economizev.

Brit.

/ᵻˈkɒnəmʌɪz/, U.S.

/iˈkɑnəˌmaɪz/,

/əˈkɑnəˌmaɪz/

Forms: 1600s–1800s oeconomize, 1600s– economize, 1700s– economise, 1700s– oeconomise (now rare).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: economy n., -ize suffix.

Etymology: < economy n. + -ize suffix. Compare French économiser to administer or manage with economy (1718), to practise economy or make savings (in expenditure, etc.) (1747, earliest in figurative use).

†1. intransitive. To manage a household. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > be in control [verb (intransitive)] > manage or administrate > manage household

to keep housec1405

to hold or keep householdc1425

to housewife it1566

economize1649

housekeep1813

to do for ——1844

1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 37 That power..to..œconomize in the Land which God hath giv'n them, as Maisters of Family in thir own house.

†2. transitive. To manage or organize (something), esp. by divine dispensation; to arrange, constitute. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > put in (proper) order [verb (transitive)] > reduce to order > give structure to or organize

edifya1340

beset1413

reduce?a1425

institutea1538

compile1596

to deraign battle1596

modelize1600

skillc1610

organize1632

formalize1646

model1652

modulize1656

structure1664

economize1691

regiment1698

structurize1912

pattern1967

1691 T. Beverley Thousand Years' Kingdom 12 So shall the Divine Person..Oeconomize..the Lustre of its Glory.

1691 T. Beverley Thousand Years' Kingdom 18 The Throne of God..is so Oeconomiz'd as to be distinct.

1784 J. Stedman Moral Fables 225 And on the other, divine art Oeconomizing ev'ry part.

a. intransitive. To practise economy in the use of (esp. financial) resources; to reduce expenditure, make savings; to spend money more sparingly than before. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > be sparing or frugal [verb (intransitive)] > economize

economize1780

skincha1825

Hooverize1917

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (intransitive)] > reduce expenditure

retrench1663

economize1780

to tighten one's belt1902

to draw in (also shrink, pluck, pull in) one's horns1920

1780 E. Burke Speech Independence of Parl. 40 The question will be, whether we ought to œconomize by detail, or by principle?

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 175 Œconomising (on principles of justice and mercy).

1821 Edinb. Advertiser 23 Feb. 124/4 Were we not now economizing. Had we not rejected the Income Tax, reduced our Army and Navy, and introduced saving into every department?

1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation i. iii. 102 When wages are reduced..the poor..are obliged to economise.

1875 J. W. De Forest Honest John Vane xiii. 130 All the summer was spent in economizing at the maternal boarding-house or at a cheap resort by the seaside.

1908 Busy Man's Mag. Mar. 63/2 He economized, sleeping in the moonlight upon a park bench and following the marvels of the water front by day.

1938 St. Andrews Citizen 9 Apr. Economise by using wrapped sliced pan bread.

1990 Reader's Digest Aug. 88/1 Secondhand, prices start at around £1,0 and some pilots economize further by forming a syndicate.

b. intransitive. With in, on (a commodity, etc., or its use).

ΚΠ

1843 J. W. Carlyle Lett. (1883) I. xl. 217 Light is one of the things I do not like to economise in.

1917 Machinery (N.Y.) July 957/1 They are designed in such a way that they may be stacked up to economize in floor space.

1919 Outing Mar. 330/1 The motorist who wishes to economize on axle grease can do so by the simple method of using especially tough felt washers in place of the ordinary type.

1950 Q. Jrnl. Forestry 44 13 In order to economize in the number of trees per acre, espacements of less than 5 ft. have seldom been adopted.

1963 Times 16 Apr. 13/1 There are some who would buy less coal if the price went up, either economizing in fuel or switching to some alternative.

2002 L. Purves Radio (2003) viii. 128 Officials from Thames Water came on and offered interesting new ways to economize on water.

a. transitive. To effect a saving in; to use economically or sparingly.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > use sparingly or frugally [verb (transitive)] > economize in

economize1785

to cut down1857

1785 tr. F. de Tott Mem. I. 265 Having œconomised [Fr. après avoir économisé] in the original plan, the masses necessary for solidity, they have been unreasonably lavish in the spurs.

1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. ii. 126 He..is calculating how he shall economize time.

1850 R. W. Emerson Napoleon in Representative Men vi. 231 He never economized his ammunition, but..rained a torrent of iron..to annihilate all defence.

1882 H. Spencer in Standard 31 Oct. 5/7 The inventiveness which, stimulated by the need for economising labour, has been so wisely fostered among us.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 144/1 In cases where room must be economized, signals are usually placed on narrow overhead bridges.

