elevenadj.n.

Brit.

/ᵻˈlɛvn/, U.S.

/əˈlɛv(ə)n/,

/iˈlɛv(ə)n/

Forms:

α. (a) Old English ænlufon; (b) Old English ændlefan, Old English ændlifan, Old English ændlufon, Old English ændlyfan, Old English ændlyofon, Old English andleofan, Old English–early Middle English ændlefen, late Old English ændeleofon, early Middle English ondleuene (south-western); (c) Old English ællef (Northumbrian, perhaps transmission error), Old English ællefn- (Northumbrian, inflected form), early Middle English ælleuene (south-west midlands), Middle English aleuen, Middle English aleuene, Middle English alevyn, Middle English alleuene, Middle English onlevene, 1500s aleven (Shropshire). Scottish pre-1700 alauin, pre-1700 alavyn, pre-1700 alavyne, pre-1700 alawen, pre-1700 aleaven, pre-1700 alefyne, pre-1700 aleivine, pre-1700 aleuin, pre-1700 alevin, pre-1700 alevine, pre-1700 alevyn, pre-1700 alevyne, pre-1700 alewin, pre-1700 alewine, pre-1700 alewyn, pre-1700 alewyne, pre-1700 aliuin, pre-1700 alleavin, pre-1700 alleavine, pre-1700 alleuyn, pre-1700 allevin, pre-1700 allevine, pre-1700 allewin, pre-1700 allewing.

β. Old English enlefan, early Middle English enlouene (south-western), early Middle English enlufon, Middle English enlefne, Middle English enleuen, Middle English enleuene (chiefly south-west midlands and south-western), Middle English enlevene, Middle English enlevyn.

γ. Old English endlefan, Old English endleofan, Old English endleofen, Old English endleofon, Old English endleofun, Old English endlifan, Old English endlofan, Old English endlufen, Old English endlufon, Old English endluuon, Old English endlyfan, Old English endlyfen, Old English endlyfon, Old English–early Middle English endlefen, Old English–early Middle English endlufan, Old English–early Middle English endlufun, late Old English endlyuan, early Middle English endleouan, early Middle English endlyfæn, Middle English endeleuene, Middle English endleuene.

δ. Old English ellefne (rare), early Middle English elleouen, early Middle English elleouene, Middle English eleivan (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English eleuene, Middle English eleuon (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English eleuyn, Middle English elevene, Middle English elevyne, Middle English elleuen, Middle English elleuene, Middle English elleuin, Middle English elleuyn, Middle English ellevene, Middle English elleyuen (northern), Middle English–1600s eleuen, Middle English– eleven, 1500s–1600s elevyn; Scottish pre-1700 eleavin, pre-1700 eleivine, pre-1700 eleuin, pre-1700 elevein, pre-1700 elevin, pre-1700 elevine, pre-1700 elewin, pre-1700 elivine, pre-1700 elleavin, pre-1700 elleavine, pre-1700 elleivine, pre-1700 elleuin, pre-1700 elleven, pre-1700 ellevin, pre-1700 ellevine, pre-1700 ellevyn, pre-1700 ellevyne, pre-1700 ellewen, pre-1700 ellewin, pre-1700 ellewyn, pre-1700 1700s– eleven, pre-1700 1800s– eleiven, 1800s ele'en, 1800s eleeven, 1800s– eleyven, 1800s– ileeven (Shetland); English regional 1800s eleeben (northern), 1800s ellebn (Isle of Wight); N.E.D. (1891) also records a form Middle English ellyven.

ε. (chiefly south-west midlands and south-western) (a) Middle English enleue; (b) Middle English endleue; (c) early Middle English eolleue, Middle English elleue.

