请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 empress
释义

empressn.

Brit. /ˈɛmprᵻs/, U.S. /ˈɛmprəs/
Forms:

α. Middle English amperesse, Middle English emparesse, Middle English emperes, Middle English emperice, Middle English emperis, Middle English emperise, Middle English emperisse, Middle English emperrice, Middle English emperyce, Middle English emperysse, Middle English emprice, Middle English emprise, Middle English empryce, Middle English emprys, Middle English–1500s empres, Middle English–1600s emperesse, Middle English–1600s empresse, Middle English–1700s emperess, 1500s emperyse, 1600s empiresse, 1600s– empress.

β. Middle English imparesse, Middle English imperes, Middle English imperice.

Also with capital initial.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French emperice, emperreis.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman emperice, emprice, Anglo-Norman and Old French empereis (Middle French emperreis, empreis) (mid 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman; also 12th cent. in Old French as empereriz ) < classical Latin imperātrīc- , imperātrīx imperatrix n. Compare emperor n.Compare Old Occitan emperairitz , Spanish emperatriz (1129), Portuguese imperatriz (13th cent. as †emperadriz ), Italian imperatrice (a1282). With the forms in -esse , -ess compare Middle French emperesse, emperresse (late 14th cent.), alteration (with suffix substitution: compare -esse -ess suffix1) of empereis , emperreis etc. With the form amperesse compare α. forms at emperor n. With β. forms compare classical Latin imperātrīc- , imperātrīx imperatrix n. and perhaps also im- prefix1.
1. Frequently as a title (often with the).
a. The wife or consort of an emperor.In early use frequently with reference to Matilda (1102–67), daughter of Henry I of England and consort to Heinrich V, Holy Roman Emperor.Indistinguishable from sense 1b in cases where an empress continues to rule after the death of the emperor.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] > empress
empress?a1160
empressa1387
imperatricec1450
imperatrix1610
?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1140 Þerefter com þe kinges dohter Henries, þe hefde ben Emperice [in] Alamanie & nu wæs cuntesse in Angou.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9064 He louede hire vor heo was eir & hei emperesse.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 5343 Meliors..was crouned emperice.
1520 Chron. Eng. vii. f. 79v/1 Wyllyam..helde warre agaynst Maude the empresse.
1559 Bp. Scot in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1824) I. ii. App. vii. 417 The emperesse Theodora that then was.
1618 L. Andrewes Serm. Easter Day 28 Presently fell Leo to writing letters..To the Emperour Martian himselfe (and to the Empresse to sollicite him).
1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. i. 53 Maude the Empresse..was put by the Crowne by the Prelates and Barons.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 411 Among the Emperesses.
a1745 J. Swift Stephen in Wks. (1768) XIII. 301 The earl of Chester..commanded there for the empress.
1762 Public Advertiser 13 Aug. 1/3 The reigning Empress published the following Manifesto. ‘We Catherine II. by the Grace of God, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias, &c.’
1836 Penny Cycl. V. 132/2 Napoleon..crowned his wife as empress.
1888 Times 19 Dec. 573. 7/4 The Queen and the Empress Frederick..were compelled to delay their departure from the Royal borough.
1905 W. Littlefield tr. H. de Noussanne Kaiser as he Is ii. ii. 103 As for the German Empress, although lavishly gotten up, she appeared altogether spare and lean in a gown that revealed neither variety nor art.
1958 W. Willetts Chinese Art I. v. 312 She became in turn Kao-tsung's concubine and Empress.
2001 Daily Tel. 4 Sept. 23/6 A clock..given, in 1804, to Napoleon Bonaparte who, in turn, had given it to the Empress Josephine.
b. A female emperor (emperor n. 1c), esp. one who inherits the position by right of birth.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] > empress
empress?a1160
empressa1387
imperatricec1450
imperatrix1610
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 189 Cleopatra, þe douȝter of Ptholomeus Denys kyng of Egipt, was emperise of Egipt [L. imperavit Ægyptiis] two and twenty ȝere.
1559 R. Crowley Lanquet's Epitome of Crons. (new ed.) iii. f. 194 After whome Constantine Monomathus was made emperour of Constantinople, and maried Zoe the empresse. He reigned .xii. yeres.
1604 W. Traheron tr. P. Mexia Hist. Rom. Emperors 611 In Constantinople during the time of this Emperour Henry..raigned Constantinvs Monachvs, by his marriage with the Empresse Zoe.
1744 J. Mottley Hist. Life & Reign Empress Catharine I. ii. 169 The present Empress Elizabeth,..Daughter of Peter the Great of immortal Memory.
1798 W. Tooke Life Catharine II (ed. 2) I. 55 What may be executed in ice was shewn by the ice-palace which the empress Anna caused to be built on the bank of the Neva in 1740.
1857 Daily News 24 Sept. 2/4 The fiction of the East India Company should be done away with, and the Queen proclaimed Empress of India.
1869 W. G. Dickson Japan ii. 94 These three men all lived and rose to power..during the reign of Koken the Empress.
1900 Theosophist Apr. 390 The announced preference of the Empress Gemmei for the rites of Buddhism aided very materially to establish it in Japan.
