engramn.

Brit.

/ˈɛnɡram/,

/ˈɛŋɡram/, U.S.

/ˈɛnɡræm/

Etymology: < German engramm (R. Semon Die Mneme (1904) ii. 20), < Greek ἐν en- prefix¹ + γράμμα letter.

A memory-trace; a permanent and heritable physical change in the nerve tissue of the brain, posited to account for the existence of memory. Cf. ecphore v.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > acquisition of knowledge > capacity for retaining experience > [noun] > change in brain > from act of memorizing > hypothesized as permanent

engram1908

neurogram1910

1908 Mind XVII. 275 Forel..uses the ‘engram’ theory of Semon.

1923 C. K. Ogden & I. A. Richards Meaning of Meaning iii. 138 Past strikings [of a match] have left, in our organisation, engrams, residual traces which help to determine what the mental process will be.

1927 C. E. M. Joad Mind & its Workings 40 What I am aware of when I appear to remember something is not the past occurrence which, as I say, I remember, but a present state or modification of my body. This present state or modification is called an engram.

1951 G. Humphrey Thinking viii. 226 The tendency to substantialize the end product of a part of the activity, and to speak..of engrams, neural imprints, sensation, [etc.].

1967 New Scientist 27 July 206/1 The two most popular chemical contenders for this elusive ‘memory trace’ or ‘engram’ have been ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein.

Derivatives

enˈgraphic adj. of or pertaining to engraphy.

ΚΠ

1921 L. Simon tr. R. Semon Mneme ii. 24 When an organism has been temporarily stimulated and has passed, after the cessation of the stimulus, into the condition of ‘secondary indifference’, it can be shown that such organism..has been permanently affected. This I call the engraphic action of a stimulus, because a permanent record has been written or engraved on the irritable substance. I use the word engram to denote this permanent change wrought by a stimulus; the sum of such engrams in an organism may be called its ‘engram-store’.

1925 C. Fox Educ. Psychol. 10 When a child simultaneously sees his nurse and receives food, both the optical stimulus and the taste stimuli produce their engraphic effects and the engrams are permanently associated.

enˈgraphically adv.

ΚΠ

1921 L. Simon tr. R. Semon Mneme ii. 32 Neither can such influences act engraphically.

engraphy n.

/ˈɛnɡrəfɪ/ the action of exciting an organism in such a way that a permanent change or engram results.

ΚΠ

1921 L. Simon tr. R. Semon Mneme ii. 274 The engram-association is a result of engraphy and becomes manifest on ecphory.

1923 B. Duffy tr. R. Semon Mnemic Psych. 235 It is only through ecphory that we first get to know the existence of engraphy, and there can be no ecphory unless preceded by engraphy.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	engram
释义	engramn. Brit. /ˈɛnɡram/, /ˈɛŋɡram/, U.S. /ˈɛnɡræm/ Etymology: < German engramm (R. Semon Die Mneme (1904) ii. 20), < Greek ἐν en- prefix¹ + γράμμα letter. A memory-trace; a permanent and heritable physical change in the nerve tissue of the brain, posited to account for the existence of memory. Cf. ecphore v. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > acquisition of knowledge > capacity for retaining experience > [noun] > change in brain > from act of memorizing > hypothesized as permanent engram1908 neurogram1910 1908 Mind XVII. 275 Forel..uses the ‘engram’ theory of Semon. 1923 C. K. Ogden & I. A. Richards Meaning of Meaning iii. 138 Past strikings [of a match] have left, in our organisation, engrams, residual traces which help to determine what the mental process will be. 1927 C. E. M. Joad Mind & its Workings 40 What I am aware of when I appear to remember something is not the past occurrence which, as I say, I remember, but a present state or modification of my body. This present state or modification is called an engram. 1951 G. Humphrey Thinking viii. 226 The tendency to substantialize the end product of a part of the activity, and to speak..of engrams, neural imprints, sensation, [etc.]. 1967 New Scientist 27 July 206/1 The two most popular chemical contenders for this elusive ‘memory trace’ or ‘engram’ have been ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein. Derivatives enˈgraphic adj. of or pertaining to engraphy. ΚΠ 1921 L. Simon tr. R. Semon Mneme ii. 24 When an organism has been temporarily stimulated and has passed, after the cessation of the stimulus, into the condition of ‘secondary indifference’, it can be shown that such organism..has been permanently affected. This I call the engraphic action of a stimulus, because a permanent record has been written or engraved on the irritable substance. I use the word engram to denote this permanent change wrought by a stimulus; the sum of such engrams in an organism may be called its ‘engram-store’. 1925 C. Fox Educ. Psychol. 10 When a child simultaneously sees his nurse and receives food, both the optical stimulus and the taste stimuli produce their engraphic effects and the engrams are permanently associated. enˈgraphically adv. ΚΠ 1921 L. Simon tr. R. Semon Mneme ii. 32 Neither can such influences act engraphically. engraphy n. /ˈɛnɡrəfɪ/ the action of exciting an organism in such a way that a permanent change or engram results. ΚΠ 1921 L. Simon tr. R. Semon Mneme ii. 274 The engram-association is a result of engraphy and becomes manifest on ecphory. 1923 B. Duffy tr. R. Semon Mnemic Psych. 235 It is only through ecphory that we first get to know the existence of engraphy, and there can be no ecphory unless preceded by engraphy. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1908
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