See also leven adj. and n. Also represented by the numerical symbols 11, xi, XI.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian andlova , allewa , elleva , alva , elleve , ellif , elf (West Frisian alve , alf ), Middle Dutch eenlef , ellef , elf , elleven , aleven (Dutch elf ), Old Saxon ellivan (Middle Low German elven , elf ), Old High German einlif (Middle High German einlif , einlef , eilif , German elf ), Old Icelandic ellifu , Old Swedish ällivu , ällova , ällevo (Swedish elva ), Old Danish ællefue (Danish elleve ), Gothic ainlif < the Germanic base of one n. + an element of uncertain origin also found in twelve adj. and n. (see below). Compare leven adj. and n.Origin of the second element. The original sense of the Germanic formation was apparently ‘one left (after counting to ten)’. The second element is either (a) < an ablaut variant of the same Germanic base as belive v.¹ (see also leave v.¹), or (b) < the same Germanic base as the Germanic forms cited at loan n.¹ In the latter case, the development of the original labiovelar to labial fricative (compare -f- , -v- in the cognate forms cited above) would have taken place in the Germanic form of twelve adj. and n., and would subsequently have been extended by analogy to the Germanic form of eleven adj. and n. A formation that is either similar or identical (depending on the origin of the second element in the Germanic word) is shown by Lithuanian vienuolika eleven < vienas one n. + a second element (used also in Lithuanian cardinal numerals from twelve to nineteen) < the same base as (with different ablaut grade) Lithuanian liekas spare, excessive, eleventh (itself < the same Indo-European base as the Germanic forms cited at loan n.¹). Form history. In English, the termination of the stem was remodelled probably after ten adj., n., and adv. (compare discussion at that entry, and also at seven adj. and n.). A similar development is shown by Old Frisian (where the n was subsequently lost by a regular sound change), Old Saxon, and (occasionally) Middle Dutch. The ε. forms without final -n (attested only in Middle English) probably reflect a general tendency to the loss of -n after an unstressed vowel (see N n., and compare the β. forms at seven adj. and n.). The γ. forms (also α. (b) and ε. (b)) show development of an epenthetic d in the consonant cluster -nl- , while the δ. forms (also α. (c) and ε. (c)) show assimilation of -nl- . The β. forms are rarely attested in Old English. Some of the Middle English instances may show a simplification of the consonant cluster -ndl- (compare the γ. forms) rather than a direct continuation of the original -nl- . In Middle English, for an uncertain reason (perhaps originally in four-syllable forms like elleuene), the stress was shifted from the initial to the second syllable (compare the modern standard form, and also leven adj. and n.). Early inflected forms. In Old English (in common with other numerals from 4 to 12) used either without change of form (especially when attributive) or with plural inflectional endings (originally i-stem), as nominative and accusative -e, dative -um.

The cardinal numeral next after ten, represented by the symbols 11 or xi.

A. adj.

1. With modified noun expressed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > eleven

elevenc890

hendecadOE

levenc1480

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [adjective] > eleven

elevenc890

undecimal1804

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > eleven > eleven things, persons, etc.

elevenc890

hendecadOE

c890 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. v. xviii. (Bosw.) Osred ðæt rice hæfde endleofan wintra.

OE Andreas (1932) 664 Næs þær folces ma on siðfate, sinra leoda, nemne ellefne orettmæcgas, geteled tireadige.

c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxxii. 22 [Jacob] nam his wif mid hira endlufon sunum.

c1325 Coer de L. 2725 Onlevene thousand of our meyné.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds i. 26 Mathi..was noumbrid to gidere with enleuene apostlis.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. iv. 227 Thou hast hanged on myn hals elleuen tymes.

c1400 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 216 I have had ther-to lechys aleven, and they gave me medysins all.

a1440 Sir Degrev. 342 More then enleve mele.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cii. 82 And this mysauenture dured enleuen yere and moo.

1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 7th Serm. sig. Aaiii^v It was a solitarye place and thither he wente w^t hys leauen Apostles.

1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 4509 in Wks. (1931) I The ȝeir of oure Saluatioun Alewin hundreth and sax and fyftie.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. vi. 5 Eleuen houres I spent to wryte it ouer.

a1626 J. Horsey Relacion Trav. in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) 188 Aleaven of his..servants.

1691 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 8) 154 Nor the Height above ten or eleven [Feet] at most.

1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France iii, in Wks. (1808) VIII. 301 Eleven days they had the full use of Bantry Bay.

1887 Ruskin in Pall Mall Gaz. 2 Sept. 3/2 Humanity..had reduced itself to see no more than eleven eyes in a peacock's tail.

a. With ellipsis of the noun, which may usually be supplied from the context. the Eleven n. sc. disciples; also, a body of executive officers at Athens.

ΚΠ

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7252 Bi tene & bi ælleuene [c1300 Otho enlouene].

c1275 Old Eng. Misc. 55 He seyde to his apostles . hi weren elleouene.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 298 In þe þousend ȝer of grace, and endleuene þerto.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 343 Sex score and enleuene.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4119 An was eildest o þe elleuen.

1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 130 When they passe a leven or twelve they are not to be accompted an aray.

1611 Bible (King James) Luke xxiv. 33 And found the eleuen gathered together.

1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto I xlix. 27 At six a charming child, and at eleven With all the promise of as fine a face.

1849 G. Grote Hist. Greece V. ii. lxii. 427 They were handed over to the magistrates called the Eleven.

b. esp. sc. hours: as eleven o'clock, etc.

ΚΠ

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xx. f. 6 About a leuen of the clocke.

1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. ii. 251 Vpon the platforme, twixt eleuen and twelue, Ile visit you.

