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easternadj.n. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon ōstroni eastern, coming from the east, Old High German ōstrōni (noun) the east wind (also in ōstrōniwind , ōstrōnowind ), Old Icelandic austrœnn eastern, blowing from the east, coming from the east < the Germanic base of east adv. + the Germanic base of -ern suffix. Compare northern adj., southern adj., western adj.With the β. forms perhaps compare Old Icelandic austrœnn . Compare also discussion at northern adj., n., and adv., and also north-eastern adj., south-eastern adj. A. adj.the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > from specific point of compass OE 315 Þær hæbbað heo on æfyn ungemet lange, ealra feonda gehwilc, fyr edneowe, þonne cymð on uhtan easterne wind, forst fyrnum cald. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. xi. iii. 573 A wynde þat hatte Subsolanus, þe esterne wynde. c1450 ( H. Daniel Liber Uricrisiarum (Gloucester Cathedral 19) No. 1 f. 12v, in at Western(e Eurus, Anglice the Estern wynd; Zephirus, the Westerne wynd. a1500 (Rawl.) (1896) 29 (MED) Nethyr estryn wynd, ne none othyr. 1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid ii. f. 3v Cutting through the clowds..they ouerflew the Easterne wynde apace. 1600 W. Shakespeare iii. ii. 143 Fand with the Easterne winde. View more context for this quotation 1686 (Royal Soc.) 15 1148 There are continual Eastern winds under the line which they call Brises. 1744 J. Armstrong iii. 63 Serene he bears the peevish eastern blast. 1762 W. Falconer i. 8 Four days becalm'd in Crete, they now remain; Nor any hope of eastern gales obtain. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Audley Court in (new ed.) II. 44 She was sharper than an eastern wind. 1877 12 May 216/2 Two bitter things,—nigh on a par—are Eastern Wind and Eastern War. 1908 A. M. Machar ii. 27 The fort and harbour were protected by the long point opposite from the eastern winds. 1969 12 Dec. 10/1 The weather in Vienna was fair with a moderate eastern wind. 2000 16 99 Northern and eastern winds from the ocean to the shore enhance the fragmentation. 2. Chiefly with capital initial. Of a person or group of people. OE Ælfric (Royal) (1997) xxxii. 456 Soðlice iohannes heafod wearð syððan geswutelod twam easternum munecum [lOE Vesp. D.xiv twam easterne munecan] þe mid gebedum þa burh geneosodon. OE (1966) 155 Eoi magi, easterne tungelwitegan. 1565 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ (new ed.) iii. sig. Fi Nor yet the Easterne Indian thoe, nor Scith the like doth see. 1572 J. Bridges tr. R. Gwalther i. 60 Theodoricus king of the Easterne Gothes, hauing indignation, tooke hir [sc. Rome] likewise. 1644 D. Featley 42 I am sure Bede affirmeth that the Eastern Angli or English were first gained to Christ by Fœlix. 1665 T. Herbert (new ed.) 149 Eastern People..such..as wear Turbants, Mandills, Dustarrs, and Puggarees. 1724 J. Swift 18 I have read..of an Eastern King who put a Judge to Death for an iniquitous Sentence, and ordered his Hide to be stuffed into a Cushion. 1728 E. Chambers Porphyrogenetes, in Antiquity, a Name given the Children of the Eastern Emperors. 1759 IV. 278 Here the present empire of the eastern Tatars, or Manchews..had its beginning. 1830 1 342 The Eastern poet is superior to the duller poetisers of more western countries. 1866 VIII. 383/2 The Eastern Slavs, the ancestors of the Russians. 1911 G. Macdonald x. 351 Eastern traders had found their way as far north as the Caledonian frontier in the wake of the Roman army. 1936 H. L. Mencken (ed. 4) v. v. 216 The high density of Eastern Jews in the population has made almost every New Yorker familiar with a long list of Yiddish words. 1968 L. Blanch i. iii. 47 I would long,..for a strange brass samovar of the type used in the encampments of the Eastern tribes. 2007 (Midwest ed.) 11 Mar. i. 2/1 The epic movie..about free men of the West willing to die at Thermopylae rather than kneel to an Eastern king. 1634 W. Wood ii. iii. 61 The Northerne, Easterne, and Westerne Indians fetch all their Coyne from these Southerne Mint-masters. 1707 10 Feb. 2/1 They came to a wigwam, wherein were two Indian Men of the Eastern Rebels. 1761 220 The Eastern Indians have broke and violated all treaties of peace and friendship made with them. 1842 S. Ward Let. 20 Dec. in S. Longfellow (1886) I. xxiii. 429 When the Eastern negrophilists are prepared to pay a tax, they will have a right to dispose of the property of their Southern brethren. 1855 31 Dec. 4/4 It has risen to its present position..by the liberal and unstinting patronage it has received from the full purses and free hands of Eastern men in Main street. 1885 Nov. 33/1 Mr. Tully..admitted willingly that he was an Eastern man—a Down East lumberman and boat builder. 1908 C. E. Mulford xiii. 153 At one time an Eastern woman had tried to live there, but..New York regained and kept its own. 1943 J. D. Hicks 334 Eastern farmers were unable to meet in full the needs of their new industrial centers for foodstuffs. 1967 D. L. Thomas xii. 261 The Eastern bankers epitomized in the minds of many Americans that traditional bugaboo, Financial Monopoly. 2008 28 Apr. 58/3 In parts of the Appalachians..rich Eastern ladies taught crafts, folk songs, and country dances to poor mountain children. 3. OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Maccabees (Julius) in W. W. Skeat (1900) II. 116 And Seleucus cynincg sende fela laca, on golde, and on seolfre, to þam Godes temple of Asian lande þæs easternan rices. lOE Bounds (Sawyer 378) in W. de G. Birch (1887) II. 295 Þanon andlang stræt on þonæ easternan æsphangran wæsteweardnæ. c1390 in C. Horstmann (1892) i. 137 Heil esterne ȝate faste I-stoke Seþþe god þi sone eode out þer-buye. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 11388 A prophet of estrinland, Hight balaam, crafti and bald. 1562 T. Sternhold et al. (lxxv. 6) 179 Neyther from the eastern part, nor from the westernside, Nor from forsaken wildernes, protection doth procede. 1563 W. Baldwin et al. (new ed.) f. cxii v The Manna dew, that in the easterne lands, Excellth the laboure of the bees small hands. 1590 C. Marlowe sig. F3 Egregious Viceroyes of these Eastern parts. 1597 W. Shakespeare iii. ii. 38 He [sc. the sun] fires the proud tops of the easterne pines. View more context for this quotation 1602 R. Carew i. f. 65v Some of the Easterne townes piddle that way. 1667 J. Milton iv. 542 The eastern Gate of Paradise. View more context for this quotation 1686 G. Mackenzie 119 The common fraughting of merchandise betwixt this countrey and the eastern countreys. 1705 J. Addison 252 The Eastern End of the Isle rises up in Precipices. 1795 J. Sinclair XIV. 4 The vestige of a cairn..is observable on the eastern, and highest summit of the hill. 1841 W. Spalding II. 18 The greatest names of the church continued to be found in the eastern quarter of the empire. 1860 J. Tyndall i. §11. 74 A pale light now overspread the eastern sky. 1922 G. P. Dunbar 25 When the daylicht creepit latchie up the caul', grey eastern sky. 1960 Jan. 131/1 At dusk we entered the eastern drainage of the mighty Congo. 1999 Aug. 7/2 The Mall was to be widened into a grand processional road, with a double row of trees stretching down to a grand circular area at its eastern end. OE Hymns (Durh. B.iii.32) xxi. 4 in I. Milfull (1996) 155 Tu, lux eoi sideris, vultu sereno inlumina : o eala þu leoht easternes tungles andwlitan mid liþan onleoht. 1596 R. Johnson xi. 109 Auroraes bed, whose light..distained the Easterne skie. 1667 J. Dryden cii. 26 And burning ships, the Martyrs of the fight, With paler fires beheld the Eastern sky. 1792 R. Burns (1968) II. 664 The eastern star Tells bughtin-time is near, my jo. 1859 G. Meredith II. iv. 42 At the farthest bourne of mounted eastern cloud, the heralds of the sun lay rosy fingers. 1868 J. N. Lockyer §330 When a star is so situated that it is just visible on the eastern horizon. 1905 E. Channing I. i. 22 The lookout of the Pinta saw the gleam of a sandy beach beneath the rays of an eastern moon. 2005 S. Hunter & J. Bainbridge vii. 60 The Washington Monument would have predominated,..lit by a low morning eastern sun. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 257 (MED) Boemia is the firste prouince of esturne [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. ester] Germanye. 1614 J. Selden 249 That of Vaiuod or Uoiuod, vsd in other parts of the Eastern Europe, being, I think, a Slauonig, or Windish word. 1768 G. Baretti II. xxxi. 198 In winter they beguile their cold and long evenings with cards, and in most parts of eastern Italy with chess, backgammon, tric-trac, and other such games. 1828 J. Stark I. 38 The Mongolian variety inhabits eastern Asia, Finland, and Lapland in Europe, and includes the Esquimaux of North America. 1888 J. Bryce II. xlviii. 226 In parts of eastern England the chief cluster of houses in a parish is still often called ‘the town’. 1964 18 Jan. a3/3 A ‘psychological profile’ of the killer or killers responsible for 11 stranglings of women in eastern Massachusetts. 2000 T. Hall (2001) v. 121 Bihar is a state in eastern India notorious for its lawlessness, caste wars and dacoits. 4. Designating animals and plants. See also Compounds 2. lOE 9 Amigdalus, easterne nutebeam. 1747 R. James 213/3 Ligustrum orientale... Eastern Privet. This is the Kenna of the Turks and Moors. 1754 P. Miller (ed. 4) III. Rapunculus... Rapunculus Orientalis angustifolius multicaulis totus floridus... Eastern narrow-leav'd Rampion, with many Stalks, filled with Flowers. 1794 I. Leatham 61 Fine old trees, planted by his father and grand-father, who introduced the beautiful eastern plane into the county. 1876 4 339 Charadrius fulvus, Gmel. The Eastern Golden Plover was common enough all along the sea shore. 1906 W. R. Ogilvie-Grant in III. 117 Demiegretta sacra... The Eastern Reef-Heron has the iris whitish. 1923 11 Jan. 24/3 I confess to having frequently mistaken the ‘eastern water dragon’ (Physignathus lesueurii) for the varanus. 1956 E. Mitchell 202 This was the one time of the year when all the whistlers were in the garden—thrushes, tree-creepers, rufous whistlers and eastern spinebills. 1989 L. Cronin 176 Eucryphia moorei Eastern Leatherwood. Pinkwood. A small to medium-sized tree, 5–30 m high. 2000 29 Apr. 41/1 Eastern quolls were common even in the Sydney region. 1785 G. Washington Let. 23 May in (1994) Confederation Ser. III. 15 The Man..says he saw a good deal..of the Eastern white Pine. 1809 Feb. 283/2 Strip'd and starred banners, on yon height Of eastern cedars, o'er the creek of pines [etc.]