echon.

Brit.

/ˈɛkəʊ/, U.S.

/ˈɛkoʊ/

Forms: Plural echoes, rarely echos. Also Middle English ecko, Middle English–1600s ecco, 1500s–1700s eccho.

Etymology: < Latin ēchō, < Greek ἠχώ, related to ἠχή sound. The termination -ώ was common in Greek female names, and perhaps (as in the similar case of πειθώ persuasion) the form may be due to personification, although in Greek literature it is used in an appellative sense much earlier than the mention of Echo as a distinct mythological person.

a. A repetition of sounds, which is produced by the reflexion of the sound-waves due to their incidence on something denser than the aerial medium in which they are propagated; hence concrete a secondary or imitative sound produced by reflected waves, as distinguished from the original sound caused by the direct waves.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > [noun] > reverberation or echo

echo1340

repercussion1554

rebound1567

reverberation1569

reverberating1576

answer1609

re-echoing1611

re-echo1613

replicationa1616

back-echo1626

echoinga1649

reboation1648

redounda1665

aftersound1807

verberation1825

reverb1875

anacampsis1879

liveness1931

post-echo1956

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 60 Ecko, þet is þe rearde þet ine þe heȝe helles comþ ayen and acordeþ to al þet me him sayþ.

1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) Wisd. xvi. 16 Ecco sownynge aȝen fro hiȝeste hillis.

1485 W. Caxton Trevisa's Higden i. xxii Ecco is reboundynge of noyse.

1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (xxvii. 8) The voyce of God must resound..as it were an Eccho in holow places.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 581 This miraculous rebounding of the voice, the Greekes haue a pretty name for, and call it Echo.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 581 Which if considered in Audibles, then will the Second Hypostasis be look'd upon, as the Eccho of an Original Voice; and the Third as the Repeated Eccho, or Eccho of that Eccho.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 13 Round and around the sounds were cast, Till echo seemed an answering blast.

1877 W. C. Bryant Little People 313 Like echoes softly flung from rock and hill.

b. to applaud to the echo: i.e. so vociferously as to produce echoes.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > applaud [verb (transitive)] > loudly

to applaud to the echoa1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. iii. 55 I would applaud thee to the very Eccho, That should applaud againe.

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xvi. 180 The whole performance was applauded to the echo.

c. Telephone Engineering. (See quots.) Also attributive.

ΚΠ

1925 Electr. Commun. IV. 40/1 Echo effects are caused by reflections of voice waves which take place whenever electrical irregularities are encountered in telephone circuits.

1959 Post Office Electr. Engineers' Jrnl. 52 69/1 A problem which continually confronts the communication engineer is the avoidance of echoes.

1959 Post Office Electr. Engineers' Jrnl. 52 69/1 These echoes arise from reflections occurring at unavoidable electrical discontinuities.

d. In full radio echo. A radio wave which has been reflected or otherwise returned with sufficient magnitude and delay to be perceived as a wave distinct from that transmitted (see also quot. 1941). Also attributive and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > [noun] > signal > interference

cross-talk1887

static1905

X1906

statics1912

click1914

jam1914

grinder1922

hash1923

mush1924

echo1928

image1928

radio echo1928

harmonic interference1929

second channel1932

1928 C. Størmer in Nature 3 Nov. 681/1 (heading) Short wave echoes and the Aurora Borealis.

1928 C. Størmer in Nature 3 Nov. 681/1 On Feb. 29 of this year I received a letter from Engineer Jørgen Hals..in which he says: ‘..I repeatedly heard signals from the Dutch short-wave transmitter station... At the same time as I heard the telegraph-signals I also heard echoes.’

1928 C. Størmer in Nature 17 Nov. 768/1 (heading) Radio echoes and magnetic storms.

1930 Times 25 Mar. 11/4 Neither..appear to attach very much importance to these ‘echo’ effects... The effect of these ‘echoes’ at the receiving station can..be overcome by a directive aerial system which does not accept radiation from the backward direction. Echo signals may..also be produced by radiation leaving the transmitter..and travelling more than once round the world.

1941 B.B.C. Gloss. Broadc. Terms 10 Echo (1) Repetition of a sound after an interval of time, caused for example by reflection of sound waves, or occurring as a result of propagation of electro~magnetic waves over more than one path. (2) Reverberation artificially added to the output from a studio or hall.

1965 New Statesman 11 June 904/3 The hire-purchase controls just introduced, small enough not to induce substantial ‘echo’ effects in the future.

e. A radar wave which has been reflected from an object; also, the representation of it on a radar screen.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > instrument for detection > [noun] > radar system > wave or beam

echo1944

split beam1947

1944 D. R. Griffin in Science C. 589 To describe this process of locating obstacles by means of echoes, I suggest the word echolocation.

1945 Electronic Engin. 17 719/2 The measurement of interval between pulse and echo on the time base of the C.R. tube.

1947 W. B. Gould in Proc. IRE 35 1105/1 Radar equipment..has given fairly consistent unexplainable echoes at altitudes between approximately 300 and 3000 yards. For want of a better term, these echoes have been dubbed ‘Angels’ by Signal Corps personnel.

1953 R. Chisholm Cover of Darkness iii. 36 In the air the ‘noise’ (interference) was usually worse and often the echo was less clear. On the elevation (left-hand) tube there is slightly more of the echo above than below the horizontal trace.

2. The cause of this phenomenon personified.In Greek mythology, Echo was regarded as an ‘Oread’ or mountain nymph.

ΚΠ

1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. i. 206 Els would I teare the Caue where Eccho lies And make her airie voice as hoarse as mine.

1795 ‘P. Pindar’ Pindariana 152 And Echo, long banish'd, sweet Maid, Return'd with her stories of Love.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §2. 15 The echoes talked down to me from the mountain walls.

3. An artifice in verse, by which one line is made to consist of a repetition (such as might be given by a literal echo) of the concluding syllables of the preceding line, so as to supply an answer to the question contained in it, or otherwise to give a continuous sense. Hence, the name of the species of verse in which this was done. Also attributive, as in echo verse.The most perfect modern example of this once fashionable device is Hugo's Chasse du Burgrave, where every alternate line throughout a long poem is an ‘echo’ of the preceding line.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhyme > [noun] > line echoing end of preceding line

echo1633

1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 183 But are there cares and businesse with the pleasure? Echo. Leisure.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. iii. 178 Quoth he, O whether, wicked Bruin, Art thou fled to my—Echo, ruine?

