| 释义 |
effectn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French effecte, effect; Latin effectus. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman effecte, effete, affect, affecte, etc., Anglo-Norman and Middle French effect (French effet ) result, consequence (13th cent. in Old French), (in plural) goods, movable property (1310), in Anglo-Norman also legal force (a1267), purpose, end (14th cent.), fact (14th cent.), purport (1419), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin effectus carrying out, performance, accomplishment (of something), state of completion, result, outcome, favourable result, success, mode of action or operation, in post-classical Latin also reality as opposed to appearance (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), purport, gist (from 1319 in British sources; a1248 in in effectu to all intents, virtually) < efficere effect v. + -tus, suffix forming verbal nouns. Compare Old Occitan effech.In β. forms (as also in Anglo-Norman) apparently by association with affect n. or affect v.2 Such spelling variation is shown by a number of other words in affect- or effect- ; in some cases (such as the occurrence of e- spellings for affect v.2) this seems to have a semantic explanation, but in others (such as the occurrence of e- spellings for affect v.1 or (very frequently) for affection n.1) semantic confusion with particular effect- words seems less likely. Compare also affectation n., affecter n., affectionally adv., affectionate adj., effect v., effective adj., effectuable adj., effectual adj., effectually adv., effectuous adj., effectuate adj. In all cases quotations and spellings have been distributed between these entries on a semantic basis, with the exception of the sense ‘earnest’ which is shared between pairs of words such as effectual adj. and affectual adj., where there appears to have been genuine synonymy (rather than simply sporadic spelling variation) reflecting synonymy which is found earlier in post-classical Latin (see discussion at effectual adj.). With phrasal uses compare e.g. Anglo-Norman and Middle French en effect in fact, indeed, Anglo-Norman ovesques effect with effect, Middle French sans effect without result, Middle French a bon effect with a good result, Anglo-Norman mettre en effect , mettre a effect to give effect to, Middle French mettre a effect to put into execution, to put into practice, to accomplish, Anglo-Norman prendre effect to take effect, be effective, Middle French prendre effect to take place, Anglo-Norman tenir effect to take effect, come into force, Anglo-Norman venir a effect , Anglo-Norman venir en effect to be effective, Middle French venir a effect to happen. In sense 8 after French effet (1694 in this sense). 1. the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)] > become active or come into operation the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > bring into practice or performance 1385 in D. Macpherson et al. (1819) II. 73/2 That speciall trew and assurance sall be twix thaim..haveand the force and effecte in all poyntz as the next trewe gangand before. c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale l. 782, in (1940) IV. 441 Albeit that his desir ne take noon effect, yet is it to hym a deedly synne. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius i. pr. iv. 102 The coempcioun ne was nat axid ne took effect. 1442 in J. C. Tingey (1910) II. 151 (MED) Þat þis ordennaunce be gyune to take effect at Michelmas next nowe coming. 1542 W. Paget in (1849) VIII. 705 Lay your heddes all three to gidre, and shove at this treatye, that it may take effect. 1569 R. Grafton II. 302 They treated for a peace betweene the two kinges, but nothing came to effect. 1642 tr. J. Perkins ix. §581. 253 Where a just grant, or other thing cannot take effect without a deed. 1695 J. Woodward 104 'Twas well onwards of a thousand Years before ever this Curse began to take effect. 1704 No. 4062/7 The Enemy..set Fire to great quantities of Powder, with Intent to spring their Mines; which..was prevented from taking Effect, by cutting off the Fusees. 1783 Hist. Europe 51/1 To give effect to this purpose, he appointed a commissioner. a1817 J. Austen (1818) I. xiv. 266 If such a design is known.., proper measures will..be taken..to prevent its coming to effect . View more context for this quotation 1845 H. H. Wilson I. viii. 529 The Administration was willing to give effect..to the arrangements. 1846 21 Apr. 7/1 Appointing the following staff to the detachment..proceeding to the upper province..with effect from the 24th January. 1870 E. A. Freeman (ed. 2) II. App. 533 Eadward's grant was not to take effect till after the death of Ælfwine. 1926 24 Feb. 7/4 With immediate effect, promotion to colonel in the Indian Army will be by selection to fill establishment vacancies. 1937 12 Apr. 30/2 (caption) While the New York minimum-wage law was in effect all starchers got at least $12.40 a week. 1988 S. Rushdie vi. 388 The brothels were to be closed, with immediate effect. 1993 P. Mayle xiii. 190 And I'm also pleased to tell you that the CMB has decided to appoint your agency with effect from January first. 2002 27 Mar. 4/3 A Treasury Order giving effect to the increase was laid before Parliament earlier this month. the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [noun] 1608 E. Topsell 61 So great is the tabificall effect of this poyson of Aspes. 1652 J. Gaule 215 There may be some reall effect upon the patient indirectly, and consequentially..although there be none such primarily, and directly. 