1947 R. Bedichek Adventures with Texas Naturalist 253 The old plumers, economizing ammunition, shot to kill both birds at once.

1976 R. Telander Heaven is Playground 152 He economizes what he has left, but in the upper circle of the ‘B’ his can goes dry.

2007 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch (Nexis) 18 May 6 b A Republican, he guarded public tax dollars with a tight fist, and he economized his words.

†b. transitive. To effect a saving of (a sum of money) by the economical use of resources. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1790 W. Combe Devil upon Two Sticks IV. xiii. 24 This amiable woman..had contrived to economise about five thousand pounds.

1862 Times 12 Feb. 7/2 The Sultan of Turkey has paid into the Treasury 20,000,000 of piastres (about 100,000l.), economized from the civil list.

†c. transitive. To procure funds for (something) by economy or saving. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1849 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. (new ed.) I. iii. 341 Her..charities..were economised from her own personal revenue.

5. transitive. To make productive or profitable use of; to turn to the best account. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > make the best use of

to make the best of1533

economize1828

1828 J. S. Mill Rent in A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations (new ed.) IV. 180 An improvement took place in agriculture, which had the effect of economizing labour.

1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds ix. 117 It must be for man's advantage to economize this power.

1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art i. 6 How this labour may..be..economized, so as to produce the richest results.

1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. (1878) 606 Who knows..what motive powers may..be economised other than those that result from the direct application of heat.

1872 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 366 [Machinery's] object is to economise force supplied from without.

1914 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 11 301 Formal logic is a mechanicism for economizing the elements of the intuitional series.

1933 Lima (Ohio) News 18 Dec. 6/6 Only sound loans economize the use of capital.

Derivatives

eˈconomized adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > [adjective] > economizing > saved or economized

thriftya1616

saved1733

economized1793

1793 Brief Rev. Parl. Reformation 46 A debt..we see annually yielding to the victorious arms of spirited, persevering, well-economized finance.

1818 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) IV. 867 I do not receive the fifth part of the delight from this miscellany of Flora,..as from the economized Glasses and Flower-pots at Highgate.

1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. vi. 106 These are already economized alterations of something still more primitive.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 806 If a cerebral or psychical variation..came first, its emergence would give survival possibilities to variations in the line of economized reproductivity.