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 62. ¶3 False wit chiefly consists in the Resemblance and Congruity..Sometimes of Syllables, as in Ecchos and Doggerel Rhymes.

1817 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 1st Ser. III. 216 A similar contrivance, that of Echo Verses, may here be noticed.

†4. A response received or expected as a matter of course from the nature of the address. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [noun] > an answer, response > predictable

echo1641

antiphon1651

antiphony1657

1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie v. xx. 333 Give out, from the inwards of his heart and soule, with an Eccho, Amen.

1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. iii. 300 The Eccho or Antiphony which these elegant Exclaimers hope..to draw necessarily from their Audience.

5. figurative. A repetition or close imitation, chiefly of things that can be compared to speech, voice, or sound (e.g. a writer's thoughts or style), but occasionally with wider meaning; an enfeebled reproduction; an effect that continues after its cause has ceased; and the like.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > an imitation

resemblant1484

patterna1500

counterfeiture1548

counterfeit1587

idol1590

reduplication1592

copy1596

module1608

imitationa1616

mockage1615

echo1622

conduplicationa1631

transcript1646

ectype1647

mime1650

duplicating1659

mimicry1688

replication1692

shadow1693

reproduction1701

mimication?1715

repetition1774

replicate1821

autotype1829

replica1841

re-creation1915

retake1922

mock-up1957

reprise1961

1622 A. Sparrow Rationale Bk. Common Prayer (1661) 221 Their Services are, as it were, so many Eccho's and Reflexions upon the Mystery of Pentecost.

1632 R. Sanderson 12 Serm. 465 God..also causeth the Eccho of that word to sound in our hearts.

1701 J. Swift Disc. Contests Nobles & Commons v. 57 His Folly, and his Wisdom..are all of his own Growth, not the Eccho or Infusion of other Men.

1749 J. Mason Ess. Power of Numbers & Princ. Harmony 60 The Sound is still an Eccho to the Sense.

1860 F. W. Farrar Ess. Origin Lang. i. 28 A feeble echo of splendours.

1878 B. Taylor Prince Deukalion ii. ii. 60 Was it some last echo blown From ended struggles?

6. transferred. A person who reflects or imitates the language, sentiments, or conduct of others; one who assents obsequiously to the opinions of another.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > humility > servility > [noun] > servile agreement > one who

assentator1531

echoa1631

yes-man1874

a1631 J. Donne Poems (1650) 168 Then write, that I may follow, and so bee Thy debtor, thy eccho, thy foyle, thy zanee.

1691 Satyr against French 3 These Apes, these Echo's..of Men, Shall be the present Subject of my Pen.

1732 C. Wogan Let. to Swift 27 Feb. in J. Swift Wks. (1803) XVIII. 194 Clarendon, whom they reckoned the faithful echo of their master's intentions.

1841–4 R. W. Emerson Ess. vi, in Wks. (1906) I. 88 Better be a nettle in the side of your friend than his echo.

7. Music. (See quot.)

ΚΠ

1711 London Gaz. No. 4797/3 The lesser Organ..has in it 10 Stops and 4 Eccho's.

1876 J. Hiles Catech. Organ (1878) i. 4 The Echo consisted of duplicates of some of the Treble stops of the other Manuals.

1878 E. J. Hopkins in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 21 The resources for..accompaniment were extended..by the insertion of an additional short manual organ called the Echo.

8. Whist. (See quot. 1876.) Also in Bridge, a signal to one's partner, esp. by the playing of a higher card of a suit followed by a lower, indicating how many cards of a suit are held, or requesting a specific lead.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics

echo1862

signal1864

Vienna Coup1864

Peter1885

Bath coup1897

promotion1900

finesse1902

switch1921

false-carding1923

squeeze1926

squeeze play1926

suicide squeeze1931

pseudo-squeeze1932

throw-in1932

suit preference signal1934

underlead1934

psyching1938

ruff and discard1939

hold-up1945

upper cut1955

safety play1959

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > whist > [noun] > actions or tactics > signal to partner

echo1862

call1865

sub-echo1885

1862 ‘Cavendish’ Princ. Whist (1879) 268 The advantages of the echo are manifold.

1876 A. Campbell-Walker Correct Card Gloss. p. xi Echo, asking for trumps in response to your partner's ask, when but for his demand you would not have called.

1899 A. Dunn Bridge 51 The plain suit echo.

1902 A. Dunn New Ideas on Bridge 80 A player must have either led or ‘called for’ trumps before his partner gives the ‘three-trump echo’.

1939 N. de V. Hart Bridge Players' Bedside Bk. 140 High-low play as a signal to the partner is termed a peter if it occurs in a suit contract and an echo at No-Trumps.

1939 N. de V. Hart Bridge Players' Bedside Bk. 141 There is..no longer any difference between a peter and an echo.

1960 T. Reese Play Bridge with Reese iii. 20 I should imagine that West has led from four hearts and the diamonds may well be 3–3 since no one began an echo.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

echo-detection n.

ΚΠ

1947 J. G. Crowther & R. Whiddington Sci. at War iv. 156 The numerous break-downs in service almost caused the use of the echo-detection to be dropped by the Navy.

echo device n.

ΚΠ

1933 Discovery June 174/1 Use will also be made of an ‘echo’ device which measures the depth of the sea by the time which the echo takes to return from the bed.

echo mixture n.

ΚΠ

1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio xi. 192 When echo is wanted on only one voice, as..in a conversation between two people, one of whom is at the bottom of a well, control over this can be exercised with the echo-mixture switch.

echo-phrase n.

ΚΠ

1962 Y. Olsson in F. Behre Contrib. Eng. Syntax 90 The echo-phrase ‘We have’.

echo-question n.

ΚΠ

1956 Kenyon Rev. 18 433 Rising juncture..signals an ‘echo question’.

echo-ranging n.