1668 (Royal Soc.) 3 635 What Effects are thereby produced upon the body. 1719 J. Richardson i. 218 So as to make it Conspicuous, that it may have a due effect upon the Mind of the Reader. 1774 (Royal Soc.) 65 109 The benumbing effect of that fish. 1832 D. Brewster vi. 149 It will act like a concave lens when the cooling effect has reached the axis. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato (ed. 2) I. 194 Speeches which will have an effect upon the courts. 1883 Sept. 562/1 The effects which the demand for aboriginality..had upon the race of builders. 1937 Apr. 123/2 In Baluchistan a preparation called ‘shamma’ is made from the spent or exhausted leaves..and is said to have the same exhilarating, almost intoxicating, effect. 1962 E. Roosevelt i. x. 89 My grandmother's life had a considerable effect on me. 2001 Sept. 24/2 The issue of statistical power—that is, the sample size required to give a reasonable chance of revealing a genuine effect, if one exists. the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [noun] > effective operation of energy or force > amount done in a given time 1760 (Royal Soc.) 51 137 Tho' here is the exertion of gravity upon a given quantity of water, yet being prevented by a counterbalance from moving, is capable of producing no mechanical effect, according to our definition. 1784 G. Atwood 265 The same mechanical effect is therefore produced by an inconsiderable, as by a very great velocity, compensation being made for the diminished velocity by increasing the mass of matter moved. 1812 J. Playfair I. 106 The effect of animal force, then, or the quantity of work done in a given time, will be proportional. 1828 J. M. Spearman 262 His [sc. a cart-horse] useful effect..may be expressed by 8150lbs. carried one mile daily. 1834 (Royal Soc.) 124 309 The application of the power of steam, in order that the greatest possible useful effect may be produced with a given quantity of coals. 1849 16 545 A perfect thermodynamic engine..is a machine by means of which the greatest possible amount of mechanical effect can be obtained from a given thermal agency. 1871 B. Stewart (ed. 2) §389 An agent for generating mechanical effect. 1920 A. 97 109 The choice of the position of the striking-point actually adopted in the pianoforte is no doubt determined by its influence on the useful effect produced by the impact of the hammer. 1990 C. Smith in R. C. Olby et al. xxi. 330 Throughout these discussions, the production of mechanical effect and its efficient use formed the central theme. the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [noun] > thing or material object > cognizable by the senses or phenomenon 1856 7 54 I hope also to be able to make determinations in absolute measure of the amount of the Peltier effect for a given strength of current between various pairs of metals. 1878 VIII. 98/1 This anomaly led Tait to the discovery..that the Thomson effect in iron changes its sign..at a temperature near low red heat. 1894 (Royal Soc.) A. 184 741 The waves are carried to the receiver at their accustomed frequency: there is no Doppler effect. 1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham (ed. 2) x. 166 When the current density becomes excessive,..what is known as the anode effect is observed at carbon anodes in fused metallic halides. 1940 G. S. Carter xvi. 304 (caption) ‘Staircase effect’ in the sphincter muscle of Calliactis. Increase in the strength of contraction during a train of impulses. 1950 R. Heinlein (1975) ix. 91 It's the greenhouse effect—the heat traps. 1967 Feb. 39/1 The Coanda effect..occurs when a jet of fluid is expelled near an inclined flat or curved plate. The jet leaving the orifice entrains (drags away) fluid from its surroundings. 1972 D. Wolf v. 54 Jack's greatness on the court had a Pied Piper effect on many youngsters. 1990 18 Aug. 38/1 Having a high-profile media figure in the department stimulates student recruitment. Ten years after David Bellamy left ,..the ‘Bellamy Effect’ is still said to be active at the University of Durham's botany division. 2000 9 May i. 4/6 Café-bars reflective surfaces and floors will reflect the sun, the heat of which will be trapped by tall city buildings in what is known as the urban ‘heat island’ effect. 2001 30 July 42/4 Tiger Woods may win more tournaments and bag the most prize money. But the Tiger Effect is making his fellow golf pros a lot richer, too. 2003 N. Rush xv. 198 He had tested her for the Ragland effect and it had been positive. 1875 (Royal Soc.) 165 134 The factor of effect with each gun and charge—that is, the percentage of the maximum effect actually realized. 1902 180/1 With a factor of effect 0.7, the net muzzle energy is 0.7 x 4 x 92.4881 = 259 foot-tons. 1918 A. 94 489 The mean frictional resistance μ′ of the gas is unknown; it may be included in the general loss μ and accounted for in the factor of effect. 1905 E. L. Thorndike x. 166 This law..[of acquired connections] might be stated..as follows. (1) The line of least resistance is,..that resulting in the greatest satisfaction to the animal... We may call (1) the Law of Effect. 1922 R. S. Woodworth 392 The law of effect, stated as objectively as possible, is simply that the successful or unsuccessful outcome or effect of a reaction determines whether it shall become firmly linked with the stimulus, or detached from the stimulus and thus eliminated. 1929 XVIII. 683/1 The so-called ‘Law of Effect’,..which refers..more particularly to the acquisition of skill, and to the formation of habit. 