| 释义 |
aloneadj.adv.n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: all adv., one adj. Etymology: < all adv. + one adj. Compare (in different senses) earlier all one at all adj., pron., n., adv., and conj. Phrases 2. Compare Middle Dutch allēne (adjective) on one's own, by oneself (in early use also as al een , al ēne ), (adverb) only, solely (Dutch alleen , adjective and adverb), Middle Low German allēne , alleine (adjective) single, lone, sole, (adverb) only, Middle High German alein , aleine (adjective) on one's own, by oneself (also as al ein ), (adverb) only (German allein ). Compare also later lone adj.Originally a phrase, with all adv. serving as an intensifier (compare alonely adv.), but usually written as a single word after about 1450. By the end of the Middle English period, it appears not only to have been conceived as a single lexical item but also to have become to some extent morphologically opaque: compare e.g. word division in the Middle English forms a-lon, a loon (compare also lone adj. and see discussion at that entry) and the establishment in the late 14th cent. of the collocation all alone . As a result, the phonological development of alone diverges from that of its constituent elements: the first syllable shows a typical development in an unstressed position, while the usual modern pronunciation of the second syllable shows the expected development of Middle English open ō ( < Old English ā ), and not the results of raising to close ō or the development of a preceding back glide seen in the usual current pronunciation of one adj. (and hence also e.g. of once adv., conj., adj., and n., which naturally retained closer association with the numeral). Compare atone v. and only adj. for similar phonological development, and for further discussion see one adj., n., and pron. and E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II §429 note 2. With early Middle English forms showing final -e compare Forms 2 at one adj., n., and pron. and see discussion at that entry. Chiefly in predicative use. A. adj. 1. a. Being on one's own, by oneself; having no other present; unaccompanied. Also in extended use, of things, animals, etc. Also commonly applied to groups of two or more; cf. quots. 1712 at sense A. 1a(a), 1819 at sense A. 1a(b), etc.Fixed verbal phrases involving alone are treated at the main verb entries; see to leave (a person) alone at leave v.1 Phrases 1a, to let alone at let v.1 18, etc.society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > solitude or solitariness > [adjective] the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > condition of being alone > [adjective] c1175 (Burchfield transcript) 137 All ane shridd wiþþ haliȝ shrud Ȝede he till godess allterr. a1225 (c1200) (1888) 63 (MED) Þin lichame lið under ierðe..all-ane. c1300 (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 59 Heo wende alone heo nuste whoderward. a1375 (c1350) (1867) l. 1528 (MED) Alone þei tweyne þei went in-to william. a1425 (c1300) (BL Add.) (1901) l. 456 Al one I hanged on þe tree. c1475 (?c1300) (Caius) l. 418 He..beshette him therin all aloon. a1500 (?a1400) (1903) l. 987 To the bote they yede with-oute stynte, They two allone. 1611 Lev. xiii. 46 He shall dwell alone . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. ii. 56 Good Countrymen, let me depart alone . View more context for this quotation 1712 R. Steele No. 491. ⁋2 She was left alone with him. 1796 M. Robinson III. 36 That I should not fear to sleep alone in the very apartments which were supposed to be unquiet. 1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. iii, in 111 Apart she liv'd, and still she lies alone. 1845 R. Ford I. i. 43 It is almost impossible to travel alone. 1852 H. Rogers 204 It stands alone like the peak of Teneriffe. 1902 Feb. 157 The obedient Arab trotted alone to the stables. 1992 M. Sadker et al. in S. S. Klein xvii. 366 We spent time alone outside of school. He bought me gifts and cards. 2003 M. Ali vi. 96 The whiskered man.., who came alone and slept beneath the chairs. a1225 (c1200) (1888) 123 Ȝif he ware all hone, ðanne most he [confess] to godd ane. c1300 St. Brendan (Laud) 24 in C. Horstmann (1887) 220 (MED) A priue stude..þare he miȝte beo al one. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. ii. 18 It is not good: man to be alone. a1425 (?1348) R. Rolle Form of Living (Arun.) in C. Horstmann (1895) I. 419 He sal haue..delite to be al ane. a1500 (?a1450) (Harl. 7333) (1879) 321 Ve soli! Wo be to him that is all one. 1526 Mark iv. 10 When he was alone [so 1611; Wyclif, bi hym self.] 1609 J. Skene tr. 10 Gif the forester is allane: he sall mak ane crosse in the earth. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. ii. 1 Say Lucetta (now we are alone) Would'st thou then counsaile me to fall in loue? View more context for this quotation 1647 J. Howell 244 I am never lesse alone, then when I am alone. 1711 J. Addison No. 12. ¶1 To keep me from being alone. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere iv, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge 21 Alone, alone, all all alone Alone on the wide wide Sea. 1819 Ld. Byron clxxxviii. 213 They were alone, but not alone as they Who shut in chambers think it loneliness. 1848 J. Ruskin (ed. 2) II. iii. ii. iii. 175 No man's soul is alone: Laocoon or Tobit, the serpent has it by the heart or the angel by the hand. 1861 M. Kirby & E. Kirby iv. 38 It often happens, that, when an elephant is alone, he has been driven from the herd, and is not in the best of humours. 1932 Z. Fitzgerald ii. 127 Renée and Bobbie were alone at the café drinking verveine. 2004 26 July 81/2 He experienced the most intense pleasure in being alone, in swallowing the landscape in great chunks. a1300 in C. Brown (1932) 122 (MED) Mari hir-selfe al-hon, hir songe was way-le-[way]. a1375 (c1350) (1867) l. 2014 (MED) Sche chold sone be bi-schet here-selue al-one In a..tour. c1390 in C. Brown (1924) 126 (MED) Ful stille I stod my-self al-on. c1440 (a1350) (Thornton) (1844) l. 87 Als he wente by hym allone. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour (Adv.) ii. 146 All him alane the way he tais. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy (1822) iii. 273 Thus stude Virginia hir allane. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius (1858) I. 528 At the Hunting, quhair he was him alane. a1575 Murning Maidin in F. J. Furnivall (1871) Pref. 151 I yow find In this wod walkand your alone. 1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius ii. 35 b I ame myne alane and poore. a1605 R. Bannatyne (1836) 320 Gif I had bene ane hundreth [i.e. had a hundred followers], and he his alone. 1768 A. Ross i. 38 But three hail days were fully come an' gane, E're he that task cud manage him alane. 1827 in W. Motherwell 343 As I was walking mine alane, Betwixt the water and the wa; There I spied a wee, wee man. c1300 (?c1225) (Cambr.) (1901) l. 833 (MED) I schal al one..Wiþ mi swerd..Bringe hem þre to deþe. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng (Harl.) l. 11630 Lecherye..or robborye..may nat a man weyl do Alone. a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in (1557) 44/1 To the ende that them selfe woulde alone, demeane and gouerne the king at their pleasure. 1661 W. Howell iii. vi. 603 Cleopartra [sic] reigned, and acted alone without the control of any. 1731 W. Hatchett v. 66 I will have no Competitors in Power: If in the Father's time I ruled alone, I'll never yield that Honour to the Son. 1791 H. Macleod xiv. 168 He acts alone, by his own sole advice and authority. 1877 24 Nov. 445/3 We are playing euchre. I assist, and immediately add, alone... Answer.—You had a right to play it alone. 1891 Dec. 542 He laboured..in..translating the Bible into that tongue [sc. Chinese]. For six years he laboured alone, then he was joined by William Milne. 1940 M. Dickens ii. 32 Margaret always had to be hauled up [the tree].., though all the others, even little Michael, could shin up it alone. 1987 P. Wright & P. Greengrass viii. 108 I had no way of knowing..whether he worked alone or as part of a ring. 2012 (Nexis) 12 May 6 Bellingham was sincere in insisting that he had acted alone. 1921 M. Sangster ix. 77 It isn't an alone feeling that I mean..not exactly! It's rather an empty feeling. 1934 30 June 15/6 I'm the most alone person in the world. Usually I don't mind. But today—I don't know, I felt it. 1938 E. Bowen i. iv. 74 Two rather alone people. 1972 J. Irving (1980) vi. 33 We'd love to take care of you, Couth—to see that you eat enough during your long, alone winters. 1986 11 May 45/4 He would..play the piano in a very alone world. 