almucantarn.

Brit.

/ˌalm(j)ᵿˈkantə/, U.S.

/ˈˌælmjuˈˌkæn(t)ər/

Forms: Middle English almicantera, Middle English almykantera, 1500s almicantan (irregular), 1500s almicanterath, 1500s–1600s almicantar, 1500s–1700s almicanter, 1600s almicantarah, 1600s almicantarat, 1600s almicantarath, 1600s almicanthar, 1600s almicanthara, 1600s almicantharah, 1600s almicantharat, 1600s almicantler, 1600s almucantarath, 1600s almucanturie, 1600s–1700s almicanther, 1600s–1800s almacantar, 1600s– almacanter, 1600s– almucantar, 1700s almacantarath.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French almucantharat; Latin almucantarath.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French almucantharat (1362; also almicantharat (a1412 in plural almicantharaz)), or its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin almucantarath, almuchantarath (from 13th cent. in British sources; also almicanterath: see below), ultimately < Arabic al-muqanṭarāt < al the + muqanṭarāt celestial latitude, use as noun (short for al-dawā'ir al-muqanṭara, literally ‘arched circles’) of feminine plural of muqanṭar arched, vaulted, arcaded (passive participle of qanṭara to arch, to span), perhaps via Spanish †almucantarat (c1277; now almicantarat (1613 or earlier)).The post-classical Latin form with medial -i- reflects a common misreading of the form with medial -u- ; hence the French, Spanish, and English forms with medial -i- . Sense 2 shows a semantic development within English: see quot. 1880.

Astronomy.

1. A circle on the celestial sphere parallel to the horizon, typically one of a series that cut the meridian at equal angular separations; a parallel of altitude.The horizon itself was considered to be the lowest almucantar.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > circle of celestial sphere > [noun] > lesser circle > parallel of altitude

almucantarc1400

parallel of altitude1704

c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §5. 19 The almykanteras in thin astrelabie ben compownet by two & two, where-as some Almykanteras in sondri Astrelabies ben compownet by on and on.

1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iii. i. xix. f. 153^v The first Almicanterath..is the verie oblique Horizon it selfe.

1595 J. Davis Seamans Secrets ii. sig. J1^v Almicantans or circles of altitude..and are described vpon the Zenith.

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. 42 Observe the height, that is, at twelve a clocke to take the height of the Sunne, or in the night the North star, or in the forenoone and afternoone, if you miss these by finding the Azimuth and Alnicanter [sic].

1639 J. Fletcher et al. Bloody Brother iv. ii. sig. G*2^v Look upon the Astrolabe; you'le find it Foure Almucanturies at least.

1672 T. Strode Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 441 The sun's almacanters delineated on an horizontal dial are hyperbolas, except when the sun is in the equator.

1769 Philos. Trans. 1768 (Royal Soc.) 58 170 To describe an almicanther and azimuth circle.

1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. I. 231 The circles of the sphere termed almacantars and azimuth circles.

1863 W. Chauvenet Man. Spherical & Pract. Astron. I. i. 19 Small circles parallel to the horizon are called almucantars.

1969 Jrnl. Egyptian Archaeol. 55 36 The horizon is a great circle which any other almucantar is not.

1974 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Jan. 103/1 The almucantars are drawn on the astrolabe plate below the rete.

2001 Isis 92 604/2 Many Islamic astronomers..compiled numerical tables of radii and center distances of both azimuth and almucantar circles for every terrestrial latitude.

2. A telescope mounted on a float resting in mercury in such a way that it can be turned in a horizontal plane while remaining at the same angle to the vertical, used for observing the rising and setting of stars. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > rising and setting > [noun]

astronomer's staff1551

almucantar staff1696

almucantar1880

1880 S. Chandler in Sci. Observ. 3 No. 5. 36 I propose to call the instrument [for the determination of time and latitude] the ‘Almacantar,’ from an Arabic astronomical term, now obsolete in its general use.

1901 Proc. Durham Philos. Soc. 2 6 In the Almucantar we claim that the telescope turns with faultless truth about its theoretical axis of rotation.

1971 B. Z. Jones & L. G. Boyd Harvard Coll. Observatory ix. 332 He had also used the almucantar to determine the exact latitude of the Observatory dome at Cambridge.

2004 Technol. & Culture 39 439 The almucantar was designed to replace the transit instrument.

Compounds

† almucantar staff n. Obsolete an instrument for ascertaining the altitude of the sun at its rising and setting and hence its amplitude.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > rising and setting > [noun]

astronomer's staff1551

almucantar staff1696

almucantar1880

1696 E. Harrison Idea Longitudinis iii. 12 For taking small Heights, or Distances, you may use an Almicanter Staff, for ordinary Uses.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Almacantar-staff, a Mathematical Instrument usually made of Box or Pear-tree, with an Arch of 15 Degrees, to take Observations of the Sun at the times of its Rising and Setting; in order to find the Amplitude, and consequently the Variation of the Compass.