ΚΠ

1961 New Scientist 11 May 304 To point the beam out from the side of the ship (echo-ranging) and tilt it down a few degrees below the horizontal.

echo-reflex n.

ΚΠ

1957 D. L. Bolinger in Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. xxviii. 26 The difference between yes–no echo-reflex and how-why echo-reflex.

echo-word n.

ΚΠ

1922 O. Jespersen Lang. xvi. 313 Fr. pisser—an echo-word if ever there was one.

1938 Michigan Daily 14 July 1/1 In general, an ‘echo-word’, Dr. Emeneau elucidated, is formed by the reduplication of a part of the word after an inserted pattern syllable that has no meaning of its own.

echo-echoing n.

ΚΠ

1845 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 264 Its echo-echoing walls at a whisper fall.

echo-giving n.

ΚΠ

1839 H. W. Longfellow Sunrise on Hills in Voices of Night 46 The echo-giving hills.

echo-wise adv.

ΚΠ

a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI. Serm. (1661) xix. 385 If it come..from Him to us first, and from us then to you (echo-wise).

C2.

echo box n. (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1950 Gloss. Terms Radar (B.S.I.) 7 Echo box, a cavity resonator, having small damping, energized by pulses of energy radiated from a nearby aerial or by a probe in a waveguide.

echo chamber n. originally U.S. a confined space where sound reverberates; also attributive and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > [noun] > echo chamber or instrument

whispering-placea1661

singing glass1669

sound-board1766

sounding-board1766

whispering-gallery1812

reverberation chamber1925

echo room1933

echo chamber1937

1937 Variety Radio Directory 1937–8 341 Echo chamber, a reverberant room used to add hollow effects and actual echoes.

1953 New Yorker 4 Apr. 6/3 There's free-wheeling music in the echo-chamber grill.

1955 N.Y. Times 16 Jan. vi. 26/4 New York, an echo chamber of squeezed apartment buildings, is even more in need of a honking ban than..Paris.

1958 Punch 22 Jan. 152/1 I was going to write about echo-chambers, which are currently giving such pleasure to all listeners by piping the broadcast voice into an empty, thirty-foot room and piping it out again with sonorous accretions of overtones.

echo organ n. a set of pipes in an organ, enclosed in a wooden box to give a distant sound effect.

ΚΠ

1855 E. J. Hopkins Organ xv. 66 The Echo organ consists of a duplication of the treble portion of some of the stops found on the other manual organs, closed in a wooden box, to render their tone soft and more distant-sounding.

1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 830/1 The fifth manual, where it occurs, is the echo organ.

1938 Oxf. Compan. Music 659/1 In certain very large instruments there is a manual devoted to delicate stops, with a far-away sound, and this is called the Echo Organ.

echo-plummet n. [ 1d] a radio sounder for measuring height above ground level or the depth of water in the sea.

ΚΠ

1931 Flight 27 Mar. 274/2 The echo-plummet used extensively for maritime navigation seems to encounter certain difficulties in aeroplanes.

1933 Discovery Oct. 307/1 The well known acoustic echo plummet which is employed in measuring ocean depths.

echo room n. = echo chamber n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > [noun] > echo chamber or instrument

whispering-placea1661

singing glass1669

sound-board1766

sounding-board1766

whispering-gallery1812

reverberation chamber1925

echo room1933

echo chamber1937

1933 ‘R. Stranger’ Dict. Wireless Terms 59 Echo Room, a term used in broadcasting to indicate the place where echoes are produced artificially in order to give a more life-like effect to broadcasting.

† echo-sound n. Obsolete a certain artifice in verse (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 167 Ye make one worde both beginne and end your verse, which therefore I call the slow retourne, otherwise the Eccho sound.

Derivatives

ˈechoism n. the formation of words imitative of natural sounds.

ΚΠ

1880 J. A. H. Murray 9th Ann. Addr. Philol. Soc. 20 Onomatopœia..I prefer to call echoism.

echoist n. one who repeats like an echo.

ΚΠ

1880 J. A. H. Murray 9th Ann. Addr. Philol. Soc. 20 Echoism suggests the echoing of a sound heard, and has the useful derivatives echoist, echoize, and echoic.

ˈechoize v. †to repeat as does an echo (obsolete); to form words imitative of sounds.

ΚΠ

1600 C. Tourneur Transformed Metamorph. Prol. sig. A4 The ecchoized sounds of horrorie.

Draft additions 1993

With capital initial. As the name or part of the name of a newspaper or journal.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > journalism > journal > newspaper > [noun] > titles of newspapers

observator1642

mercury1643

post1645

examiner1710

echo1729

times1788

mail1789

messenger1796

thunderer1830

anti-Jacobin1867

Trib1878

Nikkei1982

1729 (title) The Echo; or Edinburgh weekly journal.

1868 (title) The Echo. An evening newspaper.

1874 (title of newspaper) Western Echo.

1885 List of Subscribers Exchange Syst. (United Telephone Co.) (ed. 6) p. xv The Company are now supplying Instruments to..the ‘Times’,..‘Echo’, ‘Observer’, ‘Graphic’, and other Newspapers.

1902 G. B. Shaw Mrs. Warren's Profession Author's Apol. p. xxxi Can anything be more absurd than the copy of The Echo which contains a notice of the performance of my play?

1958 Times 6 Sept. 8/5 On September 16 the so far mythical Borchester Echo will, in fact, appear on the bookstalls. The B.B.C. have decided to mark ‘The Archers’ 2,000th broadcast on September 26 by producing just one edition.

1987 Sunday Tel. 23 Aug. 14/8 Another of Rowntree's papers, the Northern Echo, also provided a service for punters.

Draft additions February 2005

A fluctuation in economic or population statistics caused by a similar occurrence a generation earlier. Now: spec. an increase in birth rate between the late 1970s and early 1990s due to the children of the post-Second World War baby boom becoming parents (cf. echo boom n.); (also as a mass noun) the people born during this period.

ΚΠ

1915 D. H. Robertson Study of Industr. Fluctuation ii. 43 We shall then see..in the losses of 1903–5 the echoes of the great output of 1888–9; and in those of 1908–10 the echoes of 1891–2.

