earthenadj.

Brit.

/ˈəːθn/,

/ˈəːðn/, U.S.

/ˈərθ(ə)n/

Forms:

α. Old English eorþen, early Middle English eorðene, Middle English erþen, Middle English erþene, Middle English erthene, Middle English erthin, Middle English erþyn, Middle English vrþen, Middle English–1500s erthen, Middle English–1500s erthyn, 1500s erdyn, 1500s (1800s English regional (Yorkshire)) yearthen, 1500s– earthen, 1600s yerthen.

β. late Middle English erthren, 1500s– earthern, 1600s earthren.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Low German ērden , Old High German irdīn (Middle High German irdīn , German irden ), Gothic airþeins < the Germanic base of earth n.¹ + the Germanic base of -en suffix⁴. In β. forms with epenthetic r in the second syllable probably by assimilation to the form of the first syllable (perhaps aided by the model of leathern adj. and perhaps also of northern adj. and southern adj.).

†1. Situated below the surface of the earth. Obsolete. rare.In quot. apparently a reinterpretation by the scribe of the corrupt form of the exemplar (MS Brussels 1650): eorþernum (with -num added by a contemporary corrector), perhaps originally a form of the Old English compound eorð-ærn underground chamber, grave, tomb, intended as a gloss to the whole phrase in cuniculo subterraneo; see further R. Derolez in Studia Germanica Gandensia 2 (1960) 86.

ΚΠ

α.

OE Aldhelm Glosses (Digby 146) in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 88/2 In cuniculo subterraneo : .i. in foramine grafe uel screafe eorþenum [OE Brussels 1650 eorþernum].

2. Made or composed of earth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [adjective] > composed of

earthen?c1225

loamyc1230

terrestrial1844

terraceous1863

α.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 284 A lefdi wes mid hire fan biset al abuten..inwið an eorðene castel.

a1350 Erthe upon Erthe (Harl. 2253) (1911) 1 (MED) Erþe leyde erþe in erþene þroh.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 27646 Þou man þat es in erth stad þat es noght bot an erthin gadd.

a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) 161/10 How þe erþen wal schal be imade.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 192 (MED) His body ful of choynus as a erthyn woch aȝeynys þe sonne.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 42^v We content our selues with our earthen floores, wel made and of good earth.

1634 J. Russell Two Famous Pitcht Battels Lypsich & Lutzen 65 But those that in the mud-wall'd Gardens lay, Farre more securely for a while did play, Under protection of those earthen Banks.

1650 A. Weldon Court & Char. King James 133 Surely never so many brave parts, and so base and abject a spirit tenanted together in any one earthen Cottage.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 311 The earthen Floors we have in use in several Parts of England..as hard as Stone.

1764 Char. in Ann. Reg. 5/2 Under the name of Ostrog, is understood every habitation consisting of one or more huts, all surrounded by an earthen wall or palisado.

1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. ii. ii. 243 A high earthen rampart..running off, from a British fort.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Yearthen, earthen.

1863 D. B. Duffield Poem in T. M. Cooley & D. B. Duffield On Ded. Law Lecture Hall Michigan Univ. 29 The land is full of graves..Where holy ashes in their earthen caves, Sleep proudly.

1871 F. T. Palgrave Lyrical Poems 16 Pacing the earthen floor with solemn feet.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 393/1 The remainder of the road space is formed as an earthen track.

1969 D. F. Costello Prairie World i. 5 The gaudy males strutted on their earthen stages to catch the fancy of somber females.

1977 O. Schell China (1978) iii. 206 The pigs live in old earthen caves..which have been hollowed out of a small mesa-like tuft of earth which sticks up off the ravine floor.

2005 Men's Health (U.K. ed.) June 101/2 Suddenly, I cannon off his right flank and land with a ‘thwap’ on the arena's hard, earthen floor.