2006 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 26 Oct. 59 Because Leunig says things so well, in such an economised way, the minimalism stayed more true to him.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	economize
释义	economizev. Brit. /ᵻˈkɒnəmʌɪz/, U.S. /iˈkɑnəˌmaɪz/, /əˈkɑnəˌmaɪz/ Forms: 1600s–1800s oeconomize, 1600s– economize, 1700s– economise, 1700s– oeconomise (now rare). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: economy n., -ize suffix. Etymology: < economy n. + -ize suffix. Compare French économiser to administer or manage with economy (1718), to practise economy or make savings (in expenditure, etc.) (1747, earliest in figurative use). †1. intransitive. To manage a household. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > be in control [verb (intransitive)] > manage or administrate > manage household to keep housec1405 to hold or keep householdc1425 to housewife it1566 economize1649 housekeep1813 to do for ——1844 1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 37 That power..to..œconomize in the Land which God hath giv'n them, as Maisters of Family in thir own house. †2. transitive. To manage or organize (something), esp. by divine dispensation; to arrange, constitute. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > put in (proper) order [verb (transitive)] > reduce to order > give structure to or organize edifya1340 beset1413 reduce?a1425 institutea1538 compile1596 to deraign battle1596 modelize1600 skillc1610 organize1632 formalize1646 model1652 modulize1656 structure1664 economize1691 regiment1698 structurize1912 pattern1967 1691 T. Beverley Thousand Years' Kingdom 12 So shall the Divine Person..Oeconomize..the Lustre of its Glory. 1691 T. Beverley Thousand Years' Kingdom 18 The Throne of God..is so Oeconomiz'd as to be distinct. 1784 J. Stedman Moral Fables 225 And on the other, divine art Oeconomizing ev'ry part. 3. a. intransitive. To practise economy in the use of (esp. financial) resources; to reduce expenditure, make savings; to spend money more sparingly than before. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > be sparing or frugal [verb (intransitive)] > economize economize1780 skincha1825 Hooverize1917 society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (intransitive)] > reduce expenditure retrench1663 economize1780 to tighten one's belt1902 to draw in (also shrink, pluck, pull in) one's horns1920 1780 E. Burke Speech Independence of Parl. 40 The question will be, whether we ought to œconomize by detail, or by principle? 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 175 Œconomising (on principles of justice and mercy). View more context for this quotation 1821 Edinb. Advertiser 23 Feb. 124/4 Were we not now economizing. Had we not rejected the Income Tax, reduced our Army and Navy, and introduced saving into every department? 1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation i. iii. 102 When wages are reduced..the poor..are obliged to economise. 1875 J. W. De Forest Honest John Vane xiii. 130 All the summer was spent in economizing at the maternal boarding-house or at a cheap resort by the seaside. 1908 Busy Man's Mag. Mar. 63/2 He economized, sleeping in the moonlight upon a park bench and following the marvels of the water front by day. 1938 St. Andrews Citizen 9 Apr. Economise by using wrapped sliced pan bread. 1990 Reader's Digest Aug. 88/1 Secondhand, prices start at around £1,0 and some pilots economize further by forming a syndicate. b. intransitive. With in, on (a commodity, etc., or its use). ΚΠ 1843 J. W. Carlyle Lett. (1883) I. xl. 217 Light is one of the things I do not like to economise in. 1917 Machinery (N.Y.) July 957/1 They are designed in such a way that they may be stacked up to economize in floor space. 1919 Outing Mar. 330/1 The motorist who wishes to economize on axle grease can do so by the simple method of using especially tough felt washers in place of the ordinary type. 1950 Q. Jrnl. Forestry 44 13 In order to economize in the number of trees per acre, espacements of less than 5 ft. have seldom been adopted. 1963 Times 16 Apr. 13/1 There are some who would buy less coal if the price went up, either economizing in fuel or switching to some alternative. 2002 L. Purves Radio (2003) viii. 128 Officials from Thames Water came on and offered interesting new ways to economize on water. 4. a. transitive. To effect a saving in; to use economically or sparingly. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > use sparingly or frugally [verb (transitive)] > economize in economize1785 to cut down1857 1785 tr. F. de Tott Mem. I. 265 Having œconomised [Fr. après avoir économisé] in the original plan, the masses necessary for solidity, they have been unreasonably lavish in the spurs. 1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. ii. 126 He..is calculating how he shall economize time. 1850 R. W. Emerson Napoleon in Representative Men vi. 231 He never economized his ammunition, but..rained a torrent of iron..to annihilate all defence. 1882 H. Spencer in Standard 31 Oct. 5/7 The inventiveness which, stimulated by the need for economising labour, has been so wisely fostered among us. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 144/1 In cases where room must be economized, signals are usually placed on narrow overhead bridges. 1947 R. Bedichek Adventures with Texas Naturalist 253 The old plumers, economizing ammunition, shot to kill both birds at once. 1976 R. Telander Heaven is Playground 152 He economizes what he has left, but in the upper circle of the ‘B’ his can goes dry. 2007 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch (Nexis) 18 May 6 b A Republican, he guarded public tax dollars with a tight fist, and he economized his words. †b. transitive. To effect a saving of (a sum of money) by the economical use of resources. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1790 W. Combe Devil upon Two Sticks IV. xiii. 24 This amiable woman..had contrived to economise about five thousand pounds. 1862 Times 12 Feb. 7/2 The Sultan of Turkey has paid into the Treasury 20,000,000 of piastres (about 100,000l.), economized from the civil list. †c. transitive. To procure funds for (something) by economy or saving. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1849 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. (new ed.) I. iii. 341 Her..charities..were economised from her own personal revenue. 5. transitive. To make productive or profitable use of; to turn to the best account. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > make the best use of to make the best of1533 economize1828 1828 J. S. Mill Rent in A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations (new ed.) IV. 180 An improvement took place in agriculture, which had the effect of economizing labour. 1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds ix. 117 It must be for man's advantage to economize this power. 1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art i. 6 How this labour may..be..economized, so as to produce the richest results. 1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. (1878) 606 Who knows..what motive powers may..be economised other than those that result from the direct application of heat. 1872 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 366 [Machinery's] object is to economise force supplied from without. 1914 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 11 301 Formal logic is a mechanicism for economizing the elements of the intuitional series. 1933 Lima (Ohio) News 18 Dec. 6/6 Only sound loans economize the use of capital. Derivatives eˈconomized adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > [adjective] > economizing > saved or economized thriftya1616 saved1733 economized1793 1793 Brief Rev. Parl. Reformation 46 A debt..we see annually yielding to the victorious arms of spirited, persevering, well-economized finance. 1818 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) IV. 867 I do not receive the fifth part of the delight from this miscellany of Flora,..as from the economized Glasses and Flower-pots at Highgate. 1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. vi. 106 These are already economized alterations of something still more primitive. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 806 If a cerebral or psychical variation..came first, its emergence would give survival possibilities to variations in the line of economized reproductivity. 2006 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 26 Oct. 59 Because Leunig says things so well, in such an economised way, the minimalism stayed more true to him. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < v.1649
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