1938 J. Einarsen Reinvestm. Cycles in Norwegian Shipping Industry ii. i. 39 In capital production just as in populations large generations will be followed by echos.

1966 R. A. Easterlin in Amer. Econ. Rev. 56 1086 The dramatic baby boom [has] set up an echo effect, currently being felt in the form of a sharp upsurge in the young adult population.

1991 Futurist May–June 11/1 In addition to the baby boomers..three age groups are influencing the shifting structure and composition of the work force: 1930s Depression babies (1929–1940); the baby-bust cohort (1965–1978); and the baby-boom echo (1979 (plus)).

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

echov.

Brit.

/ˈɛkəʊ/, U.S.

/ˈɛkoʊ/

Etymology: < echo n.

a. intransitive. Of places: To resound with an echo. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (intransitive)] > reverberate or echo > of places

rebound1535

re-echoa1599

rebellow1607

echoa1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iii. iii. 52 Kist her lips with such a clamorous smacke, that..all the Church did eccho .

1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. 105 And at every Roar it gave, it made all the Valley Eccho .

1747 J. Hervey Medit. (1818) 163 All eternity [will] echo to their triumphant acclamations.

1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 93 Larks and nightingales make the sky echo with song.

b. Of a sound: To be repeated by echoes, give rise to echoes, reverberate, resound; hence figurative of rumours, fame, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (intransitive)] > reverberate or echo > of sounds

rebounda1398

redounda1470

echo1563

reverberate1591

remurmur1699

verberate1767

1563 T. Sackville in W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) Induct. sig. P.iii ^v With dolefull shrikes, that eckoed in the skye.

1690 London Gaz. No. 2532/2 This was followed by Long Live King Joseph, which quickly eccho'd all over the City.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 79 That Sound eccho'd and reverberated from innumerable Cavities..among the Rocks.

1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. v. 305 Now the deadened roar Echoed beneath.

a. transitive. Of places or material objects: to repeat (a sound) by echo.

ΚΠ

1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. ii. 205 A sound echoed from many sides is made voluminous.

b. Used for: To reflect (light).

ΚΠ

1823 T. L. Beddoes Romance of Lily in Album Aug. 255 The last dim star with doubtful ray..Echoed to the eye on water.

3. figurative.

a. Of persons: To repeat (sounds, words) in the manner of an echo; to repeat the words of, imitate the style or sentiments of (another person); to play the echo to, flatter with servile assent. Of language, compositions, etc.: To imitate, resemble (an earlier model).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (transitive)]

evenlecheOE

resemble?c1400

imitate1534

sequest1567

succeed1577

act1599

pattern1601

similize1606

like1613

echoa1616

sample1616

ape1634

transcribe1646

copy1648

copy1649

mime1728

borrowa1847

to make likea1881

replicate1915

the mind > language > speech > repetition > repeat [verb (transitive)] > after another

reportc1425

repeat1573

echoa1616

re-echo1635

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 110 Oth. What doest thou thinke? Iag. Thinke my Lord? Oth. Thinke my Lord? By heauen he ecchoes me.

1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver xxii. 140 All which I Eccho with thee that possibly it may be so.

1759 R. Jackson Hist. Rev. Pennsylvania 133 This Language was never echoed at Home.

1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 32 Posterity have echoed these censures.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §6. 333 In England Colet and More echoed with greater reserve the scorn and invective of their friends.

b. absol. To repeat words like an echo.

ΚΠ

1880 ‘Mrs. Forrester’ Roy & Viola I. 7 Dreams, indeed, my dear, echoes Netta lightly.

c. intransitive. To play the echo to.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > repetition > repeat [verb (intransitive)]

echo1637

rehearse1693

recite1742

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (intransitive)] > a person's humour, words, or style

echo1637

humour1652

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [verb (transitive)] > utter > repeat (sounds)

echo1637

1637 T. Heywood Dial. ii. 29 Now echo vnto me, and sing, Thou myne.

1702 N. Rowe Tamerlane iv. i. 1705 I will Eccho to thee, thou Adulterer, Thou dost profane the name of King and Soldier.

1767 H. Kelly Babler II. 209 She constantly echoed to his groans.

a. In Whist.

ΚΠ

1862 ‘Cavendish’ Princ. Whist (1879) 268 You should not echo a call unless you have at least four trumps.

b. absol. Also in Bridge (cf. echo n. 8), to indicate how many cards of a suit are held, or to request a specific lead.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > play bridge [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics

echo1885

peter1887

declare1895

false-card1902

finesse1902

to go over1902

to go down1905

switch1906

pass1908

exit1930

break1952

shoot1957

1885 R. A. Proctor How to play Whist 96 You cannot readily echo, as you can signal, by the discard.

1900 A. Dunn Bridge (ed. 3) 53 The ‘trump suit echo’ is played to inform a partner that the player who ‘echoes’ originally held four, or more, trumps.

1900 A. Dunn Bridge (ed. 3) 54 He should take the first opportunity of echoing in a plain suit, which will inform the leader that he has still one trump remaining.

1959 T. Reese & A. Dormer Bridge Player's Dict. 77 It is possible to echo by playing a three followed by a two.

1959 T. Reese & A. Dormer Bridge Player's Dict. 78 In the next example a defender echoes with four cards.

1959 T. Reese & A. Dormer Bridge Player's Dict. 236 If East had held a slightly different hand..he would not have echoed in trump.

Draft additions 1993

5. transitive. Electronics and Computing. Of a computer system: to send a copy of (an input signal) back to its source for display; to cause (a keyed character) to appear on a monitor screen as it is keyed.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > hardware > peripherals > use keyboard [verb (transitive)] > display or print > echo

echo1965

1965 Proc. AFIPS Conf. 27 239 An alternative to a terminal lock on terminals producing their own local copy of the input is to operate them full-duplex and to have the computer system echo or retransmit the input back for display.

1979 T. Housley Data Communications & Teleprocessing Syst. iii. 96 The computer then retransmits (or echoes) the character back along the communication line to the terminal.

