe mountain (13th cent.), mountain pasture (16th or 17th cent.).Said by the 5th-cent. Latin grammarian Servius to be of Celtic origin, and subsequently associated (probably by folk etymology) with classical Latin albus white (see album n.²), although compare Albion n. A suggested derivation from the presumed Celtic base of Early Irish alp protuberance, lump, mountain (see alpeen n.) is no longer considered likely. With quot. 1857 at sense 1b compare German Alm mountain pasture ( < a contraction of an oblique form of Alp).

a. In plural. The range of mountains occupying much of Switzerland and adjacent countries. In singular: a mountain in this range.The mountain system extends from the coast of south-western France through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria, and into Slovenia.Also in the names of particular mountains or designating groups of mountains of a specified region, as French Alps, Swiss Alps, etc.Carnic, Maritime, Noric, Rhaetian Alps, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun] > range > Alps

AlpseOE

mountOE

mounsc1325

eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. viii. 99 Hannibal abræc mid gefeohte ofer þa beorgas þe mon hæt Perenei..& siþþan he gefor ofer þa monegan þeoda, oþ he com to Alpis þæm muntum.

OE tr. Orosius Hist. (Tiber.) (1980) i. i. 18 Be suðan Istria is se Wendelsæ þe man hæt Atriaticum, & be westan þa beorgas þe man hæt Alpis.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 343 (MED) Alpes beeþ hiȝe hilles in Lumbardie side.

a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 66^v Transalphinus, ouer hyȝe hul of alpes.

?a1450 ( J. Lydgate Serpent of Division (McClean) (1911) 56 He was passid þe bowndes of Almaigne & had atteyned þe hiȝe alpies whiche bene of Autours callid þe colde frosty hillis and þe bowndis of lumbardye.

?1527 L. Andrewe tr. Noble Lyfe Bestes ii. x. sig. li^v/2 In the hillis of alpis be gese as great nere hande as an ostriche.

1551 W. Turner Herball (1568) ii. 64 The alpes that depart Italy and Germany.

1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love i. iv. sig. C2^v Since I troad on this side the Alpes, I was not so frozen in my inuention.

1650 W. Prynne Sad & Serious Considerations 9 The Protestants to..send Forces under the Conduct of an invincible Cyrus over the Alps to harrow Italy with fire and sword.

1704 J. Dennis Britannia Triumphans 7 Thy Fame, Great Queen, the horrid Alps ascends.

1757 Acct. Remarkable Comet 24 Here stood the Alps, a prodigious range of stone, the load of the earth.

1790 Edinb. Mag. July 233/1 The Alp of Pedriolo is on the opposite side.

1832 C. J. Latrobe Pedestrian ix. 337 I stood upon the brink of one of those tremendous earth-slides which are frequently met with in those portions of the Alps.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §3. 27 After a rough ascent over the Alp we came to the dead crag.

1895 Argosy Sept. 568/1 At least one peak of the Swiss Alps in the list of his summer achievements.

1916 Alpine Jrnl. Feb. 14 Bedole, the Alp at the head of Val di Genova.

1978 P. Matthiessen Snow Leopard ii. 77 The sword light on the peaks brings back the snows of Courchevel, in the French Alps, where we went skiing.

2006 Snowboard Jrnl. No. 10. 86/1 The Grand St. Bernard Pass is one of the most storied routes in the Alps—and Europe, for that matter.

b. Usually with lower-case initial. Chiefly in Switzerland and adjacent countries: an area of green pasture on a mountainside; esp. one above the tree line and below the snow line, used for summer grazing. Also as a mass noun. Cf. Alpine adj. 3.

ΚΠ

1819 S. M. Waring tr. L.-F. Ramond in Traveller's Fire-side viii. 127 The fertile alps [Fr. les Alpes fertiles] are divided into..higher and lower regions..and the herdsman has often three habitations: one for winter, one for spring and autumn, and a third for summer.

1827 M. Wilmot More Lett. (1935) 276 An Alpe..is a cottage and little establishment to which a shepherdess conducts a certain number of flocks and herds in the spring.