β. 1665 G. Havers tr. P. della Valle Trav. E. India 232 They had in my time begun to raise an earthern wall.1760 Hist. Whole Realm Scotl. 33 There are two little earthern knols, builded, as may appear, by men.1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 196 These earthern boundaries (baulks) are wearing fast out.1815 E. T. W. Polehampton Gallery Nature & Art IV. xlvi. 481 A stone.., which he said had fallen through the top of his hut, and buried itself in the earthern floor.1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words The names at Elsdon, Wark, Haltwhistle, Harbottle, &c., of hills with earthern ramparts.a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xiii. 279 Tunnels in the earth continued by earthern arcades up the trees.2001 Archaeology July–Aug. 47/2 In Northern Ireland they [sc. ringforts] are often called raths if they are earthern only, or cashels if clad in stone.

3. Made of baked clay. Cf. earthenware n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > [adjective] > made of baked clay

earthenc1350

pig1583

figuline1657

testaceous1658

α.

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) ii. 9 (MED) Þou schalt breken hem as an erþen pott.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xix. 1 Go, and tac the erthene litil wyn vessel of the crockere.

1454–5 in Trans. Bristol & Gloucs. Archaeol. Soc. 1890–1 (1891) 15 158 An erthyn potte to put lamp oyl yn.

1481–2 in J. P. Collier Househ. Bks. John Duke of Norfolk & Thomas Earl of Surrey (1844) 150 Item, for ij. erthen panys ij.d.

1527 MS. Acc. R. Gibson Master of Revels Itm, dew for iiij dosyn erdyn dishes, y^e dosyn, iiijd.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 49 An yearthen potte.

1582 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Compend. Rationall Secretes iii. i. 2 Drie the Vitrioll in a yearthen pan.

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 192 They shamed now to drinke out of earthen vessell.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 87 The God of Wine, Whose Earthen Images adorn the Pine.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 111 Two hundred large earthen Jars.

1777 J. Brand Observ. Pop. Antiq. 12 Housewives..try the Soundness of their Earthen or China Vases by ringing them with a finger.

1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 233 A tubulated earthen or iron retort.

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 63 The three measures of wine, or the earthen vessel which contains them.

1936 M. R. Anand Coolie iv. 184 ‘Acha!’ Munoo said, looking greedily at the cream cakes, the sugar plums and the earthen jar full of milk.

1973 V. C. Ike Potter's Wheel (1974) iv. 30 He was certain his mother must have left bath water for him in the earthen bowl which served as his bath.

2007 N.Y. Mag. 26 Feb. 112/1 Order the Bun Bo Hue, which is served in a hot earthen crock with lots of soupy, anise-flavored beef shank.

β. c1450 Recipes (Douce 55) 4 (MED) Kest hem in an erthren pott.1594 H. Plat Jewell House 4 An earthern vessel of some receipte.1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick vi. vii. 183 Fill an earthern pot with unkill'd lime.a1691 R. Boyle Wks. (1744) I. 207/2 An ore, which for its aptness to vitrify, and serve the potters to glaze their earthern vessels, the miners call pottern-ore.1726 J. Gay Let. to Swift 22 Oct. in J. Swift Wks. (1841) II. 591/2 Your earthern [1766: earthen] vessel, provided it is close stopped, I allow to be a good succedaneum.1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 407 Beating also with a stick..on the top of an earthern pot covered with a wet and well-stretched deer-skin.1837 T. Bacon First Impressions Hindostan II. xii. 415 I caught sight of the large gumla (earthern jar, containing about eighteen gallons) filled with water.1881 Folk-lore Rec. 4 135 It is a common custom to take some of the pieces of skin as it peels off the body of the patient, put them in a little earthern pot, and place them under some rubbish.1915 Decatur (Illinois) Rev. 22 Mar. 9 (advt.) Solid nickel plated, brown earthern baking dish.1998 E. Danticat Farming of Bones xx. 106 There were two old mats facing each other on the dirt floor and a pile of half gourds and earthern jars in the middle.

4. Characteristic of or situated on the earth as opposed to heaven; merely material; mundane, worldly. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [adjective] > material or not spiritual > merely material

worldlyOE

earthlyOE

fleshlyc1175

materialc1390

carnal1483

charnel1483

earthen1538

world-like1577

earthy1594

materious1611

cloddy1634

wormy1640

unangelicala1711

descendental1847

unangelic1890

1538 tr. Erasmus Prepar. to Deathe sig. Dvi Why than shuld not we, whyche be weake, and dwellynge in erthen tentes, feare this Judgemente?

