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单词 ell
释义

elln.1

Brit. /ɛl/, U.S. /ɛl/
Forms: Old English–1600s eln, Middle English–1600s elne, Middle English–1500s ellen (Middle English a nellen for an ellen), (Middle English ellyn, 1500s eline), 1500s el, Middle English–1600s elle, 1500s– ell.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English ęln , strong feminine = Middle Dutch elne , elle (Dutch el ), Old High German elina (Middle High German elne , modern German elle ), Old Norse ǫln , alin (Swedish aln , Danish alen ), Gothic aleina (? scribal error for *alina ) cubit < Old Germanic *alinâ , whence medieval Latin alena , Italian alna , Old Spanish alna , Old Portuguese alna , French aune . The Old Germanic word (a compound of which is elbow n.) meant originally arm or fore-arm, and is cognate with Greek ὠλένη, Latin ulna, of same meaning. The diversity of meanings (see below) is common to all words denoting linear measures derived from the length of the arm; compare cubit n. and Latin ulna. The word ell seems to have been variously taken to represent the distance from the elbow or from the shoulder to the wrist or to the finger-tips, while in some cases a ‘double ell’ has superseded the original measure, and has taken its name.
1.
a. A measure of length varying in different countries. The English ell = 45 in.; the Scotch = 37·2; the Flemish = 27 in. Now historical or with reference to foreign countries, the English measure being obsolete.In early use often in singular when preceded by numerals.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > others
Bc1000
Dc1000
ellc1000
Fc1000
Sc1000
yogha1300
Pa1398
ess1540
tee1610
alif1727
cue1755
em1793
en1793
dee1795
double U1841
edh1846
wye1857
vee1883
gee1926
nut1940
kay1959
at sign1977
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > arm as unit of length > ell
ellc1000
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 27 Hwylc eower mæg..geþencan þæt he ge-eacnige ane elne [950 Lindisf. elne an vel enne; 1160 Hatton enne elne] to hys anlicnesse.
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 158 Ulna, eln.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 429 False elnen & mesures he broȝte al clene adoun.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1675 A schippe..Seuen score ellen lang and ten.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1838 Þe flod ouer raght seuen eln and mare.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 586 So wunderlike it wex & get Ðat fiftene elne it ouer-flet.
1487 Act 3 Hen. VII c. 7 All merchandises..used to be measured with Eln or Yard.
c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxvijv Item a fll. ell conteyneth iij q't's of an engis yarde, & v q't's of ye fll. ell makith an engis ell.
1520 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 119 A ellen of yolow velvett.
1543 R. Record Ground of Artes i. sig. N.v 3 foote and 9 ynches make an elle.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. iii. 78 Oh heere is a witte of Cheuerell that stretcheth from an ynch narrow to an ell broad. View more context for this quotation
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 57 King Davids common elne conteines threttie seven measured inches.
1630 R. Norton tr. W. Camden Hist. Princesse Elizabeth ii. 69 A monstrous Whale..whose length was..twentie of our Elnes.
1635 Earl of Manchester Al Mondo: Contemplatio Mortis (rev. ed.) 138 Ere long two ells of earth shall serve, whom scarce a world could satisfie.
1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. xxix. 180 102 Ells Dantzig make 50 ells English.
1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 275 The ell by which their acres have been measured (called the barony ell) contains 42 inches, whereas the common ell made use of in the country is only 38 inches.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. ix. 64 Tearful women wetting whole ells of cambric in concert.
b. figurative. Contrasted with inch, span, etc.; esp. in proverbial phrase, give him an inch and he'll take an ell: meaning that undue advantage will be taken of a slight concession.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [phrase] > take undue advantage