2008 T. Lutter in D. T. Mayeda & D. E. Ching v. 98 [In the UFC ring] you're alone, I mean that's a very alone place to be. 2. Taken or acting on its own; without any addition or accompaniment; with nothing more. c1175 (Burchfield transcript) 11344 Nohht ne maȝȝ þe mann Bi bræd all ane libbenn. a1325 (c1280) (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 190 (MED) Me makeþ his swete body [= the Host] of þe whete-corn al-on. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. iv. 4 A man lyueth not in breed aloon [a1425 L.V. oonli; 1611 King James by bread alone]. a1425 (c1395) (Royal) (1850) Ecclus. xxxvii. 1 Ech frend schal seie, And Y haue couplid frenschip; but that is a frend, a frend bi name aloone [1611 King James only a friend in name]. c1500 (1895) xxi. 128 One grayne of peper alone smertith more on mans tonge than doth a sacke full of whete. 1563 N. Winȝet (1890) II. 73 Nocht that the canoun allane may nocht be sufficient to the hail wair. 1603 R. Barckley (new ed.) iii. 150 That matter alone, would containe a reasonable volume. 1696 W. Whiston iv. 290 The Temper of the Air..will not now depend on the Season of the Year alone, but on the veering of the Wind. 1756 C. Lucas iii. 67 This can not be done by the acid alone. 1757 S. Johnson No. 159. ⁋9 He that hopes by philosophy and contemplation alone to fortify himself against that. 1857 H. T. Buckle I. ii. 118 This fact alone must have produced a considerable effect. 1872 J. Yeats 430 Material progress alone will not suffice. a1878 B. Taylor (1879) 51 Form, alone, gives us a waxen doll, heartless and brainless. 1904 W. B. Yeats 8 Mar. (1994) III. 555 As I have spoken on literary themes alone it is impossible to believe that there is not an awakened interest in Irish Literature here. 1993 June 41/2 In the 1970s, evidence emerged that oestrogen alone could increase the risk of cancer of the uterus. 1611 Rom. iv. 23 It was not written for his sake alone . View more context for this quotation 1683 W. Kennett tr. Erasmus 7 Plutus..at whose alone beck Religion and Civil Policy have been successively undermined and re-established. 1689 17 These Gentlemen, whose alone Commands could qualifie Mr. Walker to plead. 1683 J. Gadbury in G. Wharton Pref. sig. A3v By this alone Example, the Non-conformist should learn to be obedient. 1772 J. W. Fletcher xii. 211 For the alone sake of Christ's atoning blood. c1300 (?c1225) (Cambr.) (1901) l. 612 (MED) Þo gunne þe hundes gone Abute horn al one. c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring (1891) lxxxii. 17 (MED) Þou alon [L. solus] art heȝest in al erþe. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 138 Not to þe fader alle on, bot tille his heir. a1425 (a1400) (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 24 For never na God was bot he alan. c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 10 Holi Scripture al oon ȝeueth the sufficient kunnyng. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus I. Luke ii. f. 30 That he alone and onely might pourge all mankinde. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus I. Luke i. f. 69 By hym alone and onely. 1611 Dan. x. 7 I Daniel alone saw the vision. View more context for this quotation 1703 W. Burkitt Matt. xxv. 45 Man, and Man alone is the cause of his own Destruction. 1790 E. Burke 11 Not of the affairs of France alone, but of all Europe. View more context for this quotation 1849 T. B. Macaulay I. 223 Clifford, who, alone of the five, had any claim to be regarded as an honest man. 1854 W. M. Thackeray I. xxi. 197 It is not youth alone that has need to learn humility. 1936 E. von Arnim iii. 211 He alone of the pack would stop every now and then, and look round to see if I were coming. 1999 B. Penn (2001) Feb. 20 Bears alone have the palate for the flesh of this plant. 2005 Sept. 28/1 By all means let another pair of eyes proof in addition to you, but the final check should be yours and yours alone. 4. the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > only one > [adjective] > one and only c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) l. 6400 (MED) Knout was þo al one king..of engelonde, Of norþwei, of denemarch. c1425 (c1300) (Harl.) 38 Cunedag was þo al one kyng, & þe kyndom to hym nom. c1430 N. Love (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 169 (MED) A dede body..that was the allone sone of wydewe. a1500 (?a1425) tr. (Lamb.) 88 Alle þinges er maad of oon all-oon substance of oon all-oon ordinance. 