1857 J. von Tautphœus Quits I. xvi. 253 Is this Peissenberg what you call an alp or alm..is it one of those pasture-grounds on the mountains where..the people send their cattle in summer?

1922 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents xi. 54 Between the forests and the cap of perpetual snow is a zone of alp, pasture land with drought-resisting bushes.

1985 G. Barker Prehistoric Farming in Europe v. 114 The pigs remained here [sc. in a middle pasture], whilst the rest of the stock were taken up to the alp for the summer.

2003 J. G. Evans Environmental Archaeol. & Social Order viii. 176 Individual households hold their own area of alp and the cattle are not tended communally or allowed to stray across to others' lands.

a. Any high peak or mountain, esp. one that is snow-capped. Also in plural in the names of mountain ranges in various countries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun]

barrowc885

mountainc1275

Alpa1450

reek1776

ben1788

berg1840

tier1850

a1450 Mandeville's Trav. (Royal 17 B.xliii) (1883) 127 Thare men goon by the Alpes of Aryoprynant, and by the Valez of Mallebrynez.

1598 R. Hakluyt tr. W. de Rubruquis in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 112 Certaine Alpes, or mountaines directly Southward.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 620 O're many a Frozen, many a Fierie Alpe .

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1654 (1955) III. 103 There is also on the side of this horrid Alp [sc. in Clifton, Bristol] a very romantic seate.

1769 J. Banks Jrnl. 16 Jan. (1962) I. 219 D^r Solander M^r Green M^r Monkhouse and myself advancd for the alp.

1818 H. M. Williams tr. A. von Humboldt Personal Narr. Trav. III. 9 In the American Alps,..plants of the family of the balisiers.., flourish here at considerable height.

1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine i. 16 The general character..of the mountains of Sinai, is entire desolation. If the mountains are naked Alps, the valleys are dry rivers.

1910 Overland Monthly Jan. 49 No more delightful ways of spending a few days than..climbing the Japanese Alps, or making a tour of the volcanoes of Japan.

1979 J. Hunt in O. Davies Omni Bk. of Paranormal & Mind iv. xvi. 168 My wife and I found more tracks..along our route. The last ones..were just outside a yakherd's hut on an alp named Drangnag.

2000 M. Maurel Expat Guide: Moscow 251 Russia's first four star alpine resort..in the Russian Alps at Krasnaya Polyana.

b. spec. In New Zealand: the mountain range of the South Island. Also known as the Southern Alps or (formerly) New Zealand Alps.

ΚΠ

1773 J. R. Forster Jrnl. 18 Apr. in 'Resolution' Jrnl. (1982) II. 260 We saw the Snow lying on the tops of some of the New-Zeeland Alps.

1794 J. Payne Universal Geogr. I. App. i. iv. §ii. 804/2 A range of mountains is supposed to extend nearly the whole length of Poenammoo: these were in one part called the southern Alps.

1862 Huddersfield Chron. & W. Yorks. Advertiser 6 Sept. 3/5 The great Southern Alps, clothed with perpetual snow.

1868 C. W. Dilke Greater Brit. I. 340 The Rocky Mountains..are..not less snowy than the New Zealand Alps.

1885 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1884 17 189 In August I measured the ice in one of the lagoons on top of the Alps.

1910 E. H. Grossman Heart of Bush 30 The Alps themselves were too delightful to be resisted.

1950 Life 15 May 39/1 New Zealand's Southern Alps, which rise as high as 10,000 feet above sea level.

2012 Southland Times (N.Z.) (Nexis) 30 Apr. 8 A kaleidoscope of rock types, bright pink for volcanic rock,..yellow for gravels sent from the alps to the plains.

3. figurative and in extended use.

ΚΠ

1635 W. Habington Castara (ed. 2) ii. 160 Safely we..Past ore the rugged Alps of th' angry Sea.

1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 11 This adamantine Alpe of wedlock.

1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 15 Hills peep o'er Hills, and Alps on Alps arise.

1809 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) III. 178 I am faint and sick at Heart with these Alps upon Alps of Hindrances and Uncertainties.