1985 Pract. Computing Aug. 68/1 Line spacing is echoed correctly on-screen, though justification is not reproduced.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	echo
释义	echon. Brit. /ˈɛkəʊ/, U.S. /ˈɛkoʊ/ Forms: Plural echoes, rarely echos. Also Middle English ecko, Middle English–1600s ecco, 1500s–1700s eccho. Etymology: < Latin ēchō, < Greek ἠχώ, related to ἠχή sound. The termination -ώ was common in Greek female names, and perhaps (as in the similar case of πειθώ persuasion) the form may be due to personification, although in Greek literature it is used in an appellative sense much earlier than the mention of Echo as a distinct mythological person. 1. a. A repetition of sounds, which is produced by the reflexion of the sound-waves due to their incidence on something denser than the aerial medium in which they are propagated; hence concrete a secondary or imitative sound produced by reflected waves, as distinguished from the original sound caused by the direct waves. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > [noun] > reverberation or echo echo1340 repercussion1554 rebound1567 reverberation1569 reverberating1576 answer1609 re-echoing1611 re-echo1613 replicationa1616 back-echo1626 echoinga1649 reboation1648 redounda1665 aftersound1807 verberation1825 reverb1875 anacampsis1879 liveness1931 post-echo1956 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 60 Ecko, þet is þe rearde þet ine þe heȝe helles comþ ayen and acordeþ to al þet me him sayþ. 1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) Wisd. xvi. 16 Ecco sownynge aȝen fro hiȝeste hillis. 1485 W. Caxton Trevisa's Higden i. xxii Ecco is reboundynge of noyse. 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (xxvii. 8) The voyce of God must resound..as it were an Eccho in holow places. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 581 This miraculous rebounding of the voice, the Greekes haue a pretty name for, and call it Echo. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 581 Which if considered in Audibles, then will the Second Hypostasis be look'd upon, as the Eccho of an Original Voice; and the Third as the Repeated Eccho, or Eccho of that Eccho. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 13 Round and around the sounds were cast, Till echo seemed an answering blast. 1877 W. C. Bryant Little People 313 Like echoes softly flung from rock and hill. b. to applaud to the echo: i.e. so vociferously as to produce echoes. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > applaud [verb (transitive)] > loudly to applaud to the echoa1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. iii. 55 I would applaud thee to the very Eccho, That should applaud againe. View more context for this quotation 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xvi. 180 The whole performance was applauded to the echo. c. Telephone Engineering. (See quots.) Also attributive. ΚΠ 1925 Electr. Commun. IV. 40/1 Echo effects are caused by reflections of voice waves which take place whenever electrical irregularities are encountered in telephone circuits. 1959 Post Office Electr. Engineers' Jrnl. 52 69/1 A problem which continually confronts the communication engineer is the avoidance of echoes. 1959 Post Office Electr. Engineers' Jrnl. 52 69/1 These echoes arise from reflections occurring at unavoidable electrical discontinuities. d. In full radio echo. A radio wave which has been reflected or otherwise returned with sufficient magnitude and delay to be perceived as a wave distinct from that transmitted (see also quot. 1941). Also attributive and figurative. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > [noun] > signal > interference cross-talk1887 static1905 X1906 statics1912 click1914 jam1914 grinder1922 hash1923 mush1924 echo1928 image1928 radio echo1928 harmonic interference1929 second channel1932 1928 C. Størmer in Nature 3 Nov. 681/1 (heading) Short wave echoes and the Aurora Borealis. 1928 C. Størmer in Nature 3 Nov. 681/1 On Feb. 29 of this year I received a letter from Engineer Jørgen Hals..in which he says: ‘..I repeatedly heard signals from the Dutch short-wave transmitter station... At the same time as I heard the telegraph-signals I also heard echoes.’ 1928 C. Størmer in Nature 17 Nov. 768/1 (heading) Radio echoes and magnetic storms. 1930 Times 25 Mar. 11/4 Neither..appear to attach very much importance to these ‘echo’ effects... The effect of these ‘echoes’ at the receiving station can..be overcome by a directive aerial system which does not accept radiation from the backward direction. Echo signals may..also be produced by radiation leaving the transmitter..and travelling more than once round the world. 1941 B.B.C. Gloss. Broadc. Terms 10 Echo (1) Repetition of a sound after an interval of time, caused for example by reflection of sound waves, or occurring as a result of propagation of electro~magnetic waves over more than one path. (2) Reverberation artificially added to the output from a studio or hall. 1965 New Statesman 11 June 904/3 The hire-purchase controls just introduced, small enough not to induce substantial ‘echo’ effects in the future. e. A radar wave which has been reflected from an object; also, the representation of it on a radar screen. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > instrument for detection > [noun] > radar system > wave or beam echo1944 split beam1947 1944 D. R. Griffin in Science C. 589 To describe this process of locating obstacles by means of echoes, I suggest the word echolocation. 1945 Electronic Engin. 17 719/2 The measurement of interval between pulse and echo on the time base of the C.R. tube. 1947 W. B. Gould in Proc. IRE 35 1105/1 Radar equipment..has given fairly consistent unexplainable echoes at altitudes between approximately 300 and 3000 yards. For want of a better term, these echoes have been dubbed ‘Angels’ by Signal Corps personnel. 1953 R. Chisholm Cover of Darkness iii. 36 In the air the ‘noise’ (interference) was usually worse and often the echo was less clear. On the elevation (left-hand) tube there is slightly more of the echo above than below the horizontal trace. 2. The cause of this phenomenon personified.In Greek mythology, Echo was regarded as an ‘Oread’ or mountain nymph. ΚΠ 1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. i. 206 Els would I teare the Caue where Eccho lies And make her airie voice as hoarse as mine. View more context for this quotation 1795 ‘P. Pindar’ Pindariana 152 And Echo, long banish'd, sweet Maid, Return'd with her stories of Love. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §2. 15 The echoes talked down to me from the mountain walls. 