eastingn.

Brit.

/ˈiːstɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈistɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: east adv., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < east adv. + -ing suffix¹. Compare westing n., southing n., northing n.²

1. Chiefly Nautical. Progress or deviation towards the east; the amount of this. Frequently in to make (a specified amount of) easting. Cf. to run down 11 at run v. Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [noun] > to specific compass point

eastinga1605

westinga1605

northing1697

southing1697

south about1858

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > [noun] > course > course made good in specific direction

eastinga1605

northing1697

southing1697

westing1726

a1605 J. Davis in S. Purchas Pilgrimes (1625) I. iv. vi. 445 In these parts, betweene the Tropickes I meane, it [sc. the variation] keepeth no method in Easting or Westing, as it doth without them.

1685 B. Ringrose Bucaniers Amer. iv. xxiv. 200 My whole Easting I reckoned to be now, six hundred seventy seven leagues and one third of a league.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. iv. 167 Without haling in for the main to secure our easting.

1782 C. Blagden in Philos. Trans. 1781 (Royal Soc.) 71 339 We..made some easting to keep clear of the dangerous shoals.

1802 J. Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Theory 230 To compute from the observed bearings the amount of all the..easting or westing.

1860 L. Bilton in Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 289 I ran down my easting in 38° S.

1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. 539 In Maine the courses [of the rock-groovings] have an unusual amount of easting.

1934 A. H. R. Goldie Abercromby's Weather (rev. ed.) viii. 134 We should have to make 240 miles of southing and 135° of easting to follow the isotherm of 60°.

1973 P. O'Brian H.M.S. Surprise vi. 136 In the meantime the Surprise must run down far to the south of Africa..make her easting, and so northwards.

2002 S. Apollonio Last of Cape Horners iii. 56 The gales and hurricane winds of the roaring forties, the high latitudes where the ships made their easting or westing around the world.

2. Cartography and Surveying. A distance east of a meridian or (on a map) east of a reference point or origin of coordinates; a number representing this, now often used as the first coordinate of a grid reference (cf. northing n.² 1). Cf. also westing n. 2, southing n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > distances measured between points or lines

easting1652

northing1652

southing1652

westing1652

offset1725

vertical interval1885

horizontal equivalent1889

tangent distance1983

1652 H. Phillippes Geom. Sea-man 88 By this means without any trouble you shal plainly see the Easting and Westing, the Northing and Southing of your course.

a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 91 But for easting and westing, great diligence is required not to fall into error.

1682 P. Perkins & E. Perkins Seaman's Tutor sig. E7^v (heading) The Use of this Table for reducing Miles of Easting or Westing into Degrees and Minutes of Longitude.

a1761 R. Gibson Treat. Pract. Surv. (1767) v. 221 If the Sum of the Northings be equal to that of the Southings, and the sum of the Eastings be equal to that of the Westings, the Field-Work is truly taken, otherwise not.

1820 J. Gummere Treat. Surv. (ed. 3) 113 Add up the northings and southings, and if the sums are not equal, find their difference... Proceed in the same manner with the eastings and westings.

1886 H. A. Reed Topogr. Drawing & Sketching 22 The total length and breadth of the map can be readily determined from the record by calculation: e.g., the sum of the Eastings and Westings is the horizontal.

1902 J. Whitelaw Surveying ii. 93 The most accurate method of plotting is..to calculate the latitudes and departures, or northings, southings, eastings, westings, as they are also called, of each of the lines.

1949 T. W. Birch Maps xv. 112 The point..is 538,932 metres east of the point of origin, and 177,061 metres north of the point of origin... As Eastings are always written before Northings, the reference may be written 538932 177061.

1980 W. A. Seymour Hist. Ordnance Surv. xxvii. 269 The false origin, adopted to ensure that all grid eastings are positive and that grid northings..do not exceed one million metres, is 400 km west and 100 km north of the true origin.

2003 P. Devereux Spirit Roads (2007) 214 The tenths from the Easting and Northing lines can be estimated by eye, or found by use of a romer.

†3. Of a celestial object: arrival at the eastern half of the great circle that passes through the celestial poles and the east and west points of the horizon (a circle that is at right angles to the meridian circle). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [noun] > reach eastern limit

easting1674

1674 J. Wallis Let. 7 Apr. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1975) X. 565 A way of discovering a Parallax by yt of Lyra, by observing..his g[r]eatest East or West Azimuth..by the Perpendicular edge of some high Tower or Steeple, (well settled,) or ye like; making marks on some steady place below, from whence I might see at several times its greatest Easting or Westing.

1745 Pennsylvania Gaz. 6 Dec. The Almanack may also have in it to use the Northings, Eastings and Westings (or Levellings) and Southings of Stars round the Pole, to measure Time, and often serve in Southings.

1883 R. A. Proctor Great Pyramid iii. 139 The easting, southing, westing, and northing of heavenly bodies.

4. Nautical. The fact of a wind blowing from the east, or shifting in this direction; the extent to which a wind contains an easterly component.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > East > [noun] > movement

easting1806

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > direction from which wind blows > fact of blowing from specific direction

easting1806

westing1834

1806 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 265 If the wind is light and variable, it [sc. a rise in the barometer] may foretel [sic] its increase to a steady breeze, especially if there is any easting in it.

1855 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea vii. §344 That diurnal rotation does impart easting to these winds there is no doubt.

1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Aug. 11/1 This very gregale..has there [i.e. at Malta] decided easting in it, and may well have blown St. Paul from Crete thither.

1920 Austral. Pilot II. i. 38 As a general rule the barometer stands..high with easting in the wind, and highest with southeast gales.