give him an inch and he'll take an ell1546
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. ix. sig. Lv Ye lyked..better an ynche of your wyll, Than an ell of your thrifte.
1580 H. Gifford Posie of Gilloflowers i. sig. G Whereas shee tooke an inche of liberty before, tooke an Ell afterwardes.
1633 G. Herbert Church Porch in Temple (ad fin.) Lifes poore span Make not an ell by trifling in thy wo.
1643 E. Bowles Mysterie Iniquitie 40 That gave but a Yard, they tooke an Ell.
1653 Z. Bogan Medit. Mirth Christian Life 305 Have a care of taking an ell, when you have but an inch allowed you.
1798 Anti-Jacobin 2 July 278/2 Tho' they still took an ell, when we gave them an inch.
c. As a fluid measure.[Several correspondents inform us that they remember seeing the announcement ‘Beer sold by the yard’, on the signboards of country taverns, the reference being to the long narrow glasses about a yard high.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > liquid measure of capacity > specific units of liquid measure > yard (of ale or wine)
ell1649
ell-glass1682
1649 R. Lovelace Lucasta: Epodes, Odes, Sonnets, Songs 99 For Elles of Beere, Flutes of Canary Thankes freest, freshest, Faire Ellinda.
2.
a. A measuring rod; = ell-wand n. Phrase, to measure with the long ell, with the short ell: to measure unfairly as buyer or seller respectively.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measuring instrument > [noun] > for measuring length > measuring rod or stick
yardc1000
meteyardOE
reedc1350
ell-yardc1400
yard-wand14..
scantillona1425
gad1440
metewand1440
meterod1473
rod1473
ell1474
gad-wand1487
ell-wand?a1500
measuring rod1546
scantling1556
metepole1571
meting pole1606
wand1614
yardstick1797
yard-measure1838
gad-stick1866
meting-rod1881
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. vii. 138 In his lifte hande..an elle for to mesure with.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. xvii. sig. L1v The night measured by the short ell of sleepe.
1637 R. Monro Exped. Scots Regim. ii. 46 Sometimes the Souldiers (the worst sort of them) measured the packes belonging to the Marchants with the long ell.
1651 Bp. J. Hall Susurrium cum Deo lxxviii. 291 Thus spake a true Idols Priest, that knew no Ell whereby to measure Religion, but Profit.
1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued I. i. 214 The mercer..upon seeing the lady's gown..can cut off her quantity by guess without..taking his ell to measure it.
b. Scottish. King's ell: ‘Orion's belt’: = ell-wand n. 3. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > constellation > Southern constellations > [noun] > Orion > Orion's belt
ell-wanda1522
Golden Yard1556
golden yard1556
zone1599
King's ella1605
warrior's belt1879
a1605 A. Montgomerie Flyting with Polwart in Wks. (1821) 118 Be the hornes, the handstaff and the King's ell.
3. long ell: a particular kind of cloth. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > other textile fabrics > [noun]
renciana1300
maidenhair1359
caryc1394
spinal1399
whitefolding1423
care1429
radevorec1430
queen's clothc1450
basselan1453
Brunswick1480
ragmas1480
haberjetc1503
redvorea1525
stockbridge1526
demigraine1540
fledge1542
pinned white1552
satin-reverses1554
beverneck1567
scamato1569
messellawny1604
brogetie1610
novato1614
fugeratta1638
barrateen1689
tamarine1691
masquerade1696
calandring1697
succatoon1703
russerine1710
stade1714
Chuckla1721
long ell1725
slay1745
vilderoy1769
succota1780
minorque1794
zebra1829
grising1866
Turkoman1881
cameline1886
lyocell1990
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 12 Bays, long Ells, Druggets, broad Cloth.
1735 G. Berkeley Querist §520 Fine cloths in Somersetshire, long ells at Exeter.
4. As a rendering of Latin ulna: The larger bone of the fore-arm. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bones of arm or leg > bones of arm > [noun] > bones of forearm > ulna
ell-wandc1440
ulna?1541
ell1615
cubit1634
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 903 The other externall branch at the middle of the Ell shooteth out a propagation from his outside.
1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. vi. xxvi. 147 The Ell, or bone of the cubit..hath..two appendices.