1951 J. C. Flügel (ed. 2) ii. ii. 83 Thorndike and others owe to Bain the first clear formulation of what later became known as the ‘law of effect’ (the ‘stamping in’ of movements under the influence of pleasure). 2002 99 7230/2 Thorndike later refined the theory as the Law of Effect, based on the principle that ‘pleasure stamps in, pain stamps out’. 2. the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [noun] the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [noun] c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale l. 607, in (1940) IV. 420 Charmes for woundes..if they taken any effect, it may be parauenture that god suffreth it. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 238 Þe effect [L. efficacia] and might of medicyne of þis herbe is most in þe crop. 1425 (1814) II. 9/1 Thai lettres salbe..of nane awayll, fors, nor effec. c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer l. 620 Thyng that beryth more effect. a1438 (1940) i. 83 (MED) Þe preste cam a-geyn to hir to preuyn þe effect of her preyerys. 1444 V. 103/1 That the seid Article so autorised be voyd..and of non forse ne effect. 1480 W. Caxton ccxxv. 30 This ordynaunce..was of lytell effect. a1538 T. Starkey (1989) 11 Thys law [i.e. civil law] takyth effecte of the opynyon of man. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria i. ix. f. 43 Whose perfume is of most excellent effect to heale the reumes. 1585 R. Parsons ii. v. 350 So the matter by delation came to no effect. 1611 Mark vii. 13 Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton ix. 865 This Tree is..of Divine effect To open Eyes. View more context for this quotation 1782 J. Priestley I. iv. 341 A law was made..but it had little effect. 1790 W. Bligh 2 I..endeavoured to persuade some one to a sense of duty; but it was to no effect. 1809 J. Roland 115 You may..throw his foil at a sufficient distance..to enable you to deliver a thrust with effect. 1858 T. Carlyle II. x. viii. 680 Respectful message to his Majesty was of no effect. 1900 10 Mar. 11/5 Next, the kindly announcement of the line of route allowed some little time for decoration, and it was used to great effect. 1924 9 Mar. 11/3 Mr. Cosgrave was assuming that, by their refusal to appoint the Commissioner, opting-out..had become void and of no effect. 1937 J. Agate Diary 9 Oct. in (1976) 90 William Devlin, who has already played Clemenceau with magnificent effect, will take on Zola. 1983 P. O'Brian v. 152 Mars was too small and too low in the east to shine with any effect. 2005 10 Jan. (Game section) 6/4 Questions were also asked of David Bellion, who toiled away up front to little effect. the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > [noun] > phenomenon c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2125 The firste moeuere of the cause aboue Whan he first made the faire cheyne of loue Greet was theffect and heigh was his entente. a1450 ( G. Chaucer i. §21. 69 The planetes..causen us by hir influence..effectes like to the operaciouns of bestes. c1450 (a1400) Orologium Sapientiæ in (1888) 10 377 (MED) For hee hath both [sc. the sacrament bodily and goostly] to-gedir, þe ȝiver with þe ȝifte, & þe cause with þe effecte. a1516 H. Medwall sig. a.iiiv Ether of them trustede therby to attayne Theffecte of his desyre, yet when they had do One of them must nedis his appetit for goo. 1572 J. Jones iii. f. 22 Cause of sicknesse is that unto which any thing followeth, which is named effecte. 1588 T. Hariot sig. E4v The Wiroans with whom we dwelt..and many of his people would..call vpon vs..to pray and sing Psalmes; hoping thereby to bee partaker of the same effectes which wee by that meanes also expected. 1656 J. Smith Explic. sig. A3v The Effect, is that which is brought to passe by the Cause. 1715 J. T. Desaguliers tr. N. Gauger 4 Contrivances..that are the Effect of a great deal of Study. 1736 Bp. J. Butler i. i. 14 We know not at all what Death is in itself; but only some of its Effects. 1751 J. Harris i. ii. 9 Nature begins from Causes, and thence descends to Effects. 1848 H. H. Wilson III. ix. 485 The beneficial effects of their interposition had given shelter and security to private trade. 1876 C. M. Davies (rev. ed.) 313 Amusing themselves by trying the effect of stopping and unstopping their ears. 1931 D. Ireland v. 34 The palliative and negative portions of English legislation are retained, and the positive is rejected—such are the effects of the Northern Irish compromise. 2004 D. Pugh vi. 141 There is a natural distinction between the effects of storms at low latitudes..and those at higher latitudes. 3. c1390 (?c1350) Virgin of Antioch 502 in C. Horstmann (1878) 33 (MED) Þe bigynnyng of þis martirdom Furst of þat mayden com, But þe kniht þe effecte folfuld, For þat he was furst iculd. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) l. 1480 Lat mercy be in youre herte to theffect & entente þat god almyghty haue mercy on yow. a1450 (?1420) J. Lydgate (Tanner) (1891) 827 (MED) But þis theffecte of my mater finalle: Wiþ deþ or merci reles forto finde. a1464 J. Capgrave (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 215 (MED) Þe..duke of Lancastir..gaue it to þe Prince Edward, to þis effect, þat aftir his faderes deces he schuld be anoynted with þe same. ?1474 in C. L. Kingsford (1919) I. 148 (MED) I have spokyn with my cosyn Cottismore and aftyre the effect that ye and I comynyd. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil (1959) vi. ii. 131 Ane other goldin grane, to the ilk effect, Thou sal nocht myss. 1585 R. Lane Let. 12 Aug. in (1860) 4 8 I have also wrytten to your honor, by your servante Mr. Russelle, to a lyke effecte; who..wyll..cleare hymselfe very well to your honor of every chardege or imputaccione whatsoever. 1597 J. Skene at Mansus Carolus Magnus, to the effect that the Ministers of the worde of God suld not perish be hunger or povertie, gaue to ilke Kirke ane manse. 1652 J. Wadsworth tr. P. de Sandoval 287 Hee incharged the same Don Pedro..to go and surprise the said Souldiers, giving him two hundred hors and five hundred Foot to that effect. 1687 T. Brown 20 Jan. (1898) 42 Mr Jacksone..uyrwayes nameit merrie Andro..danced upon the rope..put up for that effect. 1755 Ld. Chesterfield in No. 146. ⁋8 If I thought it could be of any use, I could easily present them with a round robin to that effect. 1793 T. Jefferson Let. 7 Apr. in (1995) XXVI. 634 Measures to this effect are still taking. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 4325 His bakere and his butiller..they ne felte noon effect in dremes. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (1978) l. 1398 And for his freendes on a day he sente To tellen hem theffect of his entente. a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate (Arun.) (1911) 1903 (MED) My purpoos is breefly to expresse Theffecte only, as in sentement, Of the massage why that I am sent. a1500 in F. J. Furnivall (1903) 78 Theffect of whych was thus in dede. 1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau f. 89v Whiche is the effecte of the Latin texte as neare as I can construe it. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy xlii. 1129 He delivered unto them a script to this effect as followeth. 1605 T. Bodley in (1926) 147 Sir, I haue sette downe in Englishe, the effect of a speeche, which I should desire might be vsed to the king... I haue onely sette downe the roughe draught. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. ii. 280 Cask. He spoke Greeke. Cassi. To what effect ? View more context for this quotation 1666 Earl of Arlington 11 Jan. (1701) I. 53 He tells me he answered it all in his own hand; of which he hath told me the effect. 1711 No. 4812/4 Pretends to be a Physician, having a Diploma to that effect from the College of Doway. 1775 3 May 3/1 The commanding officer accosted the militia in words to this effect, ‘Disperse you damn'd rebels!’ 1818 W. Cruise (ed. 2) II. 17 A subsequent proviso was added to that effect. 1836 C. Dickens 2nd Ser. 335 Certain dark insinuations..to the effect that children in the lower ranks of life were beginning to choose chimney-sweeping as their particular walk. 1847 H. Staunton 36 A Piece or Pawn touched must be played, unless at the moment of touching it the player say ‘J'adoube’, or words to that effect. 1935 ii. 305 References appearing in the London newspapers to the effect that ‘war debts are as dead as the Dodo’ were cabled to the American press. 1986 S. Penman (1991) (U.K. ed.) i. xxxiv. 490 You said you'd sooner break bread with the Devil... Or words to that effect. 1998 17 Apr. i. 2/8 An elegant mechanism, to the effect that changes in the intensity of the solar wind..could affect the amount of cosmic rays entering the Earth's atmosphere. 2000 M. J. Nye in F. L. Holmes & T. H. Levere xiv. 383 Hermann Staudinger..had just published a controversial paper to this effect. the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > that which is important > essential or central c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) 298 I am a feend..And here I ryde aboute my purchasyng..My purchas is theffect of al my rente. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun (Nero) viii. l. 381 Þe effet our se he wrate, Consail to haf of þis debate. a1513 W. Dunbar (1998) I. 140 I stand fastand in a nwke, Quhill the effect of all thai fang thame. 1568 G. Buchanan (1923) 34 The substance and effect of hir haill harrang wes..that [etc.]. 4. c1390 in C. Horstmann (1892) i. 60 Monkynde þat was mad Parfyt, he fonde infecte, Causes of sikenes þen he forbad And eke þerof þe efecte [L. effectum]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 9v Somme nounes adiectiue tokeneþ..effect in creatures and somme respect... Of hem þat tokeneth effect somme tokeneth it in good habilite [L. in habitu] as..'riȝtful', 'merciable'; and somme in dede doinge [L. in actu], as..'makinge riȝtful'. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius ii. pr. vi. 111 The nature of every thyng maketh his proprete, ne it is nat entremedlyd with the effect of contrarious thynges. c1475 in F. J. Furnivall (1862) 140 (MED) In a gardyne I sportyd me..for to see The swete effecte of aprelle flowres. 1593 R. Hooker i. ii. 50 His wisdome hath stinted th'effects of his power. 1600 W. Shakespeare ii. iii. 107 What effects of passion shewes she? 1656 A. Cowley (1669) 22 (note) No natural effect gives such impressions of Divine fear, as Thunder. 1692 C. Gildon I. Prol. 10 But such a Discovery we made, that it surpriz'd us with several effects of Passion, one laugh'd, the nother swore, and the third preach'd. 1759 A. Gerard i. iii. 32 Though a perfectly accurate regularity is avoided, both in natural effects and in the fine arts; yet so much of it must be retained, as to keep the variety from degenerating into perplexity and confusion. 1794 J. Ryland 35 On this account we cannot always judge of the degree of grace by its outward effects, or the visible emotions of the passions. 1872 W. Black xxi. 301 The wildest atmospheric effects became visible. 