2004 B. Pester Through Land of Fire vi. 126 With any easting in the wind an alongside berth becomes untenable.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	easting
释义	eastingn. Brit. /ˈiːstɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈistɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: east adv., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < east adv. + -ing suffix¹. Compare westing n., southing n., northing n.² 1. Chiefly Nautical. Progress or deviation towards the east; the amount of this. Frequently in to make (a specified amount of) easting. Cf. to run down 11 at run v. Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [noun] > to specific compass point eastinga1605 westinga1605 northing1697 southing1697 south about1858 society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > [noun] > course > course made good in specific direction eastinga1605 northing1697 southing1697 westing1726 a1605 J. Davis in S. Purchas Pilgrimes (1625) I. iv. vi. 445 In these parts, betweene the Tropickes I meane, it [sc. the variation] keepeth no method in Easting or Westing, as it doth without them. 1685 B. Ringrose Bucaniers Amer. iv. xxiv. 200 My whole Easting I reckoned to be now, six hundred seventy seven leagues and one third of a league. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. iv. 167 Without haling in for the main to secure our easting. 1782 C. Blagden in Philos. Trans. 1781 (Royal Soc.) 71 339 We..made some easting to keep clear of the dangerous shoals. 1802 J. Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Theory 230 To compute from the observed bearings the amount of all the..easting or westing. 1860 L. Bilton in Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 289 I ran down my easting in 38° S. 1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. 539 In Maine the courses [of the rock-groovings] have an unusual amount of easting. 1934 A. H. R. Goldie Abercromby's Weather (rev. ed.) viii. 134 We should have to make 240 miles of southing and 135° of easting to follow the isotherm of 60°. 1973 P. O'Brian H.M.S. Surprise vi. 136 In the meantime the Surprise must run down far to the south of Africa..make her easting, and so northwards. 2002 S. Apollonio Last of Cape Horners iii. 56 The gales and hurricane winds of the roaring forties, the high latitudes where the ships made their easting or westing around the world. 2. Cartography and Surveying. A distance east of a meridian or (on a map) east of a reference point or origin of coordinates; a number representing this, now often used as the first coordinate of a grid reference (cf. northing n.² 1). Cf. also westing n. 2, southing n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > distances measured between points or lines easting1652 northing1652 southing1652 westing1652 offset1725 vertical interval1885 horizontal equivalent1889 tangent distance1983 1652 H. Phillippes Geom. Sea-man 88 By this means without any trouble you shal plainly see the Easting and Westing, the Northing and Southing of your course. a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 91 But for easting and westing, great diligence is required not to fall into error. 1682 P. Perkins & E. Perkins Seaman's Tutor sig. E7^v (heading) The Use of this Table for reducing Miles of Easting or Westing into Degrees and Minutes of Longitude. a1761 R. Gibson Treat. Pract. Surv. (1767) v. 221 If the Sum of the Northings be equal to that of the Southings, and the sum of the Eastings be equal to that of the Westings, the Field-Work is truly taken, otherwise not. 1820 J. Gummere Treat. Surv. (ed. 3) 113 Add up the northings and southings, and if the sums are not equal, find their difference... Proceed in the same manner with the eastings and westings. 1886 H. A. Reed Topogr. Drawing & Sketching 22 The total length and breadth of the map can be readily determined from the record by calculation: e.g., the sum of the Eastings and Westings is the horizontal. 1902 J. Whitelaw Surveying ii. 93 The most accurate method of plotting is..to calculate the latitudes and departures, or northings, southings, eastings, westings, as they are also called, of each of the lines. 1949 T. W. Birch Maps xv. 112 The point..is 538,932 metres east of the point of origin, and 177,061 metres north of the point of origin... As Eastings are always written before Northings, the reference may be written 538932 177061. 1980 W. A. Seymour Hist. Ordnance Surv. xxvii. 269 The false origin, adopted to ensure that all grid eastings are positive and that grid northings..do not exceed one million metres, is 400 km west and 100 km north of the true origin. 2003 P. Devereux Spirit Roads (2007) 214 The tenths from the Easting and Northing lines can be estimated by eye, or found by use of a romer. †3. Of a celestial object: arrival at the eastern half of the great circle that passes through the celestial poles and the east and west points of the horizon (a circle that is at right angles to the meridian circle). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [noun] > reach eastern limit easting1674 1674 J. Wallis Let. 7 Apr. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1975) X. 565 A way of discovering a Parallax by yt of Lyra, by observing..his g[r]eatest East or West Azimuth..by the Perpendicular edge of some high Tower or Steeple, (well settled,) or ye like; making marks on some steady place below, from whence I might see at several times its greatest Easting or Westing. 1745 Pennsylvania Gaz. 6 Dec. The Almanack may also have in it to use the Northings, Eastings and Westings (or Levellings) and Southings of Stars round the Pole, to measure Time, and often serve in Southings. 1883 R. A. Proctor Great Pyramid iii. 139 The easting, southing, westing, and northing of heavenly bodies. 4. Nautical. The fact of a wind blowing from the east, or shifting in this direction; the extent to which a wind contains an easterly component. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > East > [noun] > movement easting1806 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > direction from which wind blows > fact of blowing from specific direction easting1806 westing1834 1806 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 265 If the wind is light and variable, it [sc. a rise in the barometer] may foretel [sic] its increase to a steady breeze, especially if there is any easting in it. 1855 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea vii. §344 That diurnal rotation does impart easting to these winds there is no doubt. 1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Aug. 11/1 This very gregale..has there [i.e. at Malta] decided easting in it, and may well have blown St. Paul from Crete thither. 1920 Austral. Pilot II. i. 38 As a general rule the barometer stands..high with easting in the wind, and highest with southeast gales. 2004 B. Pester Through Land of Fire vi. 126 With any easting in the wind an alongside berth becomes untenable. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1605
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