1936 Life 23 Nov. 32/1 Victoria came to the throne a queen in 1837 and died an empress in 1901.
2005 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 26 Oct. (Features section) 23 80 per cent of Japanese would like to see the law changed to allow a woman to become empress.
2. Any female whose authority is comparable to that of an empress; a female who exercises supreme or absolute power; spec. the Virgin Mary (frequently as Empress of Heaven, Empress of Hell, etc.). Also: a particularly fine and honourable woman.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > absolute ruler > [noun] > female
empressc1350
tyranness1590
autocratrix1747
autocratrice1758
autocratress1763
tyrantess1890
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 115 (MED) Þorȝ-out helle geþ here power, Ase he hys emperysse.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20801 (MED) Of heuen and erth..scho es quene, Bath imperice and heind leuedi.
a1450 (?1420) J. Lydgate Temple of Glas (Tanner) (1891) l. 1212 (MED) Hou I haue made hir þin hertes emperesse.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xix. 226 Thi moder is of helle emprise.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 67 Thus toe Venus turning spake thee Saturnical empresse [sc. Juno, daughter of Saturn].
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. iii. 40 Harke Tamora the Empresse of my soule. View more context for this quotation
1603 T. Dekker et al. Patient Grissill sig. D3v Now ile boast that I haue found, An Angell vpon earth: she shalbe cround The empresse of all women.
1658 A. Cokayne Chain of Golden Poems 45 You are my Empress; under your fair hand Send me what Destiny you will command.
1716 M. Hole Pract. Disc. Liturgy Church of Eng. IV. xviii. 140 I know some have carry'd this matter too high,..worshipping her [sc. the Virgin Mary] as a Goddess, as the Queen of Angels, and the Empress of Heaven.
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xi. 273 Thus while she spoke, in swarms hell's Empress brings Daughters and wives of heroes and of kings.
1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. i. 3 The lady Abbess..seemed the Empress of the scene.
1827 Amer. Masonic Rec. 14 Apr. 83/1 To the Empress of Heaven, mother of the eternal world, the leading star of all Spain,..the most holy Mary.
1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen v. 82 Yonder Empress..throned at the window of that humblest mud cottage.
1852 T. Carlyle Let. 7 May (1999) 108 Poor Margaret [Fuller]... Such a predetermination to eat this big universe as her oyster or her egg, and to be absolute empress of all height and glory in it that her heart could conceive.
1923 J. S. Kennard Friar in Fiction 177 She [sc. Venus] is no more empress of earth, and sea, and sky.
1995 R. V. Gerard Lady from Atlantis (ed. 2) 141 Now she's legally my wife, but in reality, she's my empress and guardian. Need I say more?
2006 J. Miller Chinese Relig. in Contemp. Societies x. 246 The Empress of Heaven is popularly venerated in Taiwan as Mazu, an affectionate kinship term denoting ‘Granny’.
3. In extended use. Something regarded as the pre-eminent or finest of its kind; that which in a particular sphere has power comparable to that of an empress; spec. (a) a celestial object, esp. the moon, as empress of (the) night (also air, sky, etc.) (usually poetic); (b) the pre-eminent or most admired city in a particular geographic region.
ΚΠ
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iv. pr. i. l. 3098 For felonie is emperisse and flowreþ ful of rycchesse [L. nam imperante florenteque nequitia].
c1447 Queen Margaret To King in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. Introd. p. lxiii The Imparesse of alle sciences and facultees, theologie.
1599 E. Spenser in L. Lewkenor tr. G. Contarini Commonw. & Gouernment Venice sig. ❧ 3v The antique Babel, Empresse of the East, Vpreard her buildinges to the threatned skie.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies ii. vi. 93 This river (which in my opinion, deserves well the name of Empresse and Queene of all flouds).
1634 W. Habington Castara i. 30 The pale fac'd Empresse of the night, Lent in her chaste increase her borrowed light.
1682 J. Dryden Mac Flecknoe 8 Now Empress Fame had Publish'd the Renown Of Shad—s Coronation.
1740 Let. to Member of Parl. 50 The Terror of the British Naval Force will be much greater than ever: Britain may then be truly stiled Empress of the Ocean.
1795 T. White St. Guerdun's Well 10 Soon as the empress of the tides Was seen to rear her silver horn on high.
1832 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 353/1 The British capital has been called..the empress of all cities.
1837 W. Wordsworth Poet. Wks. (new ed.) V. 277 The aspiring Mountains and the winding Streams Empress of Night! are gladdened by thy beams.
1897 F. Thompson New Poems 113 Thou hast enwoofèd her [sc. the earth] An empress of the air, And all her births are propertied by thee.
1955 R. J. Deferrari tr. Eusebius in Fathers of Church XXIX. x. iv. 249 In the midst of the city that is empress of cities on earth.
2009 Alcalde (Univ. Texas) Jan.–Feb. 37/2 From Istanbul, magnificent ‘Empress of the World’, to ancient ruins, stunning landscapes, and the dramatic Turquoise Coast.