1759 Compl. Let.-writer (ed. 6) 227 The Ball continued its Briskness and vivacity..'till about Eleven.

1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 65 When the clock strack eleeben.

c. eleven o'clock (dialect and formerly in U.S.A.), eleven hours (Sc.), a refreshment or slight repast taken at about eleven o'clock.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > light meal or snacks

nuncheonc1260

morsela1382

refection?a1439

mixtumc1490

bever1500

banquet1509

collation1525

snatch1570

beverage1577

a little something1577

anders-meat1598

four-hours1637

watering1637

refreshment1639

snap1642

luncheona1652

crib1652

prandicle1656

munchin1657

baita1661

unch1663

afternooning1678

whet1688

nacket1694

merenda1740

rinfresco1745

bagging?1746

snack1757

coffee1774

second breakfast1775

nummit1777

stay-stomach1800

damper1804

eleven o'clock1805

noonshine1808

by-bit1819

morning1819

four1823

four o'clock1825

lunch1829

stay-bit1833

picnic meal1839

elevens1849

Tommy1864

picnic tea1869

dinnerette1872

merienda1880

elevenses1887

light bite1887

soldier's supper1893

mug-up1902

tray1914

café complet1933

nosha1941

namkeen1942

snax1947

snackette1952

chaat1954

ploughman's lunch1957

munchie1959

playlunch1960

short-eat1962

lite bite1965

munchie1971

ploughman1975

aperitivo2002

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] > refreshment

recreationa1393

refectiona1398

refreshmenta1470

refetea1500

eleven o'clock1805

1805 A. Scott Poems (1808) 120 At length, 'le'en hour's time brought the dame.

1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Eleven-hours, a luncheon; so called from the time that labourers or children get their meridian.

1845 S. Judd Margaret ii. i. 214 Men and boys were seen going to the tavern for their eleven o'clock.

1898 ‘S. Tytler’ Mrs. Carmichael's Goddesses xv. 183 I was trying my 'prentice hand at sawing and hammering and polishing till my ‘leven hours’.

1900 Eng. Dial. Dict. II. 247/2 Eleven hours,—o'clock or o'clocks.

B. n.

1. The abstract number eleven.

ΚΠ

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) ix. iv. 349 Thryes enleuen makyth thre and thyrty.

a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 123 Nyne, ten, aleuyn, twelue.

2. A set of eleven persons; esp. a set of eleven players forming ‘a side’ at cricket or football.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > cricketer > [noun] > side

eleven1731

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > eleven > set of eleven persons

elevenc1800

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > association football > [noun] > player > team

elevenc1800

1731 London Evening Post 24 Aug. The great cricket-match between the Duke of Richmond’s and Mr. — Chambers’s elevens for 200 guineas was begun to be played on Monday.

1759 T. Turner Diary 5 July (1984) (modernized text) I walked..to the Dicker to see a game at cricket played between the same two elevens that played on Eason's Green the 28th ult.

c1800 in Etoniana v. 95 The eleven of football and the eleven of cricket.

1885 Truth 28 May 836/2 Such a county should..produce a few bowlers to maintain the credit of its eleven.

1899 H. T. Waghorn Cricket Scores 30 The above match was played in the Artillery Ground between the above elevens.

†3. In phrase, by the elevens! (of uncertain origin). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer ii. 19 By the elevens, my pleace is gone quite out of my head.

Compounds

C1.

elevenfold adj. and adv.

ΚΠ

1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Bii Vndecupla 11 to 1: 22 to 2: 33 to 3, aleuenfolde.

elevenpenny n. combining form of eleven pence, as in elevenpenny bit: formerly, in the U.S., a coin of the value of twelve and a half cents; = levy n.²

ΚΠ

1807 C. W. Janson Stranger in Amer. xiv. 186 Beggars will also stipulate with you as to the sum they expect to be given them—they will name a quarter of a dollar, a nine-penny or eleven penny bit.

1826 New-Harmony (Indiana) Gaz. 3 May 256/2 There were many poor people that would have made the shirts for three elevenpenny bits apiece.

1842 Congr. Globe 9 July App. 699 The bones of the biggest statesman,..ground into dust, would not be worth an elevenpenny bit.

1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) Levy,..In..Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, the Spanish real..twelve and a half cents. Sometimes called an elevenpenny bit.

1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed ix. 182 The one-and-elevenpenny umbrella.

eleven-plus n. the age (between 11 and 12) at which pupils leave primary schools; also, an examination taken at the same stage before entering one of the various types of secondary schools.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [noun] > specific age

yearOE

scorea1400

seventeena1568

threescorea1616

jubileea1640

military age1656

legal age1658

tecnogoniaa1676

sixty1717

forty1732

fifty1738

seven-year-old1762

teen1789

septuagenarianism1824

sexagenarianism1824

day-old1831

seventeen-year-old1858

centenarianism1863

roaring forties1867

twenties1874

leaving age1875

school-leaving age1881

octogenarianism1883

reading age1906

three1909

teenage1912

eleven-plus1937

society > education > educational administration > school administration > [noun] > school leaving age > end of primary schooling

eleven-plus1937

1937 E. Garnett Family from One End St. iii. 27 The age known in state educational circles as ‘eleven-plus’ (that year of destiny for all elementary school children with any ambition).