1910 C. Holmes 10 The materialism which limited the original Impressionists to the rendering of natural effects of light and colour with the greatest attainable scientific truth. 1823 P. Nicholson 377 To produce graceful effects in the foliage and contour of the volutes. 1851 31 May 493/1 Messrs. Hullmandel, who produce effects in monochrome. 1870 19 Mar. 492/3 The other perfectly unique ‘Spohr effects’ produced during the performance of this cantata. 1884 J. Ruskin 222 The old water-colour men were wont to obtain their effects of atmosphere by, etc. 1892 Oct. 702/2 He [sc. an artist] is never obliged to resort to trick or device, or to employ meretricious effects. 1903 H. L. Keeler 161 Few trailing plants combine a better effect of flower and foliage than our Swamp blackberry. 1908 L. J. De Bekker 706/2 The sympathetic strings give a beautiful effect. 1925 Apr. 37/1 The small flowered effects used are reminiscent of the printed calicoes and chintzes which were the last word in colonial fashions. 1938 Oct. 21/3 Just think of the effects you can achieve—with chionodoxas, crocus, hyacinths..to touch merely a few high spots! 1949 H. Read (new ed.) ii. §67. 126 Certain effects which he obtained—the representation of mist, of foam, of swirling water—still baffle our analysis. 1973 E. Wilson (1975) iii. 185 The stitches can also add a variety of effects, lacy when worked openly; or when worked closely..becoming vibrant and shiny as enamel. 1998 Mar. (Painting Courses 1998 Suppl.) 7/2 Possibilities range from simple line drawings to detailed tonal, textural, wash and colour effects. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > special effect > [noun] 1838 11 Aug. 5/3 It may be inferred, not that the mechanical ingenuity of the 17th century was superior to ours, but that the audience were less critical as to theatrical effects. 1881 P. Fitzgerald i. 46 Few pieces excited more mysterious interest on its first production than the spectral effect in the drama. 1881 P. Fitzgerald i. 70 One of the most startling and successful effects was given in a revival of ‘Sardanapalus’... In the midst of the banqueting, a thunderbolt descended. 1911 C. N. Bennett et al. ix. 69 We append a table of well-known tinting effects... Moonlight effect,..candle light and lamp light effects,..firelight effect. 1914 E. A. Dench xviii. 78 Lighting effects often present a difficulty. 1928 68 A..new design of control room has been decided upon, wherein effects, echoes, background music, etc. can be mixed together and so balanced by a specially-trained operator. 1933 A. Brunel 217 Salaries..wages..set-building materials..costumes..properties, laboratory charges, trick effects. 1938 285/1 Effects, a term used in dance-band parlance..for imitative instruments such as various forms of whistle and anvil, baby cry..whip crack, &c. 1950 T. S. Eliot 40 She has simply faded—into some other picture—Like a film effect. 1955 O. Keepnews & W. Grauer ii. 19 They went in for cowbells and other dubious ‘novelty’ effects. 1990 June 74/1 $50 million..is hardly unusual for a film that is teeming with visual effects, has a shooting schedule of 130 days, and requires 45 big sets. 2001 Dec. 158/3 Without the aid of wires or effects, Lee goes magnificently through the motions. 1955 6 Feb. e9/6 In the R.C.A. synthesizer..special musical effects for each tiny increment in a musical passage are dialed into electronic circuits. 1969 Dec. 42/2 The Acoustic Reverberato is the first unit to be offered in the Acoustic accessory line. Features include a moderate true reverberation effect, three positions of tape echo delay..and a treble booster. 1978 Jan. 52/2 It's possible for the synthesist to add vibrato or other effects. 1989 Oct. 33/3 Then you learn:..panning, mixing and effects; reverb and delay effects. 1996 P. Trynka Gloss. 139/3 Fuzz, crude distortion effect caused by clipping of an overloaded signal; commonly produced using guitar footpedal effects boxes. 2001 M. Azerrad x. 366 A whole wave of English groups, dubbed ‘shoegazer bands’, sprang up in their wake, playing folk chords through phalanxes of effects pedals to make swirling, deafening music. 5. the world > action or operation > completing > [noun] the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > carry into effect (a command, promise, plan, etc.) a1425 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (Pierpont Morgan) f. 22v The vtter wit conteyneþ þe syȝte, herynge, seyinge..& þese wit in his lymis is brouȝte to effecte in þis maner. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius iii. pr. x. 262 Yf that a wyght wolde ryden for cause of hele, he ne desireth not so mochel the moevyng to ryden, as the effect of his hele. J. Metham (1916) 960 (MED) At the last he welcummyd hym goodely, Grauntyng the effecte off hys dysyre fully. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine 389/1 Who someuer shal..calle me that he may haue..theffecte of his requeste & prayer. a1538 T. Starkey (1989) 130 I thynke hyt schold be veray hard to bryng thys to effect. 1603 R. Knolles 177 What hee tooke in hand, hee..brought to good effect. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. i. 50 Loosing..the faire effects of future hopes. View more context for this quotation 1638 R. Brathwait (rev. ed.) 403 Never bringing their designes to effect. 1705 in (1852) II. 208 The only means to bring all happily to effect. 1709 J. Swift 42 The Proposals..are such as..a pious active Prince..might soon bring to Effect. 