Compounds

C1. Appositive, as empress consort, empress dowager, empress queen, etc. Frequently as a title (often with the).
ΚΠ
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. iv. 441 An. D. 1126 Emperour Henrie (the Kings Sonne in law) dieth... The Peeres sweare fealty to Empresse Dowager the Kings daughter.
a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) 93 Before his bed she chose a mat that stunk, And wore a night-hood too, an empress-punk!
1748 D. Hume Let. 28 Apr. (1932) I. 130 The Empress Queen..has sent some Missionaries of Jesuites to instruct them.
1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 140 Charles Maximilian Von Thurn, steward of the houshold to the empress-dowager Eleanora.
1829 Encycl. Americana I. 483/1 Ottocar duke of Austria and Stiria, who made every effort to support his appointment,..especially by his marriage with the empress-widow, Margaret.
1913 H. B. Morse Trade & Admin. China (rev. ed.) ii. 38 The Empress Consort is chosen by the Emperor..from a bevy of candidates selected by his Ministers.
2003 I. Chang Chinese in Amer. x. 158 The Empress Dowager Cixi..appointed her nephew Guangxu as puppet emperor after her son died under mysterious circumstances.
C2.
empress cloth n. U.S. (now rare) a type of ribbed dress fabric, originally made using cotton with a worsted weft, later made using wool. N.E.D. (1891) notes: ‘Apparently not known as a trade term in England.’ [Apparently so called because it was popularized by Eugénie, Empress of France and consort of Napoleon III (1826–1920, empress 1853–71). Compare French toile impératrice (1867 or earlier).]
ΚΠ
1859 N.Y. Herald 18 Dec. 6/4 (advt.) Mourning goods, Consisting of..empress cloth, crapes and crape veils, [etc.]
1897 Bangor (Maine) Whig & Daily Courier 8 Dec. A woolen brocade called ‘Muscovite reps’ is a fashionable material of a rather closely woven corded fabric and is an old acquaintance, being the handsome durable empress cloth of other days under a new title.
1926 Washington Post 28 Nov. m15/3 Poiret twill and empress cloth, $2.39.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

empressv.