1945 Lancet 30 June 823/1 A universal age of entry at 11+ and a leaving age of 16 will go far.

1957 Listener 21 Nov. 853/2 The most helpful book that has so far appeared on ‘eleven plus’.

1957 Listener 21 Nov. 853/2 The so-called eleven plus examination.

1958 Economist 12 Apr. 99/1 Labour..turns to the Rent Act, the block grant, the ‘iniquitous eleven-plus’.

1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren xi. 227 They [sc. children] are particularly conscientious about bringing charms to the 11-plus examination, the ‘scholarship’ as they call it, which determines whether they shall go on to a grammar school or to a secondary modern.

eleven-pointer n. a stag whose horns show eleven points.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > body and parts > antler > branch > stag with horns having specific number branches

hart of ten1598

deer of ten1632

eleven-pointer1803

royal1848

pointer1883

ten-pointer1883

1803 E. L. Peel in Longman's Mag. Nov. 74 A grand eleven-pointer..standing out alone.

C2.

eleven-o'-clock n. (see A. 2b), used attributively or as adj. in eleven-o'-clock lady, eleven-o'-clock wind (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1879 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants (ed. 3) Eleven o'clock lady, Fr. dame d'onze heures, from its waking up and opening its eyes so late in the day; the star of Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum, L.).

1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 9 July 8/2 A..stiff breeze..called ‘eleven o'clock wind’..that is to say, supposing the target to be marked like the dial of a clock, the wind would blow..in the direction of the figure 11.

Derivatives

eˈlevens n. dialect an eleven-o'-clock meal, a luncheon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > light meal or snacks

nuncheonc1260

morsela1382

refection?a1439

mixtumc1490

bever1500

banquet1509

collation1525

snatch1570

beverage1577

a little something1577

anders-meat1598

four-hours1637

watering1637

refreshment1639

snap1642

luncheona1652

crib1652

prandicle1656

munchin1657

baita1661

unch1663

afternooning1678

whet1688

nacket1694

merenda1740

rinfresco1745

bagging?1746

snack1757

coffee1774

second breakfast1775

nummit1777

stay-stomach1800

damper1804

eleven o'clock1805

noonshine1808

by-bit1819

morning1819

four1823

four o'clock1825

lunch1829

stay-bit1833

picnic meal1839

elevens1849

Tommy1864

picnic tea1869

dinnerette1872

merienda1880

elevenses1887

light bite1887

soldier's supper1893

mug-up1902

tray1914

café complet1933

nosha1941

namkeen1942

snax1947

snackette1952

chaat1954

ploughman's lunch1957

munchie1959

playlunch1960

short-eat1962

lite bite1965

munchie1971

ploughman1975

aperitivo2002

1849 W. Raynbird & H. Raynbird On Agric. Suffolk vi. 296 The name ‘fourzes’ and ‘elevens’, given to these short periods of rest and refreshment, show when taken.

1865 W. White Eastern Eng. II. 197 ‘I commonly has a drop [of ale] for my elevens; but I can manage a pint o' a'ternoons besides.’

Draft additions September 2018

colloquial (usually humorous) (up) to eleven: so as to reach or surpass the maximum level or limit; to an extreme or intense degree. Esp. in to turn (something) up to eleven and variants. [With allusion to a scene in the rock-music mockumentary This is Spinal Tap (1984), featuring an amplifier with control knobs having 11 rather than 10 as the highest setting; see quot. 1984.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > a great quantity, amount, or degree [phrase] > to or beyond the maximum

to the max1911

up to eleven1987

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > greatly or very much [phrase] > in or to the greatest degree

never solOE

with (also mid) the mostc1275

for the masteryc1325

to the bestc1390

to the uttermostc1400

at the hardest1429

to the utmostc1450

to the skies (also sky)1559

at float1594

all to nothing1606

to the height1609

to the proofa1625

to the last degree1639

to the welkin?1746

(the) worst kind1839

for all it's worth1864

as —— as they make them?a1880

in the highest1897

to the nth (degree, power)1897

up to eleven1987

1984 C. Guest et al. This is Spinal Tap (transcribed from film) [Nigel] The numbers all go to eleven... You're on ten on your guitar, where can you go from there?.. [Marty] Put it up to eleven. [Nigel] Eleven. Exactly. One louder. [Marty] Why don't you just make ten louder and make ten be the top number and make that a little louder? [Pause. Nigel] These go to eleven.]

1987 Sounds 18 July 26/1 The figures are surrounded by womb-like walls of amplifiers. They all appear to be turned up to eleven.

1996 Financial Post (Canada) (Nexis) 1 Nov. (Mag.) 144 Her obsessive desire..has got to make some sort of sense, otherwise, it's just the story of a femme fatale turned up to eleven.

2008 @thinguy 18 July in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Gym time. Hamstrings and calves. Need to take it to 11.