1854 J. St. John Nemesis of Power 156 The loftiest minds, which tower like intellectual Alps.

1949 H. Wilcox White Stranger xv. 321 The glory of the sky, the depths of blue and the white alps of cloud.

2003 J. McManus Positively Fifth Street 202 Instead of..an alp of mashed potatoes, I judiciously select a..soupspoonful of potatoes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† alpn.²

Forms:

α. late Middle English 1700s alpe, 1600s–1800s alp, 1800s olp (English regional (East Anglian)).

β. English regional (East Anglian) 1700s–1800s olph, 1800s alf, 1800s awf, 1800s oaf (in compounds), 1800s olf, 1800s ulf, 1800s ulph (in compounds).

Origin: Of unknown origin.

Etymology: Origin unknown. Compare awbe n., owpe n., nope n.¹, and perhaps also pope n.¹ 8b(b), hoop n.² 2, mawp n.Perhaps attested earlier in a surname, Matilda Alpe (1275) and a field name, Alpeleye (Old Sodbury, Gloucestershire; 1276). N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (ælp) /ælp/.

Obsolete.

The bullfinch, Pyrrhula pyrrhula.The identity of the bird is uncertain in early use.In quot. a1825 at β. (with distinguishing word): the greenfinch, Carduelis chloris.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Pyrrhula (bullfinch)

alpa1425

owpe?a1513

bullfinch1570

awbe1576

nope1611

mawp1654

woop1668

hoop1669

pope1763

tawny1847

thick-bill1847

leaf-finch1869

plum bird1879

plum-budder1879

α.

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 658 Alpes fynches and wodewales.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 10 Alpe, a bryde, ficedula.

?a1500 in A. Way Promptorium Parvulorum (1843) 10 Ficedula, a wodewale or an alpe.

1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 247 The Bulfinch, Alp or Nope, Rubicilla seu Pyrrhula.

1775 W. Hayes Nat. Hist. Brit. Birds 20/1 (heading) Bullfinch, alp, or nope.

1843 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds I. Index 13 Alp, a name for the Bull-finch.

1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 66 From Alp, the old name for the bird used in Ray's time, the following seem to be derived:—Hoop, or Hope... Olf... Nope (Stafford; Salop). Mwope... Mawp... Pope.

β. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Green-olf, the green finch, or, more properly, green grosbeak. Parus viridus.a1855 W. T. Spurdens Forby's Vocab. E. Anglia (1858) III. 35 Olp, this is nearer to the pronunciation in Suffolk, than Olf in Forby.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	alp
释义	Alpn.¹ Brit. /alp/, U.S. /ælp/ Forms: Old English Alpis (plural), Middle English Alpies (plural), Middle English– Alp, 1500s–1600s 1800s Alpe. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Alpēs. Etymology: Originally < classical Latin Alpēs (singular Alpis ), the name of the Alps, in post-classical Latin also high mountains in general (5th cent.), mountain pasture (8th cent.), probably < the same base as Middle High German albe mountain pasture, high mountain (German Alp , Alpe , Alb ), of uncertain and perhaps ultimately non-Indo-European origin. In sense 1b after French regional (Swiss) alpe (see below). With sense 1a compare Old French, Middle French, French Alpes , Italian Alpi , and also Old High German albōn , alpōn (Middle High German, German Alpen ). Compare also Hellenistic Greek Ἂλβια , Ἂλπια (Strabo). With sense 2a compare Old French, Middle French, French alpe mountain (a1215, now disused in this sense), (regional: Swiss) mountain pasture (18th cent.; perhaps < German), Old Occitan alpe mountain (13th cent.), Italian alpe mountain (13th cent.), mountain pasture (16th or 17th cent.).Said by the 5th-cent. Latin grammarian Servius to be of Celtic origin, and subsequently associated (probably by folk etymology) with classical Latin albus white (see album n.²), although compare Albion n. A suggested derivation from the presumed Celtic base of Early Irish alp protuberance, lump, mountain (see alpeen n.) is no longer considered likely. With quot. 1857 at sense 1b compare German Alm mountain pasture ( < a contraction of an oblique form of Alp). 1. a. In plural. The range of mountains occupying much of Switzerland and adjacent countries. In singular: a mountain in this range.The mountain system extends from the coast of south-western France through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria, and into Slovenia.Also in the names of particular mountains or designating groups of mountains of a specified region, as French Alps, Swiss Alps, etc.Carnic, Maritime, Noric, Rhaetian Alps, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun] > range > Alps AlpseOE mountOE mounsc1325 eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. viii. 99 Hannibal abræc mid gefeohte ofer þa beorgas þe mon hæt Perenei..& siþþan he gefor ofer þa monegan þeoda, oþ he com to Alpis þæm muntum. OE tr. Orosius Hist. (Tiber.) (1980) i. i. 18 Be suðan Istria is se Wendelsæ þe man hæt Atriaticum, & be westan þa beorgas þe man hæt Alpis. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 343 (MED) Alpes beeþ hiȝe hilles in Lumbardie side. a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 66^v Transalphinus, ouer hyȝe hul of alpes. ?a1450 ( J. Lydgate Serpent of Division (McClean) (1911) 56 He was passid þe bowndes of Almaigne & had atteyned þe hiȝe alpies whiche bene of Autours callid þe colde frosty hillis and þe bowndis of lumbardye. ?1527 L. Andrewe tr. Noble Lyfe Bestes ii. x. sig. li^v/2 In the hillis of alpis be gese as great nere hande as an ostriche. 1551 W. Turner Herball (1568) ii. 64 The alpes that depart Italy and Germany. 1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love i. iv. sig. C2^v Since I troad on this side the Alpes, I was not so frozen in my inuention. View more context for this quotation 1650 W. Prynne Sad & Serious Considerations 9 The Protestants to..send Forces under the Conduct of an invincible Cyrus over the Alps to harrow Italy with fire and sword. 1704 J. Dennis Britannia Triumphans 7 Thy Fame, Great Queen, the horrid Alps ascends. 1757 Acct. Remarkable Comet 24 Here stood the Alps, a prodigious range of stone, the load of the earth. 1790 Edinb. Mag. July 233/1 The Alp of Pedriolo is on the opposite side. 1832 C. J. Latrobe Pedestrian ix. 337 I stood upon the brink of one of those tremendous earth-slides which are frequently met with in those portions of the Alps. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §3. 27 After a rough ascent over the Alp we came to the dead crag. 1895 Argosy Sept. 568/1 At least one peak of the Swiss Alps in the list of his summer achievements. 1916 Alpine Jrnl. Feb. 14 Bedole, the Alp at the head of Val di Genova. 1978 P. Matthiessen Snow Leopard ii. 77 The sword light on the peaks brings back the snows of Courchevel, in the French Alps, where we went skiing. 2006 Snowboard Jrnl. No. 10. 86/1 The Grand St. Bernard Pass is one of the most storied routes in the Alps—and Europe, for that matter. b. Usually with lower-case initial. Chiefly in Switzerland and adjacent countries: an area of green pasture on a mountainside; esp. one above the tree line and below the snow line, used for summer grazing. Also as a mass noun. Cf. Alpine adj. 3. ΚΠ 1819 S. M. Waring tr. L.