. 1877 (ed. 2) No. 1. 42 When fully grown it is about the size of the Eastern tent-caterpillar (C. americana). 1898 15 178 The name of the eastern Kingbird is considered to date from Linnæus's Xth Edition. 1916 (ed. 2) XVI. 388/1 Two American species are known, the Eastern mud minnow (Umbra pygmæa) and the Western dogfish (Umbra limi). 1952 33 365 Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus (F. Cuvier). Eastern pipistrelle.—Only two specimens were taken. 1971 J. Stidworthy 67 The Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) is merely one species of the most common snake genus of North America. 2002 G. M. Eberhart I. 158/1 A number of other animals can make a noise like a puma's scream, among them..bobcat, Gray fox.., and Eastern screech-owl (Otus asio). 5. the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > East > [adjective] a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xiv. v. 698 Caucasus, for whitnesse is clepid candor in þat eestreen [1582 Easterne] language. 1637 W. Laud Let. 5 May in (1700) 130 The procuring of a sufficient Composer, and Corrector for the Eastern Languages. 1659 O. Walker 71 Eastern-tongues use..reduplication onely for the more..gravity, without varying at all the conceit. 1690 J. Child iv. 96 The Danes, Sweeds, Holsteners, and all Easterlings, who..Import..Eastern Commodities. 1701 Acct. Life in T. Stanley (ed. 3) sig. c2v The Eastern Learning was not taught in Schools to a promiscous Audience. 1738 W. Warburton I. 430 Greek Philosophy, imbrowned with the Fanaticism of Eastern Cant. 1819 H. B. Henderson iv. 52 The Hookah's monstrous snake..: That type of eastern Luxury's excess. 1872 J. Morley ii. 77 The simple political conception of an eastern tale, a good-tempered despot with a sage vizier. 1928 Oct. 254/2 Eastern philosophy, to the normal Western mind, must ever seem windy and unconvincing. 1970 22 Aug. 7/4 The characteristic country ‘drone’ notes vibrating steadily in the bass strings like Eastern music. 2002 2 Aug. 5/3 Today's young Asians..live busy westernised lifestyles, yet they still want an element of eastern culture. 1602 R. Carew i. f. 6v The third [type of stone] taken out of inland Quarries, and not much differing from the Easterne free stone. 1785 W. Marshall 99 Hop Hornbeam is of taller growth than the Eastern kind. 1838 7 277 The eastern dialect is remarkable for this species of cockneyism which, as far as I know, has no parallel in any of the grammatical Prákrits. 1883 17 339 The sunk panel on the edge of the St Vigeans Stone, which in all other respects well illustrates the Eastern type. 1900 16 437 A division can be made into a western and an eastern group of handicrafts, the dividing-line being somewhere about Freshwater bay. 1953 H. S. Zim & H. M. Smith vi. 143 The Western Newt is about twice the size of the eastern species and differs in appearance too. 2003 S. Raichlen 362/3 If Lexington serves definitive western North Carolina barbecue, Goldsboro dishes up classic eastern-style fare. 1697 T. Maule 28 New Complaints are made to this Court, of such Persons abounding, especially in the Eastern parts, endeavouring to draw away others to that wicked Opinion. 1705 28 May 2/2 His Excellency has ordered the Province-Gally and another Vessel to Range the Eastern Coast. 1776 24 Dec. 6 1039 That the delegates of the eastern states confer together, and also those of the southern states. 1831 J. M. Peck 250 Notice of their plans..was inserted in an Eastern periodical. 1887 L. Beard & A. B. Beard xiii. 152 The streets present a gay and fête-like appearance seldom seen in our eastern towns. 1927 A. C. Parker i. xiv. 62 The eastern forest region of the Iroquois. 1975 29 Nov. 21 It is the busiest shopping and traffic day of the year in the Bicentennial City as..the Eastern college football season nears conclusion. 2009 9 Feb. 38/3 This is Updike country: intelligent and Eastern, mostly Protestant, more or less moneyed. 1946Eastern bloc [see Eastern bloc n. at Compounds 1]. 1956 26 Mar. 8/2 A meeting was held recently..to discuss the formation of an ‘eastern nuclear research institute’. It's expected that Russia, Red China, Outer Mongolia and Russia's European satellites will be members. 1964 2 131 Both the western and the eastern powers are showing active interest in influencing the affairs of the country. 1982 68 709 It will remain the definitive study of Papal Ostpolitik... The Vatican's Eastern policies are, according to Stehle, based upon the Church's overriding goal to save souls. 2006 J. Cowan iii. 26 Eastern spies would have loved the place. It was where our spooks studied satellite imagery of the Communist world. 6. Chiefly with capital initial. society > faith > sect > Christianity > Greek Orthodoxy > [adjective] 1572 A. Golding tr. H. Bullinger f. 30 Victor the Byshop of the Romane Church..excommunicated the Easterne people that kept the Easter day vpon the xiiii. day of the moneth. 1581 T. Lupton 205 Belike the Pope thinkes that God hathe appointed the Easterne Priestes to liue in whoredome, and the Westerne Priests to liue in marriage. a1631 J. Donne (1649) xxi. 185 It is true, that most of the Eastern Fathers, and it is true, that S. Augustine himselfe was of that opinion. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor II. iii. iv. 342 The practice is to this day, that the Greek and all the Eastern Priests; are if they please, married men, and most of them actually are so. 1733 A. Pope ii. 27 As Eastern Priests in giddy Circles run, And turn their heads to imitate the sun. 1754 A. Bower III. 69 The great point was, whether the Bishop of Rome, and the other Western Bishops, should prevail, or the Bishop of Constantinople, with the three other Eastern Patriarchs. 1836 D. F. Bacon 325 The work seems to have received much injury among most of the eastern Fathers, and was generally rejected by both the Syrian and Greek churches. 1854 H. H. Milman I. iii. vi. 409 Labour was part of the rule of all the eastern monks. 1910 R. Woolley iii. 117 Thus the Roman rite [is]..a form much older and more primitive than any Eastern liturgy that has been used later than the fourth century. 1913 A. Fortescue p. v This book forms a continuation..of The Orthodox Eastern Church, by the same author. Its object is to describe the lesser separated Eastern Churches in the same way as that described the greatest. ‘Greatest’ and ‘lesser’, by the way, are only meant to qualify their size. 1935 D. Attwater iii. 30 Catholics of Eastern rites tend to become de-orientalized, neglecting the study of the Eastern Fathers and the early Councils. 2006 14 July 19/1 In 447, the Synod of Toledo had added the filioque to the Creed. The formula had been adopted in Rome in AD 1000, but had later been challenged as heresy by an Eastern Patriarch in 1054. the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Greece > [noun] > easterly Roman Empire society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > aggregate of sovereign states under one rule > the Roman Empire > part of 1577 M. Hanmer Chronogr. 50 in Martianus a Thracian succeeded Theodosius iunior in the eastern Empire. 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Socrates Scholasticus ii. xviii, in 267 The councell of Sardice decreed that Athanasius and Paulus should be restored to their bishoprikes, and Constantius the Easterne Emperour woulde not admit them. 1634 S. Birckbek xii. 38 In the life and reigne of Isaac Angelus one of the Easterne Emperours. 1680 H. More 87 About that time they [sc. the Turks] might not vex only as the Saracens did, but put an end to the Eastern Roman Empire. 1718 M. Shelton v. 80 The Ruin of the Eastern Empire at length ensued. 1781 E. Gibbon III. xxxiii. 328 As the statues of the emperor Constantius had been rejected by the Eastern court, the title of Augusta could not decently be allowed to his widow. 1853 G. Finlay I. i. i. 33 The state maxims which separated the servants of the emperor from the people, survived in the Eastern provinces after the loss of the Western. 1908 H. S. Jones xi. 440 So long as the menace of the Huns was directed against the Eastern Empire alone, Aëtius was their friend. 1949 24 525 He [sc. Charlemagne] exercised a political and military pressure on the eastern emperor until that Byzantine prince recognized his imperial title in 812. 2005 100 282 When a second Rome arose (Constantinople), the granaries of Egypt were transferred to the control of the Eastern Empire. 7. 1577 R. Willes in R. Willes & R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Pref. sig. Biiiv In the syxt you haue a disputation touchyng the Leuant streame or easterne surge of the sea. 1642 H. More sig. L2v Its [sc. An arrow's] circular course hath bended Toward the East, and in proportion due That arcuall Eastern motion did pursue. 1679 E. Ecclestone 38 E're the bright Sun his Eastern course begun, And o're the World his purple mantle flung. 1713 J. Addison in 14 July 2/1 A Ship at Sea has no certain Method, in either her Eastern or Western Voyages,..to know her Longitude. 1798 ii. 68 It [sc. the Kassina] would seem also to be a larger river in the east, than in the west; a presumption in favour of an eastern course. 1819 Feb. 364 The other [stream], with an eastern course, is called the Gambarro. 1855 P. Cooke iii. 95 They then went as far East as Portsmouth. While they were on their eastern journey, Mary Dyer returned to Boston. 1911 E. Markham (Art ed.) XIII. xxii. 465 Their ship began its long eastern voyage, back to the Golden Gate. 1954 120 395 The alluvial region along the eastern course now followed by the Tigris. 2005 J. F. Mitchell in iii. 46 Explorers had reported that after passing that village, the Sanpo took an eastern course first. 1620 T. Venner 5 Here aduertisement must be giuen, that the Easterne windowes or casements, be not set open, before the Sunne hath somewhat purged the aire. 1771 T. Pennant 215 The eastern view is enlivened with ships perpetually appearing or vanishing amidst the numerous isles. 1780 E. Irwin 374 Some hundreds of yards from the spot we had left, is an angle of the antient walls of the city... This is the eastern face. 1848 Feb. 80 It lay upon the northern confines of Philip's territories, stretching along the eastern slope of Hermon and Anti-Lebanon. 1867 F. Moore X. 530 An eight-inch columbiad burst on the eastern face. 1919 34 244 The district has an eastern aspect and would look over the lower lands and plain towards Knockainy and the Ballyhoura Hills. 