3. An artifice in verse, by which one line is made to consist of a repetition (such as might be given by a literal echo) of the concluding syllables of the preceding line, so as to supply an answer to the question contained in it, or otherwise to give a continuous sense. Hence, the name of the species of verse in which this was done. Also attributive, as in echo verse.The most perfect modern example of this once fashionable device is Hugo's Chasse du Burgrave, where every alternate line throughout a long poem is an ‘echo’ of the preceding line. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhyme > [noun] > line echoing end of preceding line echo1633 1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 183 But are there cares and businesse with the pleasure? Echo. Leisure. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. iii. 178 Quoth he, O whether, wicked Bruin, Art thou fled to my—Echo, ruine? 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 62. ¶3 False wit chiefly consists in the Resemblance and Congruity..Sometimes of Syllables, as in Ecchos and Doggerel Rhymes. 1817 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 1st Ser. III. 216 A similar contrivance, that of Echo Verses, may here be noticed. †4. A response received or expected as a matter of course from the nature of the address. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [noun] > an answer, response > predictable echo1641 antiphon1651 antiphony1657 1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie v. xx. 333 Give out, from the inwards of his heart and soule, with an Eccho, Amen. 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. iii. 300 The Eccho or Antiphony which these elegant Exclaimers hope..to draw necessarily from their Audience. 5. figurative. A repetition or close imitation, chiefly of things that can be compared to speech, voice, or sound (e.g. a writer's thoughts or style), but occasionally with wider meaning; an enfeebled reproduction; an effect that continues after its cause has ceased; and the like. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > an imitation resemblant1484 patterna1500 counterfeiture1548 counterfeit1587 idol1590 reduplication1592 copy1596 module1608 imitationa1616 mockage1615 echo1622 conduplicationa1631 transcript1646 ectype1647 mime1650 duplicating1659 mimicry1688 replication1692 shadow1693 reproduction1701 mimication?1715 repetition1774 replicate1821 autotype1829 replica1841 re-creation1915 retake1922 mock-up1957 reprise1961 1622 A. Sparrow Rationale Bk. Common Prayer (1661) 221 Their Services are, as it were, so many Eccho's and Reflexions upon the Mystery of Pentecost. 1632 R. Sanderson 12 Serm. 465 God..also causeth the Eccho of that word to sound in our hearts. 1701 J. Swift Disc. Contests Nobles & Commons v. 57 His Folly, and his Wisdom..are all of his own Growth, not the Eccho or Infusion of other Men. 1749 J. Mason Ess. Power of Numbers & Princ. Harmony 60 The Sound is still an Eccho to the Sense. 1860 F. W. Farrar Ess. Origin Lang. i. 28 A feeble echo of splendours. 1878 B. Taylor Prince Deukalion ii. ii. 60 Was it some last echo blown From ended struggles? 6. transferred. A person who reflects or imitates the language, sentiments, or conduct of others; one who assents obsequiously to the opinions of another. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > humility > servility > [noun] > servile agreement > one who assentator1531 echoa1631 yes-man1874 a1631 J. Donne Poems (1650) 168 Then write, that I may follow, and so bee Thy debtor, thy eccho, thy foyle, thy zanee. 1691 Satyr against French 3 These Apes, these Echo's..of Men, Shall be the present Subject of my Pen. 1732 C. Wogan Let. to Swift 27 Feb. in J. Swift Wks. (1803) XVIII. 194 Clarendon, whom they reckoned the faithful echo of their master's intentions. 1841–4 R. W. Emerson Ess. vi, in Wks. (1906) I. 88 Better be a nettle in the side of your friend than his echo. 7. Music. (See quot.) ΚΠ 1711 London Gaz. No. 4797/3 The lesser Organ..has in it 10 Stops and 4 Eccho's. 1876 J. Hiles Catech. Organ (1878) i. 4 The Echo consisted of duplicates of some of the Treble stops of the other Manuals. 1878 E. J. Hopkins in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 21 The resources for..accompaniment were extended..by the insertion of an additional short manual organ called the Echo. 8. Whist. (See quot. 1876.) Also in Bridge, a signal to one's partner, esp. by the playing of a higher card of a suit followed by a lower, indicating how many cards of a suit are held, or requesting a specific lead. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics echo1862 signal1864 Vienna Coup1864 Peter1885 Bath coup1897 promotion1900 finesse1902 switch1921 false-carding1923 squeeze1926 squeeze play1926 suicide squeeze1931 pseudo-squeeze1932 throw-in1932 suit preference signal1934 underlead1934 psyching1938 ruff and discard1939 hold-up1945 upper cut1955 safety play1959 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > whist > [noun] > actions or tactics > signal to partner echo1862 call1865 sub-echo1885 1862 ‘Cavendish’ Princ. Whist (1879) 268 The advantages of the echo are manifold. 1876 A. Campbell-Walker Correct Card Gloss. p. xi Echo, asking for trumps in response to your partner's ask, when but for his demand you would not have called. 1899 A. Dunn Bridge 51 The plain suit echo. 1902 A. Dunn New Ideas on Bridge 80 A player must have either led or ‘called for’ trumps before his partner gives the ‘three-trump echo’. 1939 N. de V. Hart Bridge Players' Bedside Bk. 140 High-low play as a signal to the partner is termed a peter if it occurs in a suit contract and an echo at No-Trumps. 1939 N. de V. Hart Bridge Players' Bedside Bk. 141 There is..no longer any difference between a peter and an echo. 1960 T. Reese Play Bridge with Reese iii. 20 I should imagine that West has led from four hearts and the diamonds may well be 3–3 since no one began an echo. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. echo-detection n. ΚΠ 1947 J. G. Crowther & R. Whiddington Sci. at War iv. 156 The numerous break-downs in service almost caused the use of the echo-detection to be dropped by the Navy. echo device n. ΚΠ 1933 Discovery June 174/1 Use will also be made of an ‘echo’ device which measures the depth of the sea by the time which the echo takes to return from the bed. echo mixture n. ΚΠ 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio xi. 192 When echo is wanted on only one voice, as..in a conversation between two people, one of whom is at the bottom of a well, control over this can be exercised with the echo-mixture switch. echo-phrase n. ΚΠ 1962 Y. Olsson in F. Behre Contrib. Eng. Syntax 90 The echo-phrase ‘We have’. echo-question n. ΚΠ 1956 Kenyon Rev. 18 433 Rising juncture..signals an ‘echo question’. echo-ranging n. ΚΠ 1961 New Scientist 11 May 304 To point the beam out from the side of the ship (echo-ranging) and tilt it down a few degrees below the horizontal. echo-reflex n. ΚΠ 1957 D. L. Bolinger in Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. xxviii. 