1603 T. Dekker et al. Patient Grissill sig. D2^v This is thy russet gentrie, coate, and crest Thy earthen honors I will neuer hide.

1633 Earl of Manchester Al Mondo: Contemplatio Mortis (rev. ed.) 164 Nor will he care who shuts vp his earthen eyes, when death it selfe opens his soules eyes.

a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 68 The best part of this Earthen World is man.

1712 Impossibility of Witchcraft further Demonstrated 11 Nor do I perceive any need why you should employ an Earthen Embassador to her.

a1751 D. Fordyce Theodorus (1752) 155 By means of such Approaches he may wear away that earthen Rust, with which the World encrusts the Soul.

1855 R. Browning Men & Women II. 215 To make the heavenly period Perfect the earthen.

1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 1st Ser. 211 We know who is to be the guest of this earthen hospitality,—how much beauty, love, and heartbreak, are to be covered in that pit of clay.

2008 Chattanooga (Tennessee) Times Free Press (Nexis) 13 May b4 Now that she is absent her earthen body and present with the Father.

Compounds

In parasynthetic compounds (in senses 2 and 4), as earthen-floored, earthen minded, earthen-roofed, earthen-walled, etc. Cf. earth n.¹ Compounds 7.

ΚΠ

1596 A. Copley Fig for Fortune 40 The earthen minded man cannot conceaue So haughtie glorie in disglorie and dole.

1726 J. Laurence New Syst. Agric. i. iv. 163 [Silk-worms] are kept and fed in the same earthen floored Rooms, where in the poor People live and spin.

1847 Jrnl. Agric. July 14 A wooden or earthen walled cottage.

1863 T. Laurie Morning on Mountains iii. 36 A long, earthen-roofed structure, half of it a dwelling house.

1876 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. 2nd Ser. 15 Far from a man..be so rash and earthen-hearted a humility.

1895 F. A. Ober Young Folks Hist. Mexico ii. 30 A scattered line of earthen-walled houses and temples.

1918 E. Krishnamurti in G. Slater Some South-Indian Villages 100 There are thirty houses in the caste village; three are terraced, none tiled, one earthen-roofed, all the rest thatched.

1960 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 104 147/1 The cooking room or separate kitchen hut, earthen-floored, is furnished with one hearth.

1991 K. Schwenke Successful Small-scale Farming (ed. 2) iv. 42/2 There are two kinds of silo presently in use: the vertical silo,..and the horizontal silo (made of wood or concrete or, in a pinch, earthen-sided).