1977 Mar. 142 Enough morning sun pours through my eastern window to keep the room cozy most of the day. 2003 D. Parsons in R. Liddiard iii. 88 The eastern frontage of Cornmarket Street in the Anglo-Saxon period was more than seven metres behind the present line. the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [adjective] > other disorders of horses 1933 C. Ten Broeck & M. H. Merrill in 31 217 (title) A serological difference between Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis virus. 1938 22 Sept. 411/1 The purpose of the present communication is to announce the isolation, from a fatal human case of encephalitis, of a virus agent which appears to be identical with the Eastern variety of equine encephalomyelitis. 1954 3 294 The isolation of the eastern virus from chicken mites and chicken lice collected..probably indicates previous viremia in chickens. 1987 E. W. Burr xxxi. 224/1 Birds are natural reservoirs for arthropod-borne viral diseases such as western and eastern equine encephalomyelitis. 1999 11 Oct. 77/3 The tissue tested negative for the most plausible encephalitis viruses (eastern, western and Venezuelan equine encephalitis). B. n.the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of specific region > [noun] > eastern people > person OE Ælfric (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxx. 260 Se wer [sc. Job] wæs swiðe mære betwux eallum easternum. OE Ælfric (Cambr. Gg.3.28) (2009) vi. 86 Ealle ða Easternan & Egyptiscan þe selost cunnon on gerimcræfte tealdon þæt seo lenctenlice emniht is gewislice on duodecima kalendas aprilis. 1614 J. Selden Table sig. Iii4v Sunne and its Images, how worshipt by the Iews..by the Easterns Generall..and Persians. 1658 J. Durham xvi. 620 To call these Easterns, heathen Nations, or Turks to be made use of to destroy Antichrist, cannot be. 1718 tr. L. d'Arvieux 7 He was sitting Cross-legg'd, after the manner of the Easterns, upon a Turky Carpet. 1776 W. J. Mickle in tr. L. de Camoens x. 438 The history of ancient Rome made the same figure among the Easterns. 1852 4 230 Herat is called, after the imagerial way of the Easterns, the key of India. 1884 4 Oct. 360/2 These degenerate Easterns, who..rush at and devour French novels of the lowest type. 1907 W. S. Blunt Bride of Nile i, in (1914) II. 367 It does not pay with Easterns thus to give them rope; They only flout at you. society > faith > sect > Christianity > Greek Orthodoxy > [noun] > person OE Ælfric (Julius) (1881) I. 58 He [sc. St Basil] awrat eac munucregol, mid mycelre gehealdsumnysse, þone þe ða easternan, and eac swylce Grecas anmodlice healdað, þeah þe he hefegra sy, þonne se ðe Benedictus siþþan us gebysnode. 1640 W. Vaughan 259 But as with Cunning Plots the Dragon rac'd Our Westernes Faith, so then he there defac'd With Open Force the Easternes Primest Seat. 1682 R. Baxter sig. A2 By this Doctrine he condemneth, or unchurcheth, not only the Reformed Churches, the Greeks and other Easterns, but the Church of Rome it self. ?1780 W. Hurd 295/1 The Nestorians and the other easterns, are very remiss and regardless of the ancient discipline with respect to their admission of youth into holy orders. 1865 E. B. Pusey 60 S. Meletius remained in the communion of the Easterns. 1869 H. Vaughan i. xii. 113 The Easterns deliberated among themselves without the presence of any Latin bishops. 1923 A. Fortescue Introd. 29 The Uniates are on our [sc. the Roman Catholics'] side, although they themselves are Easterns. They honour us, and are in communion with us . 1934 P. Hughes I. ii. 79 One school accepted as true the old legend of Easterns coming to Rome to steal the relics of the Apostles. 2005 J. F. Woolverton vi. 213 The Easterns were considered by American Evangelicals as fair game for conversion. Compounds C1. the world > the earth > named regions of earth > groups of countries > [noun] > communist or Soviet bloc society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy > an alliance > specific alliances 1922 2 Apr. ii. 6/5 The Eastern bloc—or at least its leader, Dr. Benesh—may serve a useful purpose as mediator between England and France. 1926 20 Jan. 11 Nor could there have been any talk of an Eastern bloc. Yugoslavia..would not go beyond her natural sphere. 1946 4 Aug. iv. 5/2 The real firebrand of the eastern bloc is Vice Premier Edward Kardelj of Yugoslavia. 1950 J. Salwyn ix. 307 The division between the Eastern bloc and the democratic West was sharply emphasized by what Winston Churchill aptly called the ‘iron curtain’. 2005 (Nexis) 22 June 12 The Czech Republic..is also one of the most successful and resilient of the former Eastern bloc nations. the world > the earth > named regions of earth > groups of countries > [noun] > communist or Soviet bloc society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy > an alliance > specific alliances 1938 20 June 6/1 Many forces have been at work to create what has been called ‘an Eastern Block’. This would unite against all aggressors and attempt to maintain a balance in favour of peace in Eastern and Central Europe. 1947 24 Nov. 1/4 The type of treaty which has been signed between the Soviet Union and other nations of the eastern block. 