Brit. /ɪmˈprɛs/, /ɛmˈprɛs/, U.S. /ᵻmˈprɛs/, /ɛmˈprɛs/
Forms: Middle English empresse, Middle English enprece, Middle English enpresse, Middle English– empress, 1500s emprested (past participle); also Scottish pre-1700 empres.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French empresser.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman enpresser, impresser, Anglo-Norman and Middle French empresser (French empresser ) to press, imprint, to torment, oppress, to constrain, harass, urge (all 12th cent. in Old French) < em- em- prefix + presser press v.1 Compare Old Occitan empressar to press (c1280). Compare impress v.1On the variation between forms in em- and en- em- prefix.
Now rare.
transitive and intransitive = impress v.1 (in various senses).Impress is by far the more common word after Middle English.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict > oppress or afflict
heavyc897
narroweOE
overlayOE
overseamOE
twingea1300
to weigh downa1340
grieve1340
besit1377
oppressc1384
foila1400
thringa1400
empressc1400
enpressc1400
aska1425
press?a1425
peisea1450
straita1464
constraina1500
overhale1531
to grate on or upon1532
wrack1562
surcharge1592
to lie heavy uponc1595
to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595
to sit on ——1607
to sit upon ——1607
gall1614
bear1645
weight1647
obsess1648
aggrieve1670
swinge1681
lean1736
gravitate1754
weigh1794
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > condition of being oppressed > oppress [verb (transitive)]
beareOE
charka1300
to weigh downa1340
besit1377
to bear (a person or thing) heavyc1384
oppressc1384
thringa1400
empressc1400
accloyc1425
to sit downa1450
threst1513
downtread1536
to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595
to bear (a person or thing) hard (also heavily, heavy, etc.)1602
pressa1616
weight1647
to bear (a person or thing) heavily1702
weigh1794
freight1892
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (intransitive)] > crowd together
thickc1000
pressa1350
empressc1400
shock1548
serry1581
pester1610
serr1683
thicken1726
crush1755
scrouge1798
pack1828
to close up1835
to be packed (in) like sardines1911
scrum1913
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [verb (transitive)] > tread or press grapes
stampc1450
empress1532
tread1871
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 528 Pouerte me enpreceȝ and payneȝ in-noȝe.
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 43 And þere as pouert enpresses, þaȝ mon pyne þynk, Much..he mot..suffer.
c1415 (c1395) G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale (Lansd.) (1875) l. 1071 Suche fendely þouhtes in his hert empresse.
c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 4 Every man in hym silf let the passions of dolours be..empressid into vyfnes.
1532 Romaunt Rose in Wks. G. Chaucer f. cxlviiv/1 No man..Ne maye..of the reysyns haue the wyne Tyl grapes..Be sore empressed.
?1543 J. Clerke tr. D. de San Pedro Certayn Treatye sig. B.iijv Thou wylte haue pytie and receyue doloure of my troble empressyng in thy memorie that whiche I wyl tell ye.
1599 E. Ford Parismenos sig. F4v Empressing a sweete kisse vpon his lips, shee vttered these speeches.
1641 G. Holles Speech sig. A1 The 5t Article of the Scots, which, as it was Empressed by a Noble Ld. at the Conference, is a verie pregnant, and seeming Article.
1769 J. Johnson Divine Truth ii. iii. 184 Empressing the Words with a strong Emphasis.
1868 New Monthly Mag. July 147 There was a significant emphasis empressed on the ‘since’ in the foregoing words, and the young signore felt its significance.
1935 L. M. Himmer Let. 9 Sept. in T. Thorner & T. Frohn-Nielsen Country nourished on Self-doubt (2010) viii. 194 Thoughts of this kind should be empressed on the pupils by the teachers, and ministers, instead of the C.C.F. doctrine, and athletic sports.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.?a1160v.c1400
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2024/11/11 0:29:09