Compounds

C1. General attributive. Also ell-wand n.
ell-broad adj.
ΚΠ
1476 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 37 The bredth of it is elme broade.
1696 J. F. Merchant's Ware-house 20 This being the last sort of Ellbroad Gentish that I shall treat of at present.
ell-long adj.
ΚΠ
1832 S. Austin tr. H. L. H. von Pückler-Muskau Tour German Prince III. ii. 36 I ate a good dinner, and then added to this ell-long letter.
ell-wide adj.
ΚΠ
1653 J. Collinges Responsoria ad Erratica Piscatoris iv. sig. F1 Your (ell-wide) opinion.
1826 M. R. Mitford Our Village II. 193 A pretty quaker..did persuade me that ell-wide muslin would go as far as a yard and a half.
C2.
ell coal n. Scottish a type of coal normally found in seams one ell or more in thickness.
ΚΠ
1794 J. Naismith Agric. Clydesdale 36 About 16 or 17 fathoms under this, lies the ell coal, so called, because it was first found of this thickness, but it is frequently from 4 to 6 feet thick.
1845 New Statist. Acct. Scotl. V. 813 Seven other workable seams, in the following ascending order, viz. the stone-coal 21/ 4 feet; ell coal, 21/ 4.
1931 Econ. Geol. Fife (Geol. Surv.) I. 82 The Ell Coal lies 1 to 7 fms. above the Upper Eight Foot... Sometimes it is a single seam of 3 to 4 ft... The Ell is a steam coal.
1931 Times 16 Mar. 19/7 Lanarkshire.—Ell best, 15s. 6d.
ell-glass n. Obsolete (see 1c).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > liquid measure of capacity > specific units of liquid measure > yard (of ale or wine)
ell1649
ell-glass1682
1682 Way to make Rum in Harl. Misc. I. 541 The Germans commonly drink whole tankards, and ell-glasses, at a draught.
ell-ridge n. Obsolete an old land-measure.
ΚΠ
1756 Extract fr. MS. Let. Peter Guffin (aged 82 in 1756) was unacquainted with such an old measure of land as an Ell Ridge, but had heard it contained 60 Luggs.
ell-yard n. Obsolete an ell-measure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measuring instrument > [noun] > for measuring length > measuring rod or stick
yardc1000
meteyardOE
reedc1350
ell-yardc1400
yard-wand14..
scantillona1425
gad1440
metewand1440
meterod1473
rod1473
ell1474
gad-wand1487
ell-wand?a1500
measuring rod1546
scantling1556
metepole1571
meting pole1606
wand1614
yardstick1797
yard-measure1838
gad-stick1866
meting-rod1881
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 210 Þe hede of an elnȝerde þe large lenkþe hade.
c1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 713 False ellen yerdes, wetyngly other than the lawe of the lond.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

elln.2

Brit. /ɛl/, U.S. /ɛl/
Etymology: < ell, the name of the letter L n.
U.S.
= L n. 2a. Also attributive.
ΚΠ
1773 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1887) XVIII. 198 A Major part of the Selectmen of said Town..[have] Established a New Street..beginning at the North Easterly Corner of the Brick Tenement, (or Ell, so called) belonging to [etc.].
1875 J. G. Holland Sevenoaks xii. 157 Can't we put on an ell when we want it?
1876 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Tom Sawyer ix. 86 A single minute later he was..creeping along the roof of the ‘ell’ on all fours.
1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 6 June 6/1 I had occasion to rebuild the ell of a dwelling-house. On removing the old ell..a rat's nest was found when it was joined to the main structure.
1892 W. D. Howells Mercy xix. 367 Matt could see a light in the ell-chamber.
1904 T. Watson Bethany (1920) 9 So it came to pass that two handsome rooms were built in the front of the west end of the old house, forming an ‘ell’ thereto.
1924 H. Croy R.F.D. No. 3 60 Higbee's house..was dirty white in color, with a series of ells and lean-tos fastened to it.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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