2000 T. Brennan i. 12 In the erstwhile Eastern block, all those photos of all those queues signaled the end of an era. 1724 J. Kelly iii. ii. 291 This 24 Hours fresh Gailes of Wind and fair Weather, and a great Sea from the eastern Board. 1853 June 594/1 The ship in the eastern board, however, had so far altered her position by six, as to bear E.N.E. 1902 J. Conrad End of Tether iv, in 189 The masts and spars of a few ships far away..sprang straight from the water in a fine maze of rosy lines pencilled on the clear shadow of the eastern board. 1947 J. Marmur iv. 115 The billowy white pillars of horizon cloud were glowing on the eastern board. 1745 R. Pococke II. i. i. 11 There is generally a great number of eastern catholics to be maintained there gratis; such as the Maronites, and those Coptis, Greeks and Armenians, who acknowledge the pope. 1857 10 Aug. 7/2 The Holy See, notwithstanding its desire to find all the eastern Catholic Churches conform to the Gregorian calendar, has not, however, given any order. 1889 May 645/2 Their [sc. the Ruthenians] estrangement from the Poles is heightened by the fact that they adhere to the Eastern Catholic ritual, while the Poles follow that of Rome. 1922 17 382 Other religious faiths most largely represented are the Greek Orthodox, Roman and Eastern Catholics, and Jewish. 2010 P. Galadza in K. Parry xv. 297 Forty years after Vatican II freed Eastern Catholics to develop a distinctive theology, no Eastern Catholic author or work stands out as universally significant. 1856 2nd Rep. Postmaster Gen. 10 in XXXVII. 65 Thus, ‘Liverpool Street, Bishopsgate’, might be reduced to ‘Liverpool Street, E.C.’ (Eastern Central District). 1908 Oct. 501 The sixth column gives the approximate time of delivery in the Eastern Central (City) district of London. 1952 1 Feb. 287/2 The latter [pillar-box]..is reserved exclusively for the Eastern Central postal district of London. society > faith > sect > Christianity > Greek Orthodoxy > [noun] > person > collective 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin iii. xx. f. 229b Augustine testifieth..had a litle before sayed that this maner came from the Easterne Chirches. 1593 R. Hooker iv. xi. 194 His desire was that of the two the Easterne Church should rather yeeld. 1667 R. Allestree xvii. 380 I mean Victors unbrother-like Heat towards the Eastern Churches in the controversie about Easter. 1704 J. Inett I. xi. §14. 183 Succession so far justified this Proceeding, that this Council of Sardice was never receiv'd by the Eastern Churches. 1845 J. H. Newman 365 The Eastern Church seemed to consider the consecration of the elements..to lie in the invocatory prayer. 1959 17 Jan. 9/1 Iconographically they [sc. paintings] are of great interest in relation to the usages of the Eastern Church. 2003 H. Kallendorf i. 45 Abrenunciation followed a different form in the Eastern Church from that used in the West. 1921 24 July 14/1 The program starts at 11 o'clock (eastern daylight time) with the freshman and junior varsity races. 1998 9 July c3/4 The goal is for anti-drug spots to run about 9:15, Eastern daylight time. 1799 W. Tooke II. ii. iv. 36 The commerce of the hither-Asiatic and eastern-European nations with Serika. 1824 W. C. Woodbridge Contents p. xxvi/2 Eastern Europeans and Caucasians. 1896 Dec. 853/1 Our climate is subject to extremes... Is it also worse than that of the eastern-European plains from which, in all probability, my mellifluous-voiced Jew had just emigrated? 1919 H. M. Hyndman i. 15 Turks and goats together, say Eastern Europeans, will reduce the richest country to ruin. 1958 F. W. Neal i. 1 The Communist leadership which came to power in Yugoslavia in 1945 organized the country along the lines prescribed by the Soviet Union for an Eastern European ‘people's democracy’. 2009 27 Aug. 27/1 Benedetti went to study with two new teachers, both Eastern Europeans based in Vienna. 1892 Aug. 327 Turkey..yields on both sides, following Central European time on the Salonica railway and Eastern European time on the Constantinople line. 1955 1 Sept. 11/1 World War II began 16 years ago today shortly before 5:30 a.m. eastern European time. 2001 J. Harland (2002) xvi. 176 Tatyana had adjusted her watch forward one hour for Eastern European time. society > armed hostility > armed encounter > battlefield > [noun] > front or front line 1914 7 Aug. 4/1 The campaign on this eastern front will be extraordinarily important. 1943 (F.O. Research Dept.) 18 Oct. 125/1 By a law of the 22nd July, Laval..authorised French citizens to join those units of the Waffen S.S. fighting on the Eastern Front. 2005 M. E. Haskew iv. 74 Red Army snipers did real damage to the German Army on the Eastern Front in World War II. 1922 W. Tilden in 23 June 17/7 I strongly advocate the Eastern grip as opposed to the Californian or Western grip. 1951 B. Harman & K. Monroe v. 45 For the overhead slice serve, take hold of your racket handle in the eastern grip. 2005 20 June 13/7 His forehand,..hit flat with an old-fashioned eastern grip. 1624 J. Donne xiii. 312 We know that ther is more Sea in the Western, thẽ in the Eastern Hemisphere. 1731 J. Harris 51 All the Heavenly Objects are during one half their Continuance above the Horizon, in the Eastern Hemisphere. 