2003 R. Vance Secret Sights 40/1 The northern boundary of the Pale, the earthen-banked defence that ran from Dundalk to Dalkey during the 14th and 15th centuries.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	earthen
释义	earthenadj. Brit. /ˈəːθn/, /ˈəːðn/, U.S. /ˈərθ(ə)n/ Forms: α. Old English eorþen, early Middle English eorðene, Middle English erþen, Middle English erþene, Middle English erthene, Middle English erthin, Middle English erþyn, Middle English vrþen, Middle English–1500s erthen, Middle English–1500s erthyn, 1500s erdyn, 1500s (1800s English regional (Yorkshire)) yearthen, 1500s– earthen, 1600s yerthen. β. late Middle English erthren, 1500s– earthern, 1600s earthren. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Low German ērden , Old High German irdīn (Middle High German irdīn , German irden ), Gothic airþeins < the Germanic base of earth n.¹ + the Germanic base of -en suffix⁴. In β. forms with epenthetic r in the second syllable probably by assimilation to the form of the first syllable (perhaps aided by the model of leathern adj. and perhaps also of northern adj. and southern adj.). †1. Situated below the surface of the earth. Obsolete. rare.In quot. apparently a reinterpretation by the scribe of the corrupt form of the exemplar (MS Brussels 1650): eorþernum (with -num added by a contemporary corrector), perhaps originally a form of the Old English compound eorð-ærn underground chamber, grave, tomb, intended as a gloss to the whole phrase in cuniculo subterraneo; see further R. Derolez in Studia Germanica Gandensia 2 (1960) 86. ΚΠ α. OE Aldhelm Glosses (Digby 146) in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 88/2 In cuniculo subterraneo : .i. in foramine grafe uel screafe eorþenum [OE Brussels 1650 eorþernum]. 2. Made or composed of earth. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [adjective] > composed of earthen?c1225 loamyc1230 terrestrial1844 terraceous1863 α. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 284 A lefdi wes mid hire fan biset al abuten..inwið an eorðene castel. a1350 Erthe upon Erthe (Harl. 2253) (1911) 1 (MED) Erþe leyde erþe in erþene þroh. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 27646 Þou man þat es in erth stad þat es noght bot an erthin gadd. a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) 161/10 How þe erþen wal schal be imade. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 192 (MED) His body ful of choynus as a erthyn woch aȝeynys þe sonne. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 42^v We content our selues with our earthen floores, wel made and of good earth. 1634 J. Russell Two Famous Pitcht Battels Lypsich & Lutzen 65 But those that in the mud-wall'd Gardens lay, Farre more securely for a while did play, Under protection of those earthen Banks. 1650 A. Weldon Court & Char. King James 133 Surely never so many brave parts, and so base and abject a spirit tenanted together in any one earthen Cottage. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 311 The earthen Floors we have in use in several Parts of England..as hard as Stone. 1764 Char. in Ann. Reg. 5/2 Under the name of Ostrog, is understood every habitation consisting of one or more huts, all surrounded by an earthen wall or palisado. 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. ii. ii. 243 A high earthen rampart..running off, from a British fort. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Yearthen, earthen. 1863 D. B. Duffield Poem in T. M. Cooley & D. B. Duffield On Ded. Law Lecture Hall Michigan Univ. 29 The land is full of graves..Where holy ashes in their earthen caves, Sleep proudly. 1871 F. T. Palgrave Lyrical Poems 16 Pacing the earthen floor with solemn feet. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 393/1 The remainder of the road space is formed as an earthen track. 1969 D. F. Costello Prairie World i. 5 The gaudy males strutted on their earthen stages to catch the fancy of somber females. 1977 O. Schell China (1978) iii. 206 The pigs live in old earthen caves..which have been hollowed out of a small mesa-like tuft of earth which sticks up off the ravine floor. 2005 Men's Health (U.K. ed.) June 101/2 Suddenly, I cannon off his right flank and land with a ‘thwap’ on the arena's hard, earthen floor. β. 1665 G. Havers tr. P. della Valle Trav. E. India 232 They had in my time begun to raise an earthern wall.1760 Hist. Whole Realm Scotl. 