effacev.

/ɛˈfeɪs/

Etymology: < French effacer (= Provençal esfassar), < Latin ex out + facies face.

a. To rub out, obliterate (writing, painted or sculptured figures, a mark or stain) from the surface of anything, so as to leave no distinct traces.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)]

dilghec897

scrape1303

washc1380

fade1398

razea1425

out-razec1425

racec1450

enrasea1492

stramp1535

wipe1535

facec1540

cancel1559

outblot1573

to wash out1580

to blur out1581

obliterate1607

efface1611

dislimna1616

excerebrate1621

demark1655

rufflea1680

erase1695

scrub1828

overscore1834

elide1846

trash1859

to wipe (off) the slate1921

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Effacer, to efface, deface, raze, blot, rub out, wipe away; to abolish.

1780 W. Cowper Progress of Error 279 So coin grows smooth..Till Cæsar's image is effaced at last.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. i. 2 The ignominious images, painted on the public buildings..were effaced.

b. In wider sense: To cause to disappear entirely, do away with (a visible feature or object).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > make invisible [verb (transitive)] > cause to vanish or disappear

formeltc893

consumea1398

vanishc1450

vapoura1475

obliterate1607

snuff1688

efface1843

melt1865

disappear1897

magic1906

1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. i. iv. 125 The close of a cycle, when the sun was to be effaced from the heavens, the human race, from the earth.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxiv. 192 Pools of water, which would be effaced again, soon after they were formed.

1870 F. R. Wilson Archit. Surv. Churches Lindisfarne 83 The entrance through the tower has been effaced.

c. Crystallography.

ΚΠ

1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 214 A right square prism..may result from..an octahedron with a square base, by the concurrence..of the modifictions a and e..when those modifications efface the primary planes.

2. To expunge, erase (words or sentences) from a written composition or document. Now only in figurative sentences.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] > writing, etc.

deface1340

razea1393

blot1530

to put out1530

delete1540

dispunct1570

obliterate1578

expunct1596

expunge1602

erase1605

dele1612

dispunge1622

retrench1645

liturate1656

excise1663

to scratch out1712

efface1737

extrapolate1831

1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace ii. i. 16 Fluent Shakspear scarce effac'd a line.

1805 N. Nicholls Let. in Corr. with Gray (1843) 40 The lines of Mason which were effaced and replaced by these.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 440 Perhaps the passions excited by the tyranny of James might make it impossible to efface the penal laws from the statute book.

3. figurative. To obliterate, wipe out (a memory, a mental impression); to ‘blot out’, pardon, obtain oblivion for (an offence); to abolish, destroy (distinctive characteristics, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > memory > faulty recollection > deliberate forgetting, condoning > [verb (transitive)] > consign to oblivion

defacec1386

to strike by1457

efface1490

unlearna1500

obliterate1548

delete1563

oblivionize1593

dismiss1594

bury1595

oblivion1659

obliviate1661

erase1695

to go into the discard1927

cancel1990

1490 Arte & Crafte to knowe well to Dye (Caxton) 21 That effacest..the synnes of theym that ben repentaunt.

a1626 F. Bacon in Webster Efface from his mind the theories and notions vulgarly received.

1712 A. Pope tr. Statius First Bk. Thebais in Misc. Poems 54 'Tis thine t'efface With Virtuous Acts thy Ancestors Disgrace.

1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) li. i In tender Mercy look on me, And all my Sins efface.

1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) viii. 456 An impression had been made upon the popular mind which it was hardly possible to efface.

1874 J. Morley On Compromise 149 If such a proposition is true, the world must efface its habit of admiration for the..heroes of the past.

a. figurative. To cast utterly into the shade, reduce to virtual nonentity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > put in the shade or put to shame

shamec1400

to put down1494

extinguish1551

stain1557

overshadow1581

cloud1582

defacea1592

shend1596

to lay up1601

to shine down1623

dazzle1643

umbrage1647

foila1687

efface1717

eclipse1718

shade?1748

put into the shade1796

to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819

to put to shame1854

to leave (a person) standing1864

to lay over1869

blanket1884

upstage1921

1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 18 Apr. (1965) I. 349 Her beauty effac'd every thing.

1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant II. ii. 30 Amy Gray was..quite effaced.

b. reflexive. [after French s'effacer] . To reduce oneself to insignificance; to abandon or forfeit one's claim to consideration.

ΚΠ

1891 N.E.D. at Efface Mod. As a politician he has completely effaced himself by this act of imprudence.

Draft additions 1993

5. Obstetrics. To distort (the cervix, umbilicus, etc.) to such an extent that it is unrecognizable or indistinguishable, usually through the distension of an adjacent organ in the course of labour. Chiefly in passive. Cf. effacement n. Additions b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of pregnancy or birth > cause pregnancy or birth disorder [verb (transitive)] > distort

efface1913

1913 J. B. De Lee Princ. & Pract. Obstetr. vi. 120 The cervix is ‘taken up’, it is ‘obliterated’, it is ‘shortened’, it is ‘effaced’. The latter term is the one preferred by the author.

1955 J. P. Greenhill De Lee's Obstetr. (ed. 11) x. 181/2 At the beginning of labor the cervix is considerably effaced and somewhat dilated in most women.

1972 E. C. Hughes Obstetr.-Gynecol. Terminol. vii. 378 During this phase, the cervix becomes effaced but dilates only slightly.