2015 J. Cobb Prepper's Financial Guide i. 8 An economic collapse is an economic depression cranked up to eleven.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	eleven
释义	elevenadj.n. Brit. /ᵻˈlɛvn/, U.S. /əˈlɛv(ə)n/, /iˈlɛv(ə)n/ Forms: α. (a) Old English ænlufon; (b) Old English ændlefan, Old English ændlifan, Old English ændlufon, Old English ændlyfan, Old English ændlyofon, Old English andleofan, Old English–early Middle English ændlefen, late Old English ændeleofon, early Middle English ondleuene (south-western); (c) Old English ællef (Northumbrian, perhaps transmission error), Old English ællefn- (Northumbrian, inflected form), early Middle English ælleuene (south-west midlands), Middle English aleuen, Middle English aleuene, Middle English alevyn, Middle English alleuene, Middle English onlevene, 1500s aleven (Shropshire). Scottish pre-1700 alauin, pre-1700 alavyn, pre-1700 alavyne, pre-1700 alawen, pre-1700 aleaven, pre-1700 alefyne, pre-1700 aleivine, pre-1700 aleuin, pre-1700 alevin, pre-1700 alevine, pre-1700 alevyn, pre-1700 alevyne, pre-1700 alewin, pre-1700 alewine, pre-1700 alewyn, pre-1700 alewyne, pre-1700 aliuin, pre-1700 alleavin, pre-1700 alleavine, pre-1700 alleuyn, pre-1700 allevin, pre-1700 allevine, pre-1700 allewin, pre-1700 allewing. β. Old English enlefan, early Middle English enlouene (south-western), early Middle English enlufon, Middle English enlefne, Middle English enleuen, Middle English enleuene (chiefly south-west midlands and south-western), Middle English enlevene, Middle English enlevyn. γ. Old English endlefan, Old English endleofan, Old English endleofen, Old English endleofon, Old English endleofun, Old English endlifan, Old English endlofan, Old English endlufen, Old English endlufon, Old English endluuon, Old English endlyfan, Old English endlyfen, Old English endlyfon, Old English–early Middle English endlefen, Old English–early Middle English endlufan, Old English–early Middle English endlufun, late Old English endlyuan, early Middle English endleouan, early Middle English endlyfæn, Middle English endeleuene, Middle English endleuene. δ. Old English ellefne (rare), early Middle English elleouen, early Middle English elleouene, Middle English eleivan (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English eleuene, Middle English eleuon (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English eleuyn, Middle English elevene, Middle English elevyne, Middle English elleuen, Middle English elleuene, Middle English elleuin, Middle English elleuyn, Middle English ellevene, Middle English elleyuen (northern), Middle English–1600s eleuen, Middle English– eleven, 1500s–1600s elevyn; Scottish pre-1700 eleavin, pre-1700 eleivine, pre-1700 eleuin, pre-1700 elevein, pre-1700 elevin, pre-1700 elevine, pre-1700 elewin, pre-1700 elivine, pre-1700 elleavin, pre-1700 elleavine, pre-1700 elleivine, pre-1700 elleuin, pre-1700 elleven, pre-1700 ellevin, pre-1700 ellevine, pre-1700 ellevyn, pre-1700 ellevyne, pre-1700 ellewen, pre-1700 ellewin, pre-1700 ellewyn, pre-1700 1700s– eleven, pre-1700 1800s– eleiven, 1800s ele'en, 1800s eleeven, 1800s– eleyven, 1800s– ileeven (Shetland); English regional 1800s eleeben (northern), 1800s ellebn (Isle of Wight); N.E.D. (1891) also records a form Middle English ellyven. ε. (chiefly south-west midlands and south-western) (a) Middle English enleue; (b) Middle English endleue; (c) early Middle English eolleue, Middle English elleue. See also leven adj. and n. Also represented by the numerical symbols 11, xi, XI. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian andlova , allewa , elleva , alva , elleve , ellif , elf (West Frisian alve , alf ), Middle Dutch eenlef , ellef , elf , elleven , aleven (Dutch elf ), Old Saxon ellivan (Middle Low German elven , elf ), Old High German einlif (Middle High German einlif , einlef , eilif , German elf ), Old Icelandic ellifu , Old Swedish ällivu , ällova , ällevo (Swedish elva ), Old Danish ællefue (Danish elleve ), Gothic ainlif < the Germanic base of one n. + an element of uncertain origin also found in twelve adj. and n. (see below). Compare leven adj. and n.Origin of the second element. The original sense of the Germanic formation was apparently ‘one left (after counting to ten)’. The second element is either (a) < an ablaut variant of the same Germanic base as belive v.¹ (see also leave v.¹), or (b) < the same Germanic base as the Germanic forms cited at loan n.¹ In the latter case, the development of the original labiovelar to labial fricative (compare -f- , -v- in the cognate forms cited above) would have taken place in the Germanic form of twelve adj. and n., and would subsequently have been extended by analogy to the Germanic form of eleven adj. and n. A formation that is either similar or identical (depending on the origin of the second element in the Germanic word) is shown by Lithuanian vienuolika eleven < vienas one n. + a second element (used also in Lithuanian cardinal numerals from twelve to nineteen) < the same base as (with different ablaut grade) Lithuanian liekas spare, excessive, eleventh (itself < the same Indo-European base as the Germanic forms cited at loan n.