33 There are two little earthern knols, builded, as may appear, by men.1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 196 These earthern boundaries (baulks) are wearing fast out.1815 E. T. W. Polehampton Gallery Nature & Art IV. xlvi. 481 A stone.., which he said had fallen through the top of his hut, and buried itself in the earthern floor.1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words The names at Elsdon, Wark, Haltwhistle, Harbottle, &c., of hills with earthern ramparts.a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xiii. 279 Tunnels in the earth continued by earthern arcades up the trees.2001 Archaeology July–Aug. 47/2 In Northern Ireland they [sc. ringforts] are often called raths if they are earthern only, or cashels if clad in stone. 3. Made of baked clay. Cf. earthenware n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > [adjective] > made of baked clay earthenc1350 pig1583 figuline1657 testaceous1658 α. c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) ii. 9 (MED) Þou schalt breken hem as an erþen pott. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xix. 1 Go, and tac the erthene litil wyn vessel of the crockere. 1454–5 in Trans. Bristol & Gloucs. Archaeol. Soc. 1890–1 (1891) 15 158 An erthyn potte to put lamp oyl yn. 1481–2 in J. P. Collier Househ. Bks. John Duke of Norfolk & Thomas Earl of Surrey (1844) 150 Item, for ij. erthen panys ij.d. 1527 MS. Acc. R. Gibson Master of Revels Itm, dew for iiij dosyn erdyn dishes, y^e dosyn, iiijd. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 49 An yearthen potte. 1582 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Compend. Rationall Secretes iii. i. 2 Drie the Vitrioll in a yearthen pan. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 192 They shamed now to drinke out of earthen vessell. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 87 The God of Wine, Whose Earthen Images adorn the Pine. View more context for this quotation 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 111 Two hundred large earthen Jars. 1777 J. Brand Observ. Pop. Antiq. 12 Housewives..try the Soundness of their Earthen or China Vases by ringing them with a finger. 1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 233 A tubulated earthen or iron retort. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 63 The three measures of wine, or the earthen vessel which contains them. 1936 M. R. Anand Coolie iv. 184 ‘Acha!’ Munoo said, looking greedily at the cream cakes, the sugar plums and the earthen jar full of milk. 1973 V. C. Ike Potter's Wheel (1974) iv. 30 He was certain his mother must have left bath water for him in the earthen bowl which served as his bath. 2007 N.Y. Mag. 26 Feb. 112/1 Order the Bun Bo Hue, which is served in a hot earthen crock with lots of soupy, anise-flavored beef shank. β. c1450 Recipes (Douce 55) 4 (MED) Kest hem in an erthren pott.1594 H. Plat Jewell House 4 An earthern vessel of some receipte.1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick vi. vii. 183 Fill an earthern pot with unkill'd lime.a1691 R. Boyle Wks. (1744) I. 207/2 An ore, which for its aptness to vitrify, and serve the potters to glaze their earthern vessels, the miners call pottern-ore.1726 J. Gay Let. to Swift 22 Oct. in J. Swift Wks. (1841) II. 591/2 Your earthern [1766: earthen] vessel, provided it is close stopped, I allow to be a good succedaneum.1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 407 Beating also with a stick..on the top of an earthern pot covered with a wet and well-stretched deer-skin.1837 T. Bacon First Impressions Hindostan II. xii. 415 I caught sight of the large gumla (earthern jar, containing about eighteen gallons) filled with water.1881 Folk-lore Rec. 4 135 It is a common custom to take some of the pieces of skin as it peels off the body of the patient, put them in a little earthern pot, and place them under some rubbish.1915 Decatur (Illinois) Rev. 22 Mar. 9 (advt.) Solid nickel plated, brown earthern baking dish.1998 E. Danticat Farming of Bones xx. 106 There were two old mats facing each other on the dirt floor and a pile of half gourds and earthern jars in the middle. 4. Characteristic of or situated on the earth as opposed to heaven; merely material; mundane, worldly. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [adjective] > material or not spiritual > merely material worldlyOE earthlyOE fleshlyc1175 materialc1390 carnal1483 charnel1483 earthen1538 world-like1577 earthy1594 materious1611 cloddy1634 wormy1640 unangelicala1711 descendental1847 unangelic1890 1538 tr. Erasmus Prepar. to Deathe sig. Dvi Why than shuld not we, whyche be weake, and dwellynge in erthen tentes, feare this Judgemente? 