1837 J. F. Cooper I. v. 177 The prefects are no more than so many political aides, whose duty it is to carry into effect the orders that emanate from the great head. 1870 T. H. Huxley in L. Huxley (1900) I. 332 How glad I shall be to see your plan for ‘Stations’ carried into effect. 1936 Sept. 296/1 A tireless film director who was forever having ideas and would not rest until they were put into effect successfully. 2002 20 Feb. 2/2 If its recommendations had been put into effect, Territorial Army numbers would now be so low that the reservists would be unable to fulfil the tasks envisaged for them. the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > the reality as opposed to what is apparent 1592 R. Greene sig. K1 But since my exile, time that is the reuealer of truth, hath made the slaues bewraye the effect of the matter, so that this present Earle is found guiltye, mine honour saued, and he banished, and now extreamly distressed. 1609 W. Shakespeare v. iii. 112 Meere words..Th'effect doth operate another way. View more context for this quotation 1703 II. viii. 473 He should depart only with a Title, the Effect whereof he should not be possessed of, before he had very well deserv'd it. the mind > possession > acquisition > [noun] > that which is obtained or acquired > as the product of any action 1604 W. Shakespeare iii. iii. 54 I am still possest Of those effects for which I did the murther. the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > personal or movable property 1657 No. 112. 148 All Bills of Exchange, effects and monies are arrested and sequestered throughout all the land. 1697 E. Hatton (ed. 2) xiv. 229/1 Effects, Merchants Goods or Concerns. 1708 8 Nov. 4/2 An Act to Enable Creditors to receive their just Debts out of the effects of their absent or Absconding Debtors. 1712 J. Addison No. 499. ¶2. The Emperor, knowing they could not convey away many of their Effects, granted them their Petition. 1776 A. Mather 15 And are we willing to commit our most valuable effects to the custody of one who is unfaithful, and would squander them away? 1788 F. Grose (ed. 2) Algate, a draught on the pump at Algate [sic]; a bad bill of exchange, drawn upon persons who have no effects of the drawer. 1806 23 July 3/1 On the cheque being presented, it was found that the prisoner had no effects there at that time. 1822 Ld. Byron 2 Sept. (1979) IX. 202 I greatly doubt if Mr. Shelley has left any effects. 1843 W. M. Thackeray Ravenswing v, in Aug. 189/2 The bankers..declined to cash the captain's draft..simply writing the words ‘no effects’ on the paper. 1864 7 Nov. 4/1 She was told at the workhouse that her husband had left no effects. 1919 15 Mar. 2/2 Liens on furniture and other effects would be wasted legal action, leaders say. 1931 26 June 4/6 Default was made, and a distress warrant was returned marked ‘no effects’. 2006 (Nexis) 24 June 9 This image is of a country auction where all the household effects of a deceased's estate are brought outside to the front of the house. 1728 E. Chambers (at cited word) In the manage, Effect is applied to the Motions of the Hand, which direct the Horse. They distinguish four Effects of the Hand, viz. in using the Bridle to put a Horse forwards, draw him backwards, and shifting it out of the right Hand into the left, or vice versa. 1785 (ed. 3) (at cited word) Rod, is a switch carried by the horseman in his right hand, partly to represent a sword, and partly to conduct the horse, and second the effects of the hand and heels. 9. society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [noun] > work of art > impression produced by society > leisure > the arts > literature > art or occupation of writer or author > [noun] > effects produced by work 1736 Bp. J. Butler ii. iii. 236 What they call, the Effect in Architecture. 1781 S. Johnson I. 32 The poetical effect of a Lover's name upon glass. 1814 M. Faraday Let. in P. Day (1999) iii. 54 The surrounding lazzaroni assisted not a little in adding to the picturesque effect of the scene. 1824 J. S. Mill in 2 347 He who writes for effect..must address himself to the prevalent feeling. 1869 A. C. Swinburne in May 559 His [sc. Shelley's] aim is rather to render the effect of a thing than the thing itself. 1882 Nov. 920/2 Excess of ornamentation for the sake of show and effect. 1908 G. K. Chesterton v. 103 The whole hideous effect was as if some drunken dandies had put their clothes upon a corpse. 1952 M. Moore Let. 12 Jan. in (1997) 497 She rapidly puts in pins, stands you off and gets the effect, writes down the hour for a fitting. 1955 G. Greene ii. ii. 161 A whole family sat and lay about in it with the effect of a camp which might be struck at any moment. 2003 S. Brown 148 He had a volcanic temper, yet his outbursts were often staged for effect. 1905 19 Dec. 2 (advt.) Plain gold effect brooches: with white and colored sets. 1925 27 Mar. 20/2 We received congratulations..upon the fine marble effect on the walls of the bathroom..and also the walls with our silver-grain panelling, the latter being indistinguishable from oak. a1969 J. Kerouac (1992) 20 The men's room in Third Avenue El has wood walls painted green (for wainscot effect this). 1983 Dec. 550/1 The ten systems we've tested..are in similar design: a floor-standing rack about 3 ft. high, most in woodgrain effect. 1997 G. Williams xxiv. 154 Punters didn't have to watch abseiling from Latvia on a sports channel while sitting on a wood-effect stool that had been screwed to the floor. 2000 (RNLI) Christmas 27/2 Displayed in a mahogany effect frame. 