¹). Form history. In English, the termination of the stem was remodelled probably after ten adj., n., and adv. (compare discussion at that entry, and also at seven adj. and n.). A similar development is shown by Old Frisian (where the n was subsequently lost by a regular sound change), Old Saxon, and (occasionally) Middle Dutch. The ε. forms without final -n (attested only in Middle English) probably reflect a general tendency to the loss of -n after an unstressed vowel (see N n., and compare the β. forms at seven adj. and n.). The γ. forms (also α. (b) and ε. (b)) show development of an epenthetic d in the consonant cluster -nl- , while the δ. forms (also α. (c) and ε. (c)) show assimilation of -nl- . The β. forms are rarely attested in Old English. Some of the Middle English instances may show a simplification of the consonant cluster -ndl- (compare the γ. forms) rather than a direct continuation of the original -nl- . In Middle English, for an uncertain reason (perhaps originally in four-syllable forms like elleuene), the stress was shifted from the initial to the second syllable (compare the modern standard form, and also leven adj. and n.). Early inflected forms. In Old English (in common with other numerals from 4 to 12) used either without change of form (especially when attributive) or with plural inflectional endings (originally i-stem), as nominative and accusative -e, dative -um. The cardinal numeral next after ten, represented by the symbols 11 or xi. A. adj. 1. With modified noun expressed. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > eleven elevenc890 hendecadOE levenc1480 the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [adjective] > eleven elevenc890 undecimal1804 the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > eleven > eleven things, persons, etc. elevenc890 hendecadOE c890 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. v. xviii. (Bosw.) Osred ðæt rice hæfde endleofan wintra. OE Andreas (1932) 664 Næs þær folces ma on siðfate, sinra leoda, nemne ellefne orettmæcgas, geteled tireadige. c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxxii. 22 [Jacob] nam his wif mid hira endlufon sunum. c1325 Coer de L. 2725 Onlevene thousand of our meyné. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds i. 26 Mathi..was noumbrid to gidere with enleuene apostlis. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. iv. 227 Thou hast hanged on myn hals elleuen tymes. c1400 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 216 I have had ther-to lechys aleven, and they gave me medysins all. a1440 Sir Degrev. 342 More then enleve mele. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cii. 82 And this mysauenture dured enleuen yere and moo. 1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 7th Serm. sig. Aaiii^v It was a solitarye place and thither he wente w^t hys leauen Apostles. 1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 4509 in Wks. (1931) I The ȝeir of oure Saluatioun Alewin hundreth and sax and fyftie. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. vi. 5 Eleuen houres I spent to wryte it ouer. View more context for this quotation a1626 J. Horsey Relacion Trav. in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) 188 Aleaven of his..servants. 1691 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 8) 154 Nor the Height above ten or eleven [Feet] at most. 1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France iii, in Wks. (1808) VIII. 301 Eleven days they had the full use of Bantry Bay. 1887 Ruskin in Pall Mall Gaz. 2 Sept. 3/2 Humanity..had reduced itself to see no more than eleven eyes in a peacock's tail. 2. a. With ellipsis of the noun, which may usually be supplied from the context. the Eleven n. sc. disciples; also, a body of executive officers at Athens. ΚΠ c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7252 Bi tene & bi ælleuene [c1300 Otho enlouene]. c1275 Old Eng. Misc. 55 He seyde to his apostles . hi weren elleouene. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 298 In þe þousend ȝer of grace, and endleuene þerto. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 343 Sex score and enleuene. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4119 An was eildest o þe elleuen. 1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 130 When they passe a leven or twelve they are not to be accompted an aray. 1611 Bible (King James) Luke xxiv. 33 And found the eleuen gathered together. View more context for this quotation 1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto I xlix. 27 At six a charming child, and at eleven With all the promise of as fine a face. 1849 G. Grote Hist. Greece V. ii. lxii. 427 They were handed over to the magistrates called the Eleven. b. esp. sc. hours: as eleven o'clock, etc. ΚΠ 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xx. f. 6 About a leuen of the clocke. 1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. ii. 251 Vpon the platforme, twixt eleuen and twelue, Ile visit you. 1759 Compl. Let.-writer (ed. 6) 227 The Ball continued its Briskness and vivacity..'till about Eleven. 