1981 S. Kitzinger Experience of Childbirth (ed. 4) ix. 217 The uterine muscles effacing and dilating the cervix.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	efface
释义	effacev. /ɛˈfeɪs/ Etymology: < French effacer (= Provençal esfassar), < Latin ex out + facies face. 1. a. To rub out, obliterate (writing, painted or sculptured figures, a mark or stain) from the surface of anything, so as to leave no distinct traces. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] dilghec897 scrape1303 washc1380 fade1398 razea1425 out-razec1425 racec1450 enrasea1492 stramp1535 wipe1535 facec1540 cancel1559 outblot1573 to wash out1580 to blur out1581 obliterate1607 efface1611 dislimna1616 excerebrate1621 demark1655 rufflea1680 erase1695 scrub1828 overscore1834 elide1846 trash1859 to wipe (off) the slate1921 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Effacer, to efface, deface, raze, blot, rub out, wipe away; to abolish. 1780 W. Cowper Progress of Error 279 So coin grows smooth..Till Cæsar's image is effaced at last. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. i. 2 The ignominious images, painted on the public buildings..were effaced. b. In wider sense: To cause to disappear entirely, do away with (a visible feature or object). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > make invisible [verb (transitive)] > cause to vanish or disappear formeltc893 consumea1398 vanishc1450 vapoura1475 obliterate1607 snuff1688 efface1843 melt1865 disappear1897 magic1906 1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. i. iv. 125 The close of a cycle, when the sun was to be effaced from the heavens, the human race, from the earth. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxiv. 192 Pools of water, which would be effaced again, soon after they were formed. 1870 F. R. Wilson Archit. Surv. Churches Lindisfarne 83 The entrance through the tower has been effaced. c. Crystallography. ΚΠ 1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 214 A right square prism..may result from..an octahedron with a square base, by the concurrence..of the modifictions a and e..when those modifications efface the primary planes. 2. To expunge, erase (words or sentences) from a written composition or document. Now only in figurative sentences. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] > writing, etc. deface1340 razea1393 blot1530 to put out1530 delete1540 dispunct1570 obliterate1578 expunct1596 expunge1602 erase1605 dele1612 dispunge1622 retrench1645 liturate1656 excise1663 to scratch out1712 efface1737 extrapolate1831 1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace ii. i. 16 Fluent Shakspear scarce effac'd a line. 1805 N. Nicholls Let. in Corr. with Gray (1843) 40 The lines of Mason which were effaced and replaced by these. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 440 Perhaps the passions excited by the tyranny of James might make it impossible to efface the penal laws from the statute book. 3. figurative. To obliterate, wipe out (a memory, a mental impression); to ‘blot out’, pardon, obtain oblivion for (an offence); to abolish, destroy (distinctive characteristics, etc.). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > faulty recollection > deliberate forgetting, condoning > [verb (transitive)] > consign to oblivion defacec1386 to strike by1457 efface1490 unlearna1500 obliterate1548 delete1563 oblivionize1593 dismiss1594 bury1595 oblivion1659 obliviate1661 erase1695 to go into the discard1927 cancel1990 1490 Arte & Crafte to knowe well to Dye (Caxton) 21 That effacest..the synnes of theym that ben repentaunt. a1626 F. Bacon in Webster Efface from his mind the theories and notions vulgarly received. 1712 A. Pope tr. Statius First Bk. Thebais in Misc. Poems 54 'Tis thine t'efface With Virtuous Acts thy Ancestors Disgrace. 1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) li. i In tender Mercy look on me, And all my Sins efface. 1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) viii. 456 An impression had been made upon the popular mind which it was hardly possible to efface. 1874 J. Morley On Compromise 149 If such a proposition is true, the world must efface its habit of admiration for the..heroes of the past. 4. a. figurative. To cast utterly into the shade, reduce to virtual nonentity. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > put in the shade or put to shame shamec1400 to put down1494 extinguish1551 stain1557 overshadow1581 cloud1582 defacea1592 shend1596 to lay up1601 to shine down1623 dazzle1643 umbrage1647 foila1687 efface1717 eclipse1718 shade?1748 put into the shade1796 to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819 to put to shame1854 to leave (a person) standing1864 to lay over1869 blanket1884 upstage1921 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 18 Apr. (1965) I. 349 Her beauty effac'd every thing. 1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant II. ii. 30 Amy Gray was..quite effaced. b. reflexive. [after French s'effacer] . To reduce oneself to insignificance; to abandon or forfeit one's claim to consideration. ΚΠ 1891 N.E.D. at Efface Mod. As a politician he has completely effaced himself by this act of imprudence. Draft additions 1993 5. Obstetrics. To distort (the cervix, umbilicus, etc.) to such an extent that it is unrecognizable or indistinguishable, usually through the distension of an adjacent organ in the course of labour. Chiefly in passive. Cf. effacement n. Additions b. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of pregnancy or birth > cause pregnancy or birth disorder [verb (transitive)] > distort efface1913 1913 J. B. De Lee Princ. & Pract. Obstetr. vi. 120 The cervix is ‘taken up’, it is ‘obliterated’, it is ‘shortened’, it is ‘effaced’. The latter term is the one preferred by the author. 1955 J. P. Greenhill De Lee's Obstetr. (ed. 11) x. 181/2 At the beginning of labor the cervix is considerably effaced and somewhat dilated in most women. 1972 E. C. Hughes Obstetr.-Gynecol. Terminol. vii. 378 During this phase, the cervix becomes effaced but dilates only slightly. 1981 S. Kitzinger Experience of Childbirth (ed. 4) ix. 217 The uterine muscles effacing and dilating the cervix. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < v.1490
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