26 The difference between yes–no echo-reflex and how-why echo-reflex. echo-word n. ΚΠ 1922 O. Jespersen Lang. xvi. 313 Fr. pisser—an echo-word if ever there was one. 1938 Michigan Daily 14 July 1/1 In general, an ‘echo-word’, Dr. Emeneau elucidated, is formed by the reduplication of a part of the word after an inserted pattern syllable that has no meaning of its own. b. echo-echoing n. ΚΠ 1845 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 264 Its echo-echoing walls at a whisper fall. echo-giving n. ΚΠ 1839 H. W. Longfellow Sunrise on Hills in Voices of Night 46 The echo-giving hills. echo-wise adv. ΚΠ a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI. Serm. (1661) xix. 385 If it come..from Him to us first, and from us then to you (echo-wise). C2. echo box n. (see quot.). ΚΠ 1950 Gloss. Terms Radar (B.S.I.) 7 Echo box, a cavity resonator, having small damping, energized by pulses of energy radiated from a nearby aerial or by a probe in a waveguide. echo chamber n. originally U.S. a confined space where sound reverberates; also attributive and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > [noun] > echo chamber or instrument whispering-placea1661 singing glass1669 sound-board1766 sounding-board1766 whispering-gallery1812 reverberation chamber1925 echo room1933 echo chamber1937 1937 Variety Radio Directory 1937–8 341 Echo chamber, a reverberant room used to add hollow effects and actual echoes. 1953 New Yorker 4 Apr. 6/3 There's free-wheeling music in the echo-chamber grill. 1955 N.Y. Times 16 Jan. vi. 26/4 New York, an echo chamber of squeezed apartment buildings, is even more in need of a honking ban than..Paris. 1958 Punch 22 Jan. 152/1 I was going to write about echo-chambers, which are currently giving such pleasure to all listeners by piping the broadcast voice into an empty, thirty-foot room and piping it out again with sonorous accretions of overtones. echo organ n. a set of pipes in an organ, enclosed in a wooden box to give a distant sound effect. ΚΠ 1855 E. J. Hopkins Organ xv. 66 The Echo organ consists of a duplication of the treble portion of some of the stops found on the other manual organs, closed in a wooden box, to render their tone soft and more distant-sounding. 1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 830/1 The fifth manual, where it occurs, is the echo organ. 1938 Oxf. Compan. Music 659/1 In certain very large instruments there is a manual devoted to delicate stops, with a far-away sound, and this is called the Echo Organ. echo-plummet n. [ 1d] a radio sounder for measuring height above ground level or the depth of water in the sea. ΚΠ 1931 Flight 27 Mar. 274/2 The echo-plummet used extensively for maritime navigation seems to encounter certain difficulties in aeroplanes. 1933 Discovery Oct. 307/1 The well known acoustic echo plummet which is employed in measuring ocean depths. echo room n. = echo chamber n. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > [noun] > echo chamber or instrument whispering-placea1661 singing glass1669 sound-board1766 sounding-board1766 whispering-gallery1812 reverberation chamber1925 echo room1933 echo chamber1937 1933 ‘R. Stranger’ Dict. Wireless Terms 59 Echo Room, a term used in broadcasting to indicate the place where echoes are produced artificially in order to give a more life-like effect to broadcasting. † echo-sound n. Obsolete a certain artifice in verse (see quot.). ΚΠ 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 167 Ye make one worde both beginne and end your verse, which therefore I call the slow retourne, otherwise the Eccho sound. Derivatives ˈechoism n. the formation of words imitative of natural sounds. ΚΠ 1880 J. A. H. Murray 9th Ann. Addr. Philol. Soc. 20 Onomatopœia..I prefer to call echoism. echoist n. one who repeats like an echo. ΚΠ 1880 J. A. H. Murray 9th Ann. Addr. Philol. Soc. 20 Echoism suggests the echoing of a sound heard, and has the useful derivatives echoist, echoize, and echoic. ˈechoize v. †to repeat as does an echo (obsolete); to form words imitative of sounds. ΚΠ 1600 C. Tourneur Transformed Metamorph. Prol. sig. A4 The ecchoized sounds of horrorie. Draft additions 1993 With capital initial. As the name or part of the name of a newspaper or journal. ΘΚΠ society > communication > journalism > journal > newspaper > [noun] > titles of newspapers observator1642 mercury1643 post1645 examiner1710 echo1729 times1788 mail1789 messenger1796 thunderer1830 anti-Jacobin1867 Trib1878 Nikkei1982 1729 (title) The Echo; or Edinburgh weekly journal. 1868 (title) The Echo. An evening newspaper. 1874 (title of newspaper) Western Echo. 1885 List of Subscribers Exchange Syst. (United Telephone Co.) (ed. 6) p. xv The Company are now supplying Instruments to..the ‘Times’,..‘Echo’, ‘Observer’, ‘Graphic’, and other Newspapers. 1902 G. B. Shaw Mrs. Warren's Profession Author's Apol. p. xxxi Can anything be more absurd than the copy of The Echo which contains a notice of the performance of my play? 1958 Times 6 Sept. 8/5 On September 16 the so far mythical Borchester Echo will, in fact, appear on the bookstalls. The B.B.C. have decided to mark ‘The Archers’ 2,000th broadcast on September 26 by producing just one edition. 1987 Sunday Tel. 23 Aug. 14/8 Another of Rowntree's papers, the Northern Echo, also provided a service for punters. Draft additions February 2005 A fluctuation in economic or population statistics caused by a similar occurrence a generation earlier. Now: spec. an increase in birth rate between the late 1970s and early 1990s due to the children of the post-Second World War baby boom becoming parents (cf. echo boom n.); (also as a mass noun) the people born during this period. ΚΠ 1915 D. H. Robertson Study of Industr. Fluctuation ii. 43 We shall then see..in the losses of 1903–5 the echoes of the great output of 1888–9; and in those of 1908–10 the echoes of 1891–2. 1938 J. Einarsen Reinvestm. Cycles in Norwegian Shipping Industry ii. i. 39 In capital production just as in populations large generations will be followed by echos. 1966 R. A. Easterlin in Amer. Econ. Rev. 56 1086 The dramatic baby boom [has] set up an echo effect, currently being felt in the form of a sharp upsurge in the young adult population. 