1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 65 When the clock strack eleeben. c. eleven o'clock (dialect and formerly in U.S.A.), eleven hours (Sc.), a refreshment or slight repast taken at about eleven o'clock. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > light meal or snacks nuncheonc1260 morsela1382 refection?a1439 mixtumc1490 bever1500 banquet1509 collation1525 snatch1570 beverage1577 a little something1577 anders-meat1598 four-hours1637 watering1637 refreshment1639 snap1642 luncheona1652 crib1652 prandicle1656 munchin1657 baita1661 unch1663 afternooning1678 whet1688 nacket1694 merenda1740 rinfresco1745 bagging?1746 snack1757 coffee1774 second breakfast1775 nummit1777 stay-stomach1800 damper1804 eleven o'clock1805 noonshine1808 by-bit1819 morning1819 four1823 four o'clock1825 lunch1829 stay-bit1833 picnic meal1839 elevens1849 Tommy1864 picnic tea1869 dinnerette1872 merienda1880 elevenses1887 light bite1887 soldier's supper1893 mug-up1902 tray1914 café complet1933 nosha1941 namkeen1942 snax1947 snackette1952 chaat1954 ploughman's lunch1957 munchie1959 playlunch1960 short-eat1962 lite bite1965 munchie1971 ploughman1975 aperitivo2002 the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] > refreshment recreationa1393 refectiona1398 refreshmenta1470 refetea1500 eleven o'clock1805 1805 A. Scott Poems (1808) 120 At length, 'le'en hour's time brought the dame. 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Eleven-hours, a luncheon; so called from the time that labourers or children get their meridian. 1845 S. Judd Margaret ii. i. 214 Men and boys were seen going to the tavern for their eleven o'clock. 1898 ‘S. Tytler’ Mrs. Carmichael's Goddesses xv. 183 I was trying my 'prentice hand at sawing and hammering and polishing till my ‘leven hours’. 1900 Eng. Dial. Dict. II. 247/2 Eleven hours,—o'clock or o'clocks. B. n. 1. The abstract number eleven. ΚΠ 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) ix. iv. 349 Thryes enleuen makyth thre and thyrty. a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 123 Nyne, ten, aleuyn, twelue. 2. A set of eleven persons; esp. a set of eleven players forming ‘a side’ at cricket or football. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > cricketer > [noun] > side eleven1731 the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > eleven > set of eleven persons elevenc1800 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > association football > [noun] > player > team elevenc1800 1731 London Evening Post 24 Aug. The great cricket-match between the Duke of Richmond’s and Mr. — Chambers’s elevens for 200 guineas was begun to be played on Monday. 1759 T. Turner Diary 5 July (1984) (modernized text) I walked..to the Dicker to see a game at cricket played between the same two elevens that played on Eason's Green the 28th ult. c1800 in Etoniana v. 95 The eleven of football and the eleven of cricket. 1885 Truth 28 May 836/2 Such a county should..produce a few bowlers to maintain the credit of its eleven. 1899 H. T. Waghorn Cricket Scores 30 The above match was played in the Artillery Ground between the above elevens. †3. In phrase, by the elevens! (of uncertain origin). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer ii. 19 By the elevens, my pleace is gone quite out of my head. Compounds C1. a. elevenfold adj. and adv. ΚΠ 1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Bii Vndecupla 11 to 1: 22 to 2: 33 to 3, aleuenfolde. b. elevenpenny n. combining form of eleven pence, as in elevenpenny bit: formerly, in the U.S., a coin of the value of twelve and a half cents; = levy n.² ΚΠ 1807 C. W. Janson Stranger in Amer. xiv. 186 Beggars will also stipulate with you as to the sum they expect to be given them—they will name a quarter of a dollar, a nine-penny or eleven penny bit. 1826 New-Harmony (Indiana) Gaz. 3 May 256/2 There were many poor people that would have made the shirts for three elevenpenny bits apiece. 1842 Congr. Globe 9 July App. 699 The bones of the biggest statesman,..ground into dust, would not be worth an elevenpenny bit. 1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) Levy,..In..Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, the Spanish real..twelve and a half cents. Sometimes called an elevenpenny bit. 1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed ix. 182 The one-and-elevenpenny umbrella. eleven-plus n. the age (between 11 and 12) at which pupils leave primary schools; also, an examination taken at the same stage before entering one of the various types of secondary schools. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [noun] > specific age yearOE scorea1400 seventeena1568 threescorea1616 jubileea1640 military age1656 legal age1658 tecnogoniaa1676 sixty1717 forty1732 fifty1738 seven-year-old1762 teen1789 septuagenarianism1824 sexagenarianism1824 day-old1831 seventeen-year-old1858 centenarianism1863 roaring forties1867 twenties1874 leaving age1875 school-leaving age1881 octogenarianism1883 reading age1906 three1909 teenage1912 eleven-plus1937 society > education > educational administration > school administration > [noun] > school leaving age > end of primary schooling eleven-plus1937 1937 E. Garnett Family from One End St. iii. 27 The age known in state educational circles as ‘eleven-plus’ (that year of destiny for all elementary school children with any ambition). 