1603 T. Dekker et al. Patient Grissill sig. D2^v This is thy russet gentrie, coate, and crest Thy earthen honors I will neuer hide. 1633 Earl of Manchester Al Mondo: Contemplatio Mortis (rev. ed.) 164 Nor will he care who shuts vp his earthen eyes, when death it selfe opens his soules eyes. a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 68 The best part of this Earthen World is man. 1712 Impossibility of Witchcraft further Demonstrated 11 Nor do I perceive any need why you should employ an Earthen Embassador to her. a1751 D. Fordyce Theodorus (1752) 155 By means of such Approaches he may wear away that earthen Rust, with which the World encrusts the Soul. 1855 R. Browning Men & Women II. 215 To make the heavenly period Perfect the earthen. 1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 1st Ser. 211 We know who is to be the guest of this earthen hospitality,—how much beauty, love, and heartbreak, are to be covered in that pit of clay. 2008 Chattanooga (Tennessee) Times Free Press (Nexis) 13 May b4 Now that she is absent her earthen body and present with the Father. Compounds In parasynthetic compounds (in senses 2 and 4), as earthen-floored, earthen minded, earthen-roofed, earthen-walled, etc. Cf. earth n.¹ Compounds 7. ΚΠ 1596 A. Copley Fig for Fortune 40 The earthen minded man cannot conceaue So haughtie glorie in disglorie and dole. 1726 J. Laurence New Syst. Agric. i. iv. 163 [Silk-worms] are kept and fed in the same earthen floored Rooms, where in the poor People live and spin. 1847 Jrnl. Agric. July 14 A wooden or earthen walled cottage. 1863 T. Laurie Morning on Mountains iii. 36 A long, earthen-roofed structure, half of it a dwelling house. 1876 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. 2nd Ser. 15 Far from a man..be so rash and earthen-hearted a humility. 1895 F. A. Ober Young Folks Hist. Mexico ii. 30 A scattered line of earthen-walled houses and temples. 1918 E. Krishnamurti in G. Slater Some South-Indian Villages 100 There are thirty houses in the caste village; three are terraced, none tiled, one earthen-roofed, all the rest thatched. 1960 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 104 147/1 The cooking room or separate kitchen hut, earthen-floored, is furnished with one hearth. 1991 K. Schwenke Successful Small-scale Farming (ed. 2) iv. 42/2 There are two kinds of silo presently in use: the vertical silo,..and the horizontal silo (made of wood or concrete or, in a pinch, earthen-sided). 2003 R. Vance Secret Sights 40/1 The northern boundary of the Pale, the earthen-banked defence that ran from Dundalk to Dalkey during the 14th and 15th centuries. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). earthenv. Brit. /ˈəːθn/, /ˈəːðn/, U.S. /ˈərθ(ə)n/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: earth n.¹, -en suffix⁵. Etymology: < earth n.¹ + -en suffix⁵. †1. transitive. To bury; to cover with earth. Also with up. Cf. earth v. 1a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > cover over or up > under the ground or bury delvec1175 indelve1382 mine?1440 dig1530 bury1535 inter1601 inhume1626 turf1628 earthen1708 inearth1801 1708 A. Boyer Royal Dict. Abridged (ed. 2) To earthen,..Enterrer, couvrir de Terre. 1871 Dickens's Edwin Drood (new ed.) 167 Up and down these lanes they walk, Durdles discoursing of the ‘old uns’ he yet counts on disinterring, and slapping a wall, in which he considers ‘a whole family on 'em’ to be stoned and earthened up [1870 earthed up]. †2. intransitive. To become earth. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > decompose, crumble, or melt away > specifically of a corpse earthen1839 1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 64 While one so beautiful lies earthening here. 3. transitive. Horticulture. With up. = earth v. 3. Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivate plants or crops [verb (transitive)] > earth up bank1577 hill1577 mould1601 earth1658 heela1722 to set up1801 landa1806 stitch1805 soil1844 earthen1904 1904 Monthly Bull. Div. Zool. (Pennsylvania State Dept. Agric.) July 174 Earthening up in fall to prevent damage by mice in winter. 1947 W. Deeping Laughing House (new ed.) 51 We even got help from some of the lads on summer evenings hoeing and cutting rough grass, and earthening up our potatoes. 1998 S. D. Masalkar & B. G. Keskar in D. K. Salunkhe & S. S. Kadam Handbk. Veg. Sci. & Technol. vi. 164 Cultivation of celeriac is very similar to that of celery, except that plants are not earthened up during growing season. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.OEv.1708
随便看	hardwired hardwires hardwiring hardwitted hardwon hardwood hardwood cutting hardwood forest hardwood tree hardwoodder hardwooddest hardwooded hardwooder hardwoodest hardwoods hardworked hardworking hardwrung hardy hardy annual hardy hole hardy off hardy perennial hardy-limbed hardy-mannered

earthenadj.

Compounds

earthenv.