1547 sig. ❧❧❧ij He is the alone mediator, betwene God and man. 1564 T. Becon (1844) 299 To know [thee] the alone God. 1569 in S. Tymms (1850) 155 Whome I make my sole and alone executor. 1633 G. Herbert 169 Christ is my onely head, My alone onely heart and breast. 1635 R. Sanderson ii. 63 Sonne of God, and alone Saviour of the world. 1668 J. Howe xi. 191 Had this been the alone folly. 1791 J. Proud vii. 100v Purity, or goodness, is the alone fountain of all happiness. 1873 E. M. Goulburn iii. 20 Christ is..the alone source of sanctification. 1874 J. S. Blackie 11 The alone keystone of all sane thinking. 1922 Aug. 357/2 From the Greek conception of the spiritual as the alone real has come the renunciation of earthly good. the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > [adjective] > incomparable, unparalleled, or unique a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xxxii. 39 Y am alone, & þer is noon oþer god saue me. c1450 in (1924) 21 289 She was allone, kynd made hir neuer peyr. c1475 Brome Abraham & Isaac in N. Davis (1970) 55 For ȝe drede me as God alon. 1535 Psalms lxxxii. 18 That thou art alone, that thy name is the Lorde. 1609 W. Shakespeare i. ii. 15 They say hee is a very man per se and stands alone . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. iv. 165 All I can is nothing, To her, whose worth, make other worthies nothing; Shee is alone . View more context for this quotation 1663 J. Heath (1672) 103 Ascribes it..to the alone wisdome of God. 1712 E. Budgell No. 404. ¶4 Tully would not stand so much alone in Oratory. 1761 C. Churchill 17 [He] stands alone in indeclinables: Conjunction, proposition, adverb, join To stamp new vigour on the nervous line. 1813 Oct. 113 With all his quaintness, there is a certain kind of excellence in which he stands alone. 1849 T. B. Macaulay II. vii. 127 Alone among the many Scotchmen who have raised themselves to distinction and prosperity in England, he had that character. 1894 20 Apr. 4/7 Mr. John Stuart Mill pointed out that the English land law system was peculiar, and even was alone, among the land law systems of Europe. a1933 J. A. Thomson (1934) I. xxi. 660 Mammals stand alone in having a muscular sheet—the midriff or diaphragm—separating the chest-cavity..from the abdominal cavity. 2010 in A. Grafton et al. 12/1 The human being is alone among animals in being able to turn its eyes to the heavens. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John viii. 16 I am not aloone, but I and the fadir that sente me. 1547 J. Wilkinson tr. Aristotle xxix. sig. Hiiiv A manne that hath no frende, is alone in his dedes. 1676 T. Grantham 36 The cause of truth is not therefore empaired, because I am alone. 1700 G. Keith 24 W. Penn, is not alone in this Vile Heresie. 1752 J. Gill (ed. 2) v. 97 Nor am I alone in the sense of this text. 1853 W. M. Thackeray i. 32 Through life he [sc. Swift] always seems alone, somehow. 1876 G. O. Trevelyan I. i. 10 The young West Indian overseer was not alone in his scruples. 1922 Sept. 199 Science, however, is not alone in credulously building up an unseen world to complement the seen world. 1987 O. E. Butler (1991) i. iii. 22 A true xenophobia..and apparently she was not alone in it. 2002 F. Close et al. ii. 28 Rutherford speculated in 1920 that there are electrically neutral particles within nuclei—‘neutrons’. But he was alone in this idea. B. adv.the world > relative properties > wholeness > state or quality of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded > [adverb] > simply, only, or merely ?c1335 in W. Heuser (1904) 91 (MED) [Catel] nis ilend him bot alone Fort to libbe is lif iwisse. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 451 Hetlik he lette of ilk fere To godd self wald he be pere; Noght pere allan, bot mikul mare, For vndur him he wald all ware, And be him self þair comandur. 1585 R. P. tr. D. Ortúñez de Calahorra i. ii. lv. f. 221 You dyd not alone resist the great force of the Sonnes of Priamus, but also you dyd destroy and ouerthrow all his generation. 1661 P. Heylyn II. iii. 74 These prayers..were not alone thought necessary for all sorts of people..but used both by Priest and People. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil 86 Whose Leaves are not alone foul Winter's Prey, But oft by Summer Suns are scorch'd away. View more context for this quotation 1711 A. Pope 24 That Sun..not alone the Southern Wit sublimes, But ripens Spirits in cold Northern Climes. 1788 Oct. 503/2 Slothful in dignity, supine in state, Active alone in cruelty and hate. 1850 Ld. Tennyson cxi. 174 Wisdom..Which not alone had guided me, But served the seasons that may rise. View more context for this quotation 1918 39 700 Improvement in designing did not refer alone to coal saving, but also to labor saving. 2008 Y. Moroi v. 76 They are not alone objecting, but also envisioning a better society. 2. Limiting the scope of a previous noun phrase. These adverbial uses arose from the separation of the adjective from the noun phrase in senses A. 2, A. 3.the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > [adverb] the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > only one > [adverb] ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius (BL Add. 10340) (1868) v. met. ii. l. 4435 Þilke god..seeþ alle þinges al oon [L. solus]. c1475 (?c1400) (1842) 110 Alon he vsiþ ministry. Alon he chalangiþ to him all þingis. Alon he assoyliþ oþer partyes. a1500 (a1460) (1994) I. iii. 45 Pray we..To hym that is alone, Worthiest of degre. 1604 W. Shakespeare i. ii. 77 Tis not alone my incky cloake coold mother. View more context for this quotation 1712 A. Pope tr. Ovid Sapho to Phaon in tr. Ovid (ed. 8) 8 Musick has Charms alone for peaceful Minds. a1790 B. Franklin (1981) iii. 122 The Citizens should alone be at the Expence of it. 1817 S. T. Coleridge 90 That malignity of heart, which could alone have prompted sentiments so atrocious. 1878 J. R. Seeley III. 515 Always and alone he blames the Reaction. 1917 189 865/1 We think the section of the Code cited refers alone to criminal libel. 1941 Feb. 11/3 The product of scientific research is not alone the building of industry. 2006 J. Updike (2007) i. 4 But even true images are sinful imitations of God, who can alone create. ?1540 sig. A.vv The flesshe and bone wyl heale alone by nature. 1681 1 Nov. This Letter would alone have done it in the twinkling of a Broomstick? 1741 S. Richardson IV. xxi. 140 His Indearments and Tenderness to his Lady..was alone worthy of all her Risque. 1776 E. Gibbon I. xv. 454 The painful and even dangerous rite of circumcision, was alone capable of repelling a willing proselyte from the door of the synagogue. 1849 T. B. Macaulay II. 160 The appointment of a ruined gambler would alone have sufficed to disgust the public. 1863 F. A. Kemble 19 Whose..perfect foliage would alone render it an object of admiration. 1926 June 18/1 The distinct edge he held in batting should alone have been enough to have decided the captaincy in his favor. 1998 H. R. Schaffer (ed. 2) iii. 243 They produce suffering at the time, and minimizing that is alone plenty of justification for action. C. n.the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > condition of being alone > [noun] > person 1807 W. Bridgman in tr. ix. v. 397 (note) This passage may remind the reader of Plotinus of the very remarkable words with which he concludes his works; namely, that the employment of a truly good man is..a flight of the alone to the alone. 1874 Ld. Lytton I. 212 For whom, by whom, are these Thy wonders wrought? who recognises them? And who rejoices in them? The Alone, Is that the sum and summit of the All? 1877 H. P. Blavatsky II. ix. 413 The books considered ‘childish and foolish’..teach, as Porphyry says: ‘a liberation from all terrene concerns..a flight of the alone to the Alone’. 1908 T. Hardy After Scene 352 Exultant adoration give The Alone, through Whom all living live, The Alone, in Whom all dying die. 1980 11 143 Mystics often say that their encounters with the divine are ineffable. The flight of the alone to the Alone is and must be wordless. 2000 L. Vaughan-Lee 72 The mystical path is always a solitary journey, from the alone to the Alone. Compounds society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > solitude or solitariness > [noun] > person > who lives alone 1556 N. Grimald tr. Cicero ii. f. 77v Euen to the aloneliuer, and one that leades his life in ye feeldes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  adj.adv.n.c1175 |