-F. Ramond in Traveller's Fire-side viii. 127 The fertile alps [Fr. les Alpes fertiles] are divided into..higher and lower regions..and the herdsman has often three habitations: one for winter, one for spring and autumn, and a third for summer. 1827 M. Wilmot More Lett. (1935) 276 An Alpe..is a cottage and little establishment to which a shepherdess conducts a certain number of flocks and herds in the spring. 1857 J. von Tautphœus Quits I. xvi. 253 Is this Peissenberg what you call an alp or alm..is it one of those pasture-grounds on the mountains where..the people send their cattle in summer? 1922 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents xi. 54 Between the forests and the cap of perpetual snow is a zone of alp, pasture land with drought-resisting bushes. 1985 G. Barker Prehistoric Farming in Europe v. 114 The pigs remained here [sc. in a middle pasture], whilst the rest of the stock were taken up to the alp for the summer. 2003 J. G. Evans Environmental Archaeol. & Social Order viii. 176 Individual households hold their own area of alp and the cattle are not tended communally or allowed to stray across to others' lands. 2. a. Any high peak or mountain, esp. one that is snow-capped. Also in plural in the names of mountain ranges in various countries. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun] barrowc885 mountainc1275 Alpa1450 reek1776 ben1788 berg1840 tier1850 a1450 Mandeville's Trav. (Royal 17 B.xliii) (1883) 127 Thare men goon by the Alpes of Aryoprynant, and by the Valez of Mallebrynez. 1598 R. Hakluyt tr. W. de Rubruquis in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 112 Certaine Alpes, or mountaines directly Southward. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 620 O're many a Frozen, many a Fierie Alpe . View more context for this quotation a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1654 (1955) III. 103 There is also on the side of this horrid Alp [sc. in Clifton, Bristol] a very romantic seate. 1769 J. Banks Jrnl. 16 Jan. (1962) I. 219 D^r Solander M^r Green M^r Monkhouse and myself advancd for the alp. 1818 H. M. Williams tr. A. von Humboldt Personal Narr. Trav. III. 9 In the American Alps,..plants of the family of the balisiers.., flourish here at considerable height. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine i. 16 The general character..of the mountains of Sinai, is entire desolation. If the mountains are naked Alps, the valleys are dry rivers. 1910 Overland Monthly Jan. 49 No more delightful ways of spending a few days than..climbing the Japanese Alps, or making a tour of the volcanoes of Japan. 1979 J. Hunt in O. Davies Omni Bk. of Paranormal & Mind iv. xvi. 168 My wife and I found more tracks..along our route. The last ones..were just outside a yakherd's hut on an alp named Drangnag. 2000 M. Maurel Expat Guide: Moscow 251 Russia's first four star alpine resort..in the Russian Alps at Krasnaya Polyana. b. spec. In New Zealand: the mountain range of the South Island. Also known as the Southern Alps or (formerly) New Zealand Alps. ΚΠ 1773 J. R. Forster Jrnl. 18 Apr. in 'Resolution' Jrnl. (1982) II. 260 We saw the Snow lying on the tops of some of the New-Zeeland Alps. 1794 J. Payne Universal Geogr. I. App. i. iv. §ii. 804/2 A range of mountains is supposed to extend nearly the whole length of Poenammoo: these were in one part called the southern Alps. 1862 Huddersfield Chron. & W. Yorks. Advertiser 6 Sept. 3/5 The great Southern Alps, clothed with perpetual snow. 1868 C. W. Dilke Greater Brit. I. 340 The Rocky Mountains..are..not less snowy than the New Zealand Alps. 1885 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1884 17 189 In August I measured the ice in one of the lagoons on top of the Alps. 1910 E. H. Grossman Heart of Bush 30 The Alps themselves were too delightful to be resisted. 1950 Life 15 May 39/1 New Zealand's Southern Alps, which rise as high as 10,000 feet above sea level. 2012 Southland Times (N.Z.) (Nexis) 30 Apr. 8 A kaleidoscope of rock types, bright pink for volcanic rock,..yellow for gravels sent from the alps to the plains. 3. figurative and in extended use. ΚΠ 1635 W. Habington Castara (ed. 2) ii. 160 Safely we..Past ore the rugged Alps of th' angry Sea. 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 11 This adamantine Alpe of wedlock. 1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 15 Hills peep o'er Hills, and Alps on Alps arise. 1809 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) III. 178 I am faint and sick at Heart with these Alps upon Alps of Hindrances and Uncertainties. 