1886 in (1940) 6 541 I propose to substitute the latest and best style of evaporators for making syrup call[ed] the double or triple effect. 1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney at Evaporators Multiple evaporators are generally operated under a vacuum, and may be either single, double, or triple Effects. 1946 Apr. 317/1 Evaporation in multiple effect is now universally used throughout the sugar industry as well as in the manufacture of condensed milk, soap, gelatine, and glue. 1961 13 Oct. 1043/2 The sea water falls..down the inside of the tubes and the steam (vapor) from the previous effect condenses on the outside, forming the product water. 2001 B. W. Higman 144 (caption) Photograph of the interior of the [sugar] factory at Albion, c. 1890, showing the triple effect,..evaporating pans,..and flywheel of the steam engine. Phrasesthe world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [adverb] the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > in fact, actually the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [adverb] > virtually c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 319 Al was fee symple to hym in effect. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) v. 750 (MED) Lettris tweyne..Whiche concluded tresoun in effect. a1500 (?a1450) (Harl. 7333) (1879) 118 (MED) Euerlasting lyf in Ioye, þe whiche many desirithe, but few laborithe in Effecte to have it. 1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza 243 With pretence to depart from thence vnto China, as in effect they did. 1593 R. Hooker Pref. 8 In shewe a..Senate..was to gouerne, but in effect one onely man shoulde..doe all in all. 1626 F. Bacon §236 No Man (in effect) doth accompany..but he learneth, (ere he is aware,) some Gesture, or Voice, or Fashion of the other. 1655 J. Denham (new ed.) 2 State and Wealth..is to him..No other in effect then what it seems. 1713 J. Addison No. 110 To say of a celebrated Piece that there are Faults in it, is in effect to say no more, than the Author of it was a Man. 1775 W. Kenrick et al. tr. Comte de Buffon III. 405 This orang-outang, therefore, or this pongo, is not only in effect an animal, but a very singular one. 1804 H. T. Colebrooke (new ed.) v. 137 The duties are paid..by the purchaser, but the charge in effect falls upon the importer. 1873 J. T. Moggridge i. 26 The seeds are thus in effect malted, the starch being changed into sugar. 1946 Aug. 196/2 In effect the pilot can avoid collision with buildings only if he knows he is near them and then carefully adjusts the antenna and observes the scope. 2006 13 July 41/2 There is no reason to believe that a preventive detention law that, in effect, authorizes arrest without grounds for suspicion would make us any safer. Compounds C1. In sense 4c with first element in plural form. 1928 268/2 Effects Studio, a studio in which the noise effects incidental to a transmission are made. 1941 10 Effects, sounds characteristic of a scene or incidental to an event... Hence effects microphone, microphone specially placed to pick up such sounds. 1951 N. Marsh iv. 98 A stage-hand..carried an effects-gun. This was fired at the appropriate moment. 1961 K. Reisz (ed. 9) 279 Effects track, soundtrack of sound effects other than speech and music. 2003 22 May (Life section) 4/2 The original film won awards and a succession of imitators for its depictions of ‘bullet time’..but for Reloaded, the effects team went back to the drawing board. 1992 S. Berkoff 120 This kind of set, costume, effects-clotted method of the Brits always surprises me. 1995 May 63/2 ‘Absence’ is a heads-down dirge of alienation, while ‘Capillary River’ is a nearly tuneless miasma of effects-laden guitar humidity. 2001 27 Dec. 25/1 The big noisy, effects-heavy blockbusters this year comprised a turgid roster of second rate dross. 2005 Nov. 41 This approach allowed for efficient previsualization of the effects-dependent concept. C2. 1951 18 Nov. 3/2 Until data obtained in the forthcoming ‘effects tests’ are studied and evaluated,..mere oratorical arguments for or against use of atomic weapons in Korea will have little weight. 1952 61 725 Cf. the broader intrastate reach of the Sherman Act, Mandeville Island Farms v. American Crystal Sugar Co., 334 U.S. 219, 234 (1948) (‘effects’ test). 1963 72 1058 The Supreme Court determined that there was systematic exclusion of Negroes from jury service through the use of a de facto ‘effects’ test. 1993 19 June 13/2 American underground nuclear explosions fall into two categories: weapons development tests..and ‘effects tests’ to discover how well other weapons systems withstand the radiation and heat of a nuclear blast. 1995 H. L. Perry in H. L. Perry & W. Parent ii. 24 The effects test standard simply requires a statistical demonstration of a pattern of racial discrimination. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). effectv. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably a borrowing from Latin. Probably partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: Latin effect- , efficere ; effect n. Etymology: Probably partly < classical Latin effect-, past participial stem of efficere to manufacture, make, to cause to occur, to bring it about that, to be the cause that, to carry out, accomplish, fulfil ( < ex- ex- prefix1 + facere to do, make: see fact n.), and partly < effect n. Compare effectuate v. 1. a. To bring about (an event, a result); to accomplish (an intention, a desire). The statement of N.E.D. (1891) that ‘The existence of obstacles or difficulties is, in modern use, ordinarily implied in this sense of the vb.’ does not seem to be borne out by more recent evidence.the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > achieve or effect 1581 R. Mulcaster xli. 256 I do finde myselfe so armed in the point, as if there were any hope in the thing to be effected, I could answeare any obiection of difficultie. 