1991 Futurist May–June 11/1 In addition to the baby boomers..three age groups are influencing the shifting structure and composition of the work force: 1930s Depression babies (1929–1940); the baby-bust cohort (1965–1978); and the baby-boom echo (1979 (plus)). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). echov. Brit. /ˈɛkəʊ/, U.S. /ˈɛkoʊ/ Etymology: < echo n. 1. a. intransitive. Of places: To resound with an echo. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (intransitive)] > reverberate or echo > of places rebound1535 re-echoa1599 rebellow1607 echoa1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iii. iii. 52 Kist her lips with such a clamorous smacke, that..all the Church did eccho . View more context for this quotation 1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. 105 And at every Roar it gave, it made all the Valley Eccho . View more context for this quotation 1747 J. Hervey Medit. (1818) 163 All eternity [will] echo to their triumphant acclamations. 1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 93 Larks and nightingales make the sky echo with song. b. Of a sound: To be repeated by echoes, give rise to echoes, reverberate, resound; hence figurative of rumours, fame, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (intransitive)] > reverberate or echo > of sounds rebounda1398 redounda1470 echo1563 reverberate1591 remurmur1699 verberate1767 1563 T. Sackville in W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) Induct. sig. P.iii ^v With dolefull shrikes, that eckoed in the skye. 1690 London Gaz. No. 2532/2 This was followed by Long Live King Joseph, which quickly eccho'd all over the City. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 79 That Sound eccho'd and reverberated from innumerable Cavities..among the Rocks. 1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. v. 305 Now the deadened roar Echoed beneath. 2. a. transitive. Of places or material objects: to repeat (a sound) by echo. ΚΠ 1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. ii. 205 A sound echoed from many sides is made voluminous. b. Used for: To reflect (light). ΚΠ 1823 T. L. Beddoes Romance of Lily in Album Aug. 255 The last dim star with doubtful ray..Echoed to the eye on water. 3. figurative. a. Of persons: To repeat (sounds, words) in the manner of an echo; to repeat the words of, imitate the style or sentiments of (another person); to play the echo to, flatter with servile assent. Of language, compositions, etc.: To imitate, resemble (an earlier model). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (transitive)] evenlecheOE resemble?c1400 imitate1534 sequest1567 succeed1577 act1599 pattern1601 similize1606 like1613 echoa1616 sample1616 ape1634 transcribe1646 copy1648 copy1649 mime1728 borrowa1847 to make likea1881 replicate1915 the mind > language > speech > repetition > repeat [verb (transitive)] > after another reportc1425 repeat1573 echoa1616 re-echo1635 a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 110 Oth. What doest thou thinke? Iag. Thinke my Lord? Oth. Thinke my Lord? By heauen he ecchoes me. 1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver xxii. 140 All which I Eccho with thee that possibly it may be so. 1759 R. Jackson Hist. Rev. Pennsylvania 133 This Language was never echoed at Home. 1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 32 Posterity have echoed these censures. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §6. 333 In England Colet and More echoed with greater reserve the scorn and invective of their friends. b. absol. To repeat words like an echo. ΚΠ 1880 ‘Mrs. Forrester’ Roy & Viola I. 7 Dreams, indeed, my dear, echoes Netta lightly. c. intransitive. To play the echo to. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > repetition > repeat [verb (intransitive)] echo1637 rehearse1693 recite1742 the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (intransitive)] > a person's humour, words, or style echo1637 humour1652 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [verb (transitive)] > utter > repeat (sounds) echo1637 1637 T. Heywood Dial. ii. 29 Now echo vnto me, and sing, Thou myne. 1702 N. Rowe Tamerlane iv. i. 1705 I will Eccho to thee, thou Adulterer, Thou dost profane the name of King and Soldier. 1767 H. Kelly Babler II. 209 She constantly echoed to his groans. 4. a. In Whist. ΚΠ 1862 ‘Cavendish’ Princ. Whist (1879) 268 You should not echo a call unless you have at least four trumps. b. absol. Also in Bridge (cf. echo n. 8), to indicate how many cards of a suit are held, or to request a specific lead. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > play bridge [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics echo1885 peter1887 declare1895 false-card1902 finesse1902 to go over1902 to go down1905 switch1906 pass1908 exit1930 break1952 shoot1957 1885 R. A. Proctor How to play Whist 96 You cannot readily echo, as you can signal, by the discard. 1900 A. Dunn Bridge (ed. 3) 53 The ‘trump suit echo’ is played to inform a partner that the player who ‘echoes’ originally held four, or more, trumps. 1900 A. Dunn Bridge (ed. 3) 54 He should take the first opportunity of echoing in a plain suit, which will inform the leader that he has still one trump remaining. 1959 T. Reese & A. Dormer Bridge Player's Dict. 77 It is possible to echo by playing a three followed by a two. 1959 T. Reese & A. Dormer Bridge Player's Dict. 78 In the next example a defender echoes with four cards. 1959 T. Reese & A. Dormer Bridge Player's Dict. 236 If East had held a slightly different hand..he would not have echoed in trump. Draft additions 1993 5. transitive. Electronics and Computing. Of a computer system: to send a copy of (an input signal) back to its source for display; to cause (a keyed character) to appear on a monitor screen as it is keyed. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > peripherals > use keyboard [verb (transitive)] > display or print > echo echo1965 1965 Proc. AFIPS Conf. 27 239 An alternative to a terminal lock on terminals producing their own local copy of the input is to operate them full-duplex and to have the computer system echo or retransmit the input back for display. 1979 T. Housley Data Communications & Teleprocessing Syst. iii. 96 The computer then retransmits (or echoes) the character back along the communication line to the terminal. 1985 Pract. Computing Aug. 68/1 Line spacing is echoed correctly on-screen, though justification is not reproduced. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1340v.1563
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