1945 Lancet 30 June 823/1 A universal age of entry at 11+ and a leaving age of 16 will go far. 1957 Listener 21 Nov. 853/2 The most helpful book that has so far appeared on ‘eleven plus’. 1957 Listener 21 Nov. 853/2 The so-called eleven plus examination. 1958 Economist 12 Apr. 99/1 Labour..turns to the Rent Act, the block grant, the ‘iniquitous eleven-plus’. 1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren xi. 227 They [sc. children] are particularly conscientious about bringing charms to the 11-plus examination, the ‘scholarship’ as they call it, which determines whether they shall go on to a grammar school or to a secondary modern. eleven-pointer n. a stag whose horns show eleven points. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > body and parts > antler > branch > stag with horns having specific number branches hart of ten1598 deer of ten1632 eleven-pointer1803 royal1848 pointer1883 ten-pointer1883 1803 E. L. Peel in Longman's Mag. Nov. 74 A grand eleven-pointer..standing out alone. C2. eleven-o'-clock n. (see A. 2b), used attributively or as adj. in eleven-o'-clock lady, eleven-o'-clock wind (see quots.). ΚΠ 1879 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants (ed. 3) Eleven o'clock lady, Fr. dame d'onze heures, from its waking up and opening its eyes so late in the day; the star of Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum, L.). 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 9 July 8/2 A..stiff breeze..called ‘eleven o'clock wind’..that is to say, supposing the target to be marked like the dial of a clock, the wind would blow..in the direction of the figure 11. Derivatives eˈlevens n. dialect an eleven-o'-clock meal, a luncheon. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > light meal or snacks nuncheonc1260 morsela1382 refection?a1439 mixtumc1490 bever1500 banquet1509 collation1525 snatch1570 beverage1577 a little something1577 anders-meat1598 four-hours1637 watering1637 refreshment1639 snap1642 luncheona1652 crib1652 prandicle1656 munchin1657 baita1661 unch1663 afternooning1678 whet1688 nacket1694 merenda1740 rinfresco1745 bagging?1746 snack1757 coffee1774 second breakfast1775 nummit1777 stay-stomach1800 damper1804 eleven o'clock1805 noonshine1808 by-bit1819 morning1819 four1823 four o'clock1825 lunch1829 stay-bit1833 picnic meal1839 elevens1849 Tommy1864 picnic tea1869 dinnerette1872 merienda1880 elevenses1887 light bite1887 soldier's supper1893 mug-up1902 tray1914 café complet1933 nosha1941 namkeen1942 snax1947 snackette1952 chaat1954 ploughman's lunch1957 munchie1959 playlunch1960 short-eat1962 lite bite1965 munchie1971 ploughman1975 aperitivo2002 1849 W. Raynbird & H. Raynbird On Agric. Suffolk vi. 296 The name ‘fourzes’ and ‘elevens’, given to these short periods of rest and refreshment, show when taken. 1865 W. White Eastern Eng. II. 197 ‘I commonly has a drop [of ale] for my elevens; but I can manage a pint o' a'ternoons besides.’ Draft additions September 2018 colloquial (usually humorous) (up) to eleven: so as to reach or surpass the maximum level or limit; to an extreme or intense degree. Esp. in to turn (something) up to eleven and variants. [With allusion to a scene in the rock-music mockumentary This is Spinal Tap (1984), featuring an amplifier with control knobs having 11 rather than 10 as the highest setting; see quot. 1984.] ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > a great quantity, amount, or degree [phrase] > to or beyond the maximum to the max1911 up to eleven1987 the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > greatly or very much [phrase] > in or to the greatest degree never solOE with (also mid) the mostc1275 for the masteryc1325 to the bestc1390 to the uttermostc1400 at the hardest1429 to the utmostc1450 to the skies (also sky)1559 at float1594 all to nothing1606 to the height1609 to the proofa1625 to the last degree1639 to the welkin?1746 (the) worst kind1839 for all it's worth1864 as —— as they make them?a1880 in the highest1897 to the nth (degree, power)1897 up to eleven1987 1984 C. Guest et al. This is Spinal Tap (transcribed from film) [Nigel] The numbers all go to eleven... You're on ten on your guitar, where can you go from there?.. [Marty] Put it up to eleven. [Nigel] Eleven. Exactly. One louder. [Marty] Why don't you just make ten louder and make ten be the top number and make that a little louder? [Pause. Nigel] These go to eleven.] 1987 Sounds 18 July 26/1 The figures are surrounded by womb-like walls of amplifiers. They all appear to be turned up to eleven. 1996 Financial Post (Canada) (Nexis) 1 Nov. (Mag.) 144 Her obsessive desire..has got to make some sort of sense, otherwise, it's just the story of a femme fatale turned up to eleven. 2008 @thinguy 18 July in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Gym time. Hamstrings and calves. Need to take it to 11. 2015 J. Cobb Prepper's Financial Guide i. 8 An economic collapse is an economic depression cranked up to eleven. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.c890
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