1854 J. St. John Nemesis of Power 156 The loftiest minds, which tower like intellectual Alps. 1949 H. Wilcox White Stranger xv. 321 The glory of the sky, the depths of blue and the white alps of cloud. 2003 J. McManus Positively Fifth Street 202 Instead of..an alp of mashed potatoes, I judiciously select a..soupspoonful of potatoes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † alpn.² Forms: α. late Middle English 1700s alpe, 1600s–1800s alp, 1800s olp (English regional (East Anglian)). β. English regional (East Anglian) 1700s–1800s olph, 1800s alf, 1800s awf, 1800s oaf (in compounds), 1800s olf, 1800s ulf, 1800s ulph (in compounds). Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. Compare awbe n., owpe n., nope n.¹, and perhaps also pope n.¹ 8b(b), hoop n.² 2, mawp n.Perhaps attested earlier in a surname, Matilda Alpe (1275) and a field name, Alpeleye (Old Sodbury, Gloucestershire; 1276). N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (ælp) /ælp/. Obsolete. The bullfinch, Pyrrhula pyrrhula.The identity of the bird is uncertain in early use.In quot. a1825 at β. (with distinguishing word): the greenfinch, Carduelis chloris. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Pyrrhula (bullfinch) alpa1425 owpe?a1513 bullfinch1570 awbe1576 nope1611 mawp1654 woop1668 hoop1669 pope1763 tawny1847 thick-bill1847 leaf-finch1869 plum bird1879 plum-budder1879 α. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 658 Alpes fynches and wodewales. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 10 Alpe, a bryde, ficedula. ?a1500 in A. Way Promptorium Parvulorum (1843) 10 Ficedula, a wodewale or an alpe. 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 247 The Bulfinch, Alp or Nope, Rubicilla seu Pyrrhula. 1775 W. Hayes Nat. Hist. Brit. Birds 20/1 (heading) Bullfinch, alp, or nope. 1843 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds I. Index 13 Alp, a name for the Bull-finch. 1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 66 From Alp, the old name for the bird used in Ray's time, the following seem to be derived:—Hoop, or Hope... Olf... Nope (Stafford; Salop). Mwope... Mawp... Pope. β. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Green-olf, the green finch, or, more properly, green grosbeak. Parus viridus.a1855 W. T. Spurdens Forby's Vocab. E. Anglia (1858) III. 35 Olp, this is nearer to the pronunciation in Suffolk, than Olf in Forby. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2020). alpn.³ Brit. /alp/, U.S. /ælp/ Inflections: Plural alps, unchanged. Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Alp. Etymology: < German Alp (now usually Alb ) evil spirit, incubus (see elf n.¹). Compare German Alpdrücken feeling of suffocation during sleep (1700). rare. A spirit believed to settle on a person during sleep, producing a feeling of suffocation in the sleeper. Cf. incubus n. 1, nightmare n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > fairy or elf > [noun] > imp, goblin, or hobgoblin thursec725 puckOE puckleOE goblina1350 hurlewaynes kin1399 Hoba1500 bogle?1507 chimera?1521 hobgoblin1530 chyppynutie?1553 bearbug1560 boggard1570 bugbear?c1570 empusa1572 puckerelc1580 puck bug1582 imp1584 urchin1584 fear-babea1586 hob-thrush1590 hodge-poker1598 lar1598 poker1598 bogle-bo1603 mormo1605 foliot1621 mormolukee1624 buggle-boo1625 pug1631 black man1656 feind1659 Tom Poker1673 duende1691 boodie?a1700 worricow1711 bolly1724 Tom Po1744 fleying1811 pooka1824 booger1827 alp1828 boll1847 bogy1857 beastie1867 boogie1880 shag boy1882 1828 T. C. Croker tr. J. Grimm & W. Grimm in Fairy Legends & Trad. S. Ireland III. 122 Already in the poets of the middle ages the Alp is a malignant spirit, an evil spectre..oppressing men during sleep. 1836 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 40 146 Those alps and goblins, those nixies and wood-nymphs. 1901 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 22 233 The appearance of the Alp himself is, to a surprising extent, determined by the sleeper's surroundings, especially by the material and texture of his coverings. 2005 B. Curran Vampires i. 19 Many of these alp are..credited with spreading disease through a region—a common belief concerning vampires everywhere. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). > as lemmas ALP ALP n. Australian Labour Party. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > other national politics > [noun] > specific parties in Australia Liberal Party1814 ALP1922 U.A.P.1936 1922 Round Table Mar. 409 The federal conference of the A.L.P., held at Perth in June, 1918. 1973 Nation Rev. (Melbourne) 31 Aug. 1434/1 Will the ALP grow a new set of wings? 2003 Austral. Financial Rev. (Sydney) 20 Oct. 3/1 The Victorian ALP faces months of infighting over renewed allegations of branch stacking in a string of federal seats. extracted from An. < n.¹eOEn.²a1425n.³1828 as lemmas
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