1877 G. F. Chambers Handbk. Descr. Astron. (ed. 3) 911 Almacantar Staff, an instrument formerly used for determining the amplitude of an object.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	almucantar
释义	almucantarn. Brit. /ˌalm(j)ᵿˈkantə/, U.S. /ˈˌælmjuˈˌkæn(t)ər/ Forms: Middle English almicantera, Middle English almykantera, 1500s almicantan (irregular), 1500s almicanterath, 1500s–1600s almicantar, 1500s–1700s almicanter, 1600s almicantarah, 1600s almicantarat, 1600s almicantarath, 1600s almicanthar, 1600s almicanthara, 1600s almicantharah, 1600s almicantharat, 1600s almicantler, 1600s almucantarath, 1600s almucanturie, 1600s–1700s almicanther, 1600s–1800s almacantar, 1600s– almacanter, 1600s– almucantar, 1700s almacantarath. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French almucantharat; Latin almucantarath. Etymology: < (i) Middle French almucantharat (1362; also almicantharat (a1412 in plural almicantharaz)), or its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin almucantarath, almuchantarath (from 13th cent. in British sources; also almicanterath: see below), ultimately < Arabic al-muqanṭarāt < al the + muqanṭarāt celestial latitude, use as noun (short for al-dawā'ir al-muqanṭara, literally ‘arched circles’) of feminine plural of muqanṭar arched, vaulted, arcaded (passive participle of qanṭara to arch, to span), perhaps via Spanish †almucantarat (c1277; now almicantarat (1613 or earlier)).The post-classical Latin form with medial -i- reflects a common misreading of the form with medial -u- ; hence the French, Spanish, and English forms with medial -i- . Sense 2 shows a semantic development within English: see quot. 1880. Astronomy. 1. A circle on the celestial sphere parallel to the horizon, typically one of a series that cut the meridian at equal angular separations; a parallel of altitude.The horizon itself was considered to be the lowest almucantar. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > circle of celestial sphere > [noun] > lesser circle > parallel of altitude almucantarc1400 parallel of altitude1704 c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §5. 19 The almykanteras in thin astrelabie ben compownet by two & two, where-as some Almykanteras in sondri Astrelabies ben compownet by on and on. 1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iii. i. xix. f. 153^v The first Almicanterath..is the verie oblique Horizon it selfe. 1595 J. Davis Seamans Secrets ii. sig. J1^v Almicantans or circles of altitude..and are described vpon the Zenith. 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. 42 Observe the height, that is, at twelve a clocke to take the height of the Sunne, or in the night the North star, or in the forenoone and afternoone, if you miss these by finding the Azimuth and Alnicanter [sic]. 1639 J. Fletcher et al. Bloody Brother iv. ii. sig. G2^v Look upon the Astrolabe; you'le find it Foure Almucanturies at least. 1672 T. Strode Let.* in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 441 The sun's almacanters delineated on an horizontal dial are hyperbolas, except when the sun is in the equator. 1769 Philos. Trans. 1768 (Royal Soc.) 58 170 To describe an almicanther and azimuth circle. 1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. I. 231 The circles of the sphere termed almacantars and azimuth circles. 1863 W. Chauvenet Man. Spherical & Pract. Astron. I. i. 19 Small circles parallel to the horizon are called almucantars. 1969 Jrnl. Egyptian Archaeol. 55 36 The horizon is a great circle which any other almucantar is not. 1974 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Jan. 103/1 The almucantars are drawn on the astrolabe plate below the rete. 2001 Isis 92 604/2 Many Islamic astronomers..compiled numerical tables of radii and center distances of both azimuth and almucantar circles for every terrestrial latitude. 2. A telescope mounted on a float resting in mercury in such a way that it can be turned in a horizontal plane while remaining at the same angle to the vertical, used for observing the rising and setting of stars. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > rising and setting > [noun] astronomer's staff1551 almucantar staff1696 almucantar1880 1880 S. Chandler in Sci. Observ. 3 No. 5. 36 I propose to call the instrument [for the determination of time and latitude] the ‘Almacantar,’ from an Arabic astronomical term, now obsolete in its general use. 1901 Proc. Durham Philos. Soc. 2 6 In the Almucantar we claim that the telescope turns with faultless truth about its theoretical axis of rotation. 1971 B. Z. Jones & L. G. Boyd Harvard Coll. Observatory ix. 332 He had also used the almucantar to determine the exact latitude of the Observatory dome at Cambridge. 2004 Technol. & Culture 39 439 The almucantar was designed to replace the transit instrument. Compounds † almucantar staff n. Obsolete an instrument for ascertaining the altitude of the sun at its rising and setting and hence its amplitude. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > rising and setting > [noun] astronomer's staff1551 almucantar staff1696 almucantar1880 1696 E. Harrison Idea Longitudinis iii. 12 For taking small Heights, or Distances, you may use an Almicanter Staff, for ordinary Uses. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Almacantar-staff, a Mathematical Instrument usually made of Box or Pear-tree, with an Arch of 15 Degrees, to take Observations of the Sun at the times of its Rising and Setting; in order to find the Amplitude, and consequently the Variation of the Compass. 1877 G. F. Chambers Handbk. Descr. Astron. (ed. 3) 911 Almacantar Staff, an instrument formerly used for determining the amplitude of an object. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1400
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