1589 W. Warner (new ed.) vi. xxxi. 137 And nothing els I did affect but to effect my sute. 1595 W. Shakespeare ii. vi. 98 Ile crosse the seas..To effect this marriage. 1635 F. Quarles i. vi. 25 Let wit, and all her studied plots effect The best they can. 1676 R. Wiseman v. i. 348 In small and superficiall Wounds, Nature of her own accord is wont to effect the Cure. 1719 No. 90. 1 At first they only wish to be secure; That effected, they endeavour to grow Powerful. 1792 J. Almon (octavo ed.) III. xliv. 196 Peace..would never be effected. 1833 J. Lardner II. 227 (Cab. Cycl.) This reciprocating movement of the carriage is effected by a pinion fixed upon the end of a vertical spindle. 1837 B. Disraeli II. 108 Just effected his escape as the servant announced a visitor. 1850 R. Browning 5 Effecting thus, complete and whole, a purpose of the human soul. 1878 T. H. Huxley (ed. 2) 105 The most skilful chemists have hitherto failed to effect such decomposition. 1919 L. H. Morrison vii. 87 The withdrawal of the damaged liner is easily effected by the use of the draw-bolt. 1944 C. Headlam Diary 6 June in S. Ball (1999) xii. 407 It looks to me as if we must have succeeded in effecting a tactical surprise. 1984 F. Forsyth i. vii. 121 Only a police officer can effect an arrest. 2000 Apr. 45/1 After a wet exit, rescue can be effected quickly because of the ease and speed of emptying the pod. 1771 C. Macaulay V. 268 Whilst the last unexpected revolution was effecting, Lambert..found himself in a very desperate situation. 1789 G. Morris in J. Sparks (1832) II. 88 Four sentiments on the revolution effecting here. 1817 J. Mill II. v. i. 325 During the time in which this great revolution was effecting in the government of Bengal. 1826 B. Disraeli I. i. x. 64 Ought you not to congratulate yourself that a great change is being effected? 1864 W. H. Hurlbert xiii. 305 It was by no means so clear that, in the language of Mr. Lincoln, this change was effecting ‘for the moment’ only. the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring about a state or condition in, on, or to > in or to a person a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. i. 86 Sorrie am I that our good will effects Bianca's greefe. View more context for this quotation 1656 T. Stanley II. iv. 5 The concurrence of pleasures which effecteth beatitude, is very difficult. 1667 16 That he advised and effected the Sale of Dunkirk to the French King. 1761 G. G. Beekman Let. 7 Dec. in (1956) I. 395 The sale of our Wine which I have in some measure Effected. 1798 3 Nov. 3/4 He being desirous of insuring a sum of money on his own life, applied to the Society for Equitable Assurances for that purpose, and effected a Policy on his own life for 2000l. 1851 H. Mayhew I. 348/2 They always wait where they think there's the slightest chance of effecting a sale, until the door is slammed in their face. 1866 J. E. T. Rogers I. xxiii. 598 The earliest purchases are effected in immediate proximity to the mines. 1883 17 Oct. 5/4 Nominee life policies are often effected which are altogether invalid. 1897 B. Stoker xx. 280 The purchaser..effected the purchase himself paying the purchase money in notes ‘over the counter,’ if your Lordship will pardon us using so vulgar an expression. 1938 24 Nov. 2/2 (advt.) Any prudent householder or occupier of business premises should not hesitate to protect themselves by effecting a policy in the Jamaica Co-Operative Fire & General Insurance Co., Ltd. 1983 B. A. K. Rider iii. 161 Care must be taken that any such proposal is capable of being finalized or made the subject of an interim announcement before any occasion arises to effect a purchase of any such securities for sinking fund purposes. 1993 (Nexis) 2 Oct. 7 The requirement that a life assurance contract could be effected only if an insurable (financial) interest could be proven. the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct 1791 J. Smeaton §75 The Lighthouse happily effected by Mr. Rudyerd. 1882 R. L. Stevenson II. 217 An enormous window..had been effected in the wall. the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > be efficacious [verb (intransitive)] 1592 W. Warner (rev. ed.) vii. xxxiiii. 147 But that Cadwalladers Fore-doomes in Tuders should effect Was vnexpected. 1621 (ed. 3) 1330 The petard hauing effected as we haue said. 1656 T. Stanley II. v. 15 Elements, of which, Air and Fire have a faculty to move and effect. 1817 A. Constable Let. 16 Jan. in J. Constable (1962) 153 I..hope you will..endeavour to make all right with the Doctor, even tho' as by this time you know I dare say that your first letter did not effect. the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > carry into effect (a command, promise, plan, etc.) a1593 C. Marlowe (1604) sig. Cv Faustus, I sweare..To effect all promises betweene vs made. 1609 W. Shakespeare v. xi. 6 You heauens, effect your rage with speed. View more context for this quotation 1660 A. Marvell Let. 17 Nov. in (1971) II. 3 We shall be called upon shortly to effect our vote made the former sitting. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1385 v.1581 |