1849 T. L. Nichols vi. 146 The aboriginal inhabitants of the American continent differ so widely from the inhabitants of the eastern hemisphere, that many ascribe to them a distinct origin. 1920 Dec. 758/1 As for the Eastern Hemisphere, that was no safer, for it was crowded with lions, elephants, tigers, leopards, and orang-outangs. 2005 M. Downing (2006) vi. 84 The date in the Eastern Hemisphere, to the left of this imaginary line [sc. the international date line], is one day ahead of the date in the Western Hemisphere. society > faith > sect > Christianity > Greek Orthodoxy > [adjective] 1701 tr. J. Le Clerc 230 The Eastern Orthodox Bishops, especially Meletius of Antioch, Basil of Cæsarea, and Peter of Alexandria, did openly favour him. 1863 Apr. 280 The children that may be born of this marriage shall be baptized and educated in the Eastern Orthodox religion. 1923 28 Sept. p. x/1 Such is a result of the decrees of the ‘Pan-Orthodox Congress’ of the various branches of the Eastern Orthodox Church at a meeting last spring. 2005 S. Hipps iv. 76 Much of Eastern Orthodox theology is wrapped around the use of images and icons as a part of worship. 1777 Dec. 414 So much for the present Eastern question—a question of more importance than is generally imagined. 1856 Mar. 533 It must not be imagined that the ‘Eastern Question’ is settled by the peace. 1942 C. Lloyd iv. 32 This, in fact, was the Eastern Question, the bugbear of nineteenth-century diplomatists. 2002 A. N. Wilson xiv. 187 One aspect of Marx's thinking on the Eastern Question..was his paranoid conviction that Lord Palmerston..was in fact a Russian spy. 1855 Oct. 369 There are, therefore, in these provinces three distinct rites of the Roman use: the Roman rite, with the Latin language; the Roman rite, with the Slavonic language; and the Eastern rite (Uniat), with the Slavonic. 1886 (rev. ed.) I. 773/2 There is..an exception made in favor of priests and deacons of the Eastern rites, who are allowed to retain their wives if married before ordination. 1895 27 Apr. 2/5 Chicago has a number of Eastern rite Catholics. 1946 5 5 The Red Army invasion of Poland brought out stories of..especially severe restrictions on the Catholics of the Eastern Rite, the Uniats, in Eastern Galicia. 1994 15 July 1/1 His permission for female servers does not..affect the Eastern-rite churches. 2004 F. Radecki & D. Radecki iii. 38 Iraqis and Kurdistanis who remained faithful to the Council of Ephesus and Catholic teaching belong to the Eastern Rite of the Church known as the Chaldean Catholic Church. 1818 S. P. Waldo xi. 159 The defence..had robbed British ‘naval demonstrations’ of their terrors, upon the eastern seaboard. 1861 July 199/1 There is a large quantity of wheat in the West ready to be forwarded to the Eastern seaboard for shipment to Europe. 1906 H. W. Smyth v. 100 From Portsoy westwards along the Banff and Moray coasts, and round the eastern seaboard of Ross-shire. 2002 June 65/2 Green crabs, which inhabit much of the Eastern Seaboard from Maine to the mouth of the Chesapeake. the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > specific states > Virginia > parts of 1612 W. Symonds Proc. Eng. Colonie Virginia v. 29 in J. Smith We crossed the bay to the Easterne shore & fell with the Iles called Smiths. 1691 Jrnl. 15 Jan. in H. R. McIlwaine (1925) I. 144 One to be appointed..doe the like on the seaboardside of the Eastern shore. 1785 G. Washington 31 Dec. (1925) II. 461 Landed 230 Bushels of Oats to day from an Eastern Shore vessel. 1854 W. G. Simms 179 In approaching the ‘Eastern Shore’ of Virginia..you find yourself gliding toward..scenes of repose, delicacy, and quiet beauty. 1948 H. L. Mencken Suppl. II. vii. iv. 128 On the Eastern Shore [of Maryland], south of the Choptank river, the dialect shows the influence of Tidewater Virginia... It is often difficult to say of a strange Eastern Shoreman..whether he comes from below the Choptank or above. 2006 Nov. 104/3 The beaten biscuit made its culinary debut on dining room tables throughout the Eastern Shore during the eighteenth century. the world > time > reckoning of time > [noun] > systems of reckoning time of day 1883 5 Oct. 5/1 At noon on Sunday next the railroads comprising the lines between Boston and Montreal..will begin to run trains on the Eastern standard time. 1915 15 197 On midnight, May 15, Eastern Standard time became the official time of Detroit. 1975 3 July 61/2 Eight rats of Sprague–Dawley descent were placed in a windowless vivarium with lights on from 0600 to 1800 (eastern standard time). 1992 (Nexis) 25 June 3 South Australian time is half an hour behind Eastern Standard Time. 2003 G. Blainey Pref. p. xiii It was in 1895 that all clocks in Victoria were permanently advanced by twenty minutes and six seconds in order to create the present Australian Eastern Standard Time. 2008 N. Shusterman xv. 179 You asked for an asteroid and here it is. Planetoid Mona, impact at 4:26 P.M., Eastern Standard Time. the world > time > reckoning of time > [noun] > systems of reckoning time of day 1878 13 Apr. 4/4 An intermediate time, thirty minutes slower than Eastern time. 1945 14 Sept. 7/1 Eastern time would throw Chicago out of tempo with the rest of the country. 1948 1 Nov. 15/7 The moon will begin to move in front of the sun at 6 39 hours Australian Eastern Time. 1998 (Nexis) 5 Mar. 22 The game, scheduled to begin at 11.40am eastern time to allow live television coverage in Melbourne and Adelaide. 2004 (National ed.) 1 July a22/1 Late last night, Eastern time, the spacecraft should have crossed the plane of Saturn's rings and inserted itself into orbit around that planet—the first craft to do so. 2005 J. Hurst i. 2 At 9 a.m. on 5 August 1914, Australian Eastern Time, Britain—guarantor of Belgium's neutrality—declared war on Germany. C2. In the names of animals and plants (sense A. 4). 1859 153 The eggs..are chiefly those of the eastern blue bird, (Sialia sialis), the robin, (Turdus migratorius), [etc.]. 1907 M. O. Wright xxii. 314 In spite of the fact that our eastern Bluebird is a home-body, loving his nesting-haunt and returning to it year after year, he is an adventurous traveller. 2002 Mar. 9/2 The Wildlife Division has published an eight-page fact sheet on the eastern bluebird. 1967 H. Cogger 98 The Western Brown Snake is similar in shape, size and habits to the Eastern Brown Snake, but is much more variable in colour. 2006 20 Aug. 34/1 The eastern brown snake is the second most venomous snake in the world. 1848 A. Gray 493 S. esculènta, Eastern Quamash. Wild Hyacinth. 1875 Aug. 306/1 The eastern Quamash, as we recollect it, is a somewhat showier plant than the western, though not quite so large. 1921 48 152 The best known Camas in the country is the Eastern Camas, another so-called Wild Hyacinth. It is common in rich ground, such as moist river banks. 2006 A. M. Armitage 96 Camassia scilloides (wild hyacinth, eastern camas) is not nearly as bold or handsome as the western forms. 1912 C. B. Cory 280 Eastern Cougar. Panther... Local names—Panther, Cougar, Mountain Lion, Painter. 1976 10 Sept. 7/2 The Eastern Cougar looks much like its western cousins—to the urban eye, at least. 1999 Sept. 18/1 Report author Fred Scott..cites DNA evidence to conclude that suggestions the eastern cougar did exist were ‘based on the highly questionable original taxonomy.’ 1921 (ed. 10) 17 The most conspicuous is a fine male specimen of the Eastern Gorilla. 1971 6 44 Traditionally the eastern gorillas have all been referred to a single species, the Mountain gorilla..but the present author has demonstrated that only the Virunga and Kahuzi gorillas are true Mountain Gorillas, and those of the other areas..belong to a separate subspecies, the Eastern lowland gorilla. 2007 (Nexis) 19 Sept. a3 The World Conservation Union last week declared the western gorilla, a species distinct from eastern gorillas, as critically endangered. 1967 J. A. W. Kirsche & W. E. Poole in 2 Sept. 1097/2 We refer to these groups [of grey kangaroo] as Eastern and Western.] 1968 R. F. Ewer 237 Sharman and his co-workers have recently produced evidence that the western and eastern grey kangaroos constitute two distinct species. 1994 2 Apr. 13/3 The eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) of 25 000 to 30 000 years ago were approximately twice as heavy as their modern descendants 25 000 to 30 000 years ago. 2009 (Nexis) 11 Sept. a3 Because Eastern Grey kangaroos were such an abundant species in the ACT region, there was no conservation value in hand rearing the animals. 1845 27 Aug. (advt.) A general assortment of leather, such as..eastern hemlock tan'd, Cincinnati and country oak tan'd sole and upper leather. 1870 22 Oct. 13/2 Eastern hemlock in fair request and desirable grades firm. 1930 Dec. 79/1 The West Coast hemlock, I find, is a harder wood than eastern hemlock. 2004 Winter 19/1 It's the needles that give away the identity of an eastern hemlock tree, Tsuga canadensis. 1868 1 496 Meadow Lark... Very different from the eastern Meadow Lark in its song. 1921 23 80 All the migration dates given below refer to the common Eastern Meadow-lark. 2004 2 Oct. 21/1 But four supposed species, including the eastern meadowlark.., each appears to be two. 1873 Aug. 361 (caption) Eastern panther. 1920 H. G. Evarts xii. 147 The deserts of the southwest, the range of the cougar; the swamp and hard-wood country of the eastern panther. 1976 23 Apr. 14/2 He believes cougars in south-central Ontario are the so-called eastern panther, felis concolor couguar, a smaller, redder face with a dark dorsal stripe. 2004 R. B. Busch 101 The highest number of eastern cougar..sightings in any American national park has come from Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 1931 N. W. Cayley 145 Eastern Rosella... Also called Rosella, Rosehill Parakeet, and Nonpareil Parrot. 1973 S. Breedon & K. Breedon 168 Scattered amongst the slim and elegant Red-rumped Parrots are pairs of a larger, more robust parrot, the Eastern Rosella. 2003 June 66/1 I bought myself a pair of eastern rosellas, a rubino hen and a normal cock. 1785Eastern white pine [see sense A. 4b]. 1856 1 103/2 The annual concentric circles are often as large and distinct as the Eastern white pine (P. Strobus). 1946 July 16/1 The eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) was considered the most useful of American pines for ship masts. 2001 Apr. 28/1 Eastern white pine..is a terrific wood. It's dimensionally stable, straight grained, and easy to work with. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  adj.n.OE |
