单词 | dure |
释义 | dureadj. archaic. 1. Hard. literal and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > [adjective] hardeOE braasny1382 dure1412 flinty?1541 obdurate1598 putaminous1598 oakeda1618 marblya1620 obdure1625 marmorean1656 durous1666 calculous1682 scirrhous1694 horn-hard1768 marmoreal1798 the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harshness > [adjective] unmildeOE unmeekc1175 unkindc1325 dure1412 roughc1415 foula1500 harsh1579 untender1608 unsoftened1645 kindless1659 unkind-hearted1760 uncannya1774 unkindly1787 unbeneficent1822 bad-blooded1842 half-hearted1864 brash1868 the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > hard-heartedness > [adjective] hard hearteOE hateleOE hard-heartedc1225 cruel1297 dure1412 flinty1536 heartless1556 flint-hearted1560 stone-hearted?1569 stony-hearted1569 iron-hearted1570 steel-hearted1571 unbowelled1592 blunt1594 flintful1596 flint-heart1596 brassy1600 unfeeling1600 cold-blooded1602 cold-hearteda1616 flinty-hearted1629 callous1647 unsympathizing1735 cool-hearted1748 pebble-hearted1816 unsympathetic1823 cold1849 the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [adjective] > callous or hard-hearted hard hearteOE steelena1000 hardOE hard-heartedc1225 stony?c1230 yhert1340 dure1412 hardedc1425 induratec1425 stonishc1450 hardenedc1480 steely1508 flinty1536 endured1540 stiff-stomached1540 heartless1556 indured1558 flint-hearted1560 iron1561 marble1565 stone-hearted?1569 stony-hearted1569 iron-hearted1570 steel-hearted1571 rocky?1578 brawned1582 flinted1582 padded1583 obdure?1590 brawny1596 flintful1596 flint-heart1596 steeled1600 cauterized1603 indurated1604 flinty-hearted1629 ahenean1630 dedolent1633 brawny-hearteda1639 hard-grained1643 callous1647 upsitten1682 seared1684 petrified1720 calloused1746 coreless1813 pebble-hearted1816 hard-shelled1848 hard-plucked1857 steel trap1921 the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adjective] heavyc825 grimc900 strongeOE hardeOE drearyOE eileOE sweerOE deara1000 bitterOE tartc1000 smartOE unridec1175 sharp?c1225 straitc1275 grievousc1290 fellc1330 shrewda1387 snella1400 unsterna1400 vilea1400 importunea1425 ungainc1425 thrallc1430 peisant1483 sore?a1513 weighty1540 heinous?1541 urgent?1542 asperous?1567 dure1567 spiny1586 searching1590 hoara1600 vengible1601 flinty1613 tugging1642 atrocious1733 uncannya1774 severe1774 stern1830 punishing1833 hefty1867 solid1916 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. vi His bryght skales were so hard and dure. c1480 (a1400) St. Andrew 621 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 81 Gyf þat þu sa dur wil be þat þu wil nocht consent to me. 1567 R. Sempill Test. & Trag. King Henrie (single sheet) As the woirme that workis vnder cuire At lenth the tre consumis that is duire. 1567 G. Turberville tr. Ovid Heroycall Epist. 47 That place with dure and deadly dinte hath Cupid crased earst. 1664 Floddan Field viii. 80 Blows with bils most dure was delt. 1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold II. ix. i. 295 In reply to too dure a request. 1885 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm. I. 111 The last judgment will deal them durer pains and more enduring. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > [adjective] > high > raised by semitone dural1609 dure1609 sharpened1730 sharped1746 1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 15 The Scale of ♮ dure, and where the Mutations are made. 1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 16 For ♮ dures are not changed into b mols, nor contrarily. Derivatives ˈdurely adv. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harshness > [adverb] unkindly?1387 untenderly?a1400 unmeeklya1425 durely1477 roidlyc1480 kindlessly1826 the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adverb] heavilyc897 sharplyc900 hardeOE sharpc1000 sorec1000 hardlyOE etelichec1175 sorelyc1275 straita1300 sourc1300 grievously1303 drearilya1400 foullya1400 felly?c1400 snapelyc1420 durely1477 penallya1500 shrewlya1529 shrewdlyc1533 asperously1547 heinouslya1555 sensibly1613 instantly1638 shrowardly1664 severelya1682 atrociously1765 punishingly1839 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 136 He made his heed hurtle ayenst his crowpe right sore & durely. ˈdureness n. stubbornness. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun] obstination?1387 pertinacyc1390 obstinacya1393 thronessa1400 stubbornnessc1440 obstinance?a1475 durenessc1480 pertinacity?1504 stomacha1513 stiffness1526 tenacity1526 persistence1546 obstacleness1548 obstinateness1561 stiffneckedness1570 self-mindedness1574 intractability1579 persistency1600 obstinancy1614 contumacy1619 stomachfulness1621 tenaciousness1642 pertinaciousness1651 irresignation1657 peremptoriness1747 mulishness1763 strongheadedness1793 dourness1794 unmovableness1818 stoutheartedness1826 bullet-headednessa1849 stalwartism1879 camelishness1883 thick and thin1884 stupidity1886 jusqu'auboutisme1917 die-hardism1922 obstinative- c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 337 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 160 Þe Iowis..wald [not] mend þar wikit liffis..bot in to durnes ay abad. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online December 2020). durev. archaic and dialect. 1. intransitive. To last, continue in existence. archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (intransitive)] > endure, remain, persist, or continue bidec893 lastOE through-wonOE ylasta1000 standOE runOE lastlOE beleavec1200 abidec1275 cleavec1275 durec1275 dwell13.. endurec1386 perseverec1390 continuec1400 contunec1400 tarrya1450 remainc1455 perdure?a1475 rest1474 permanec1485 succeed1486 perpetuate1530 persist1531 demur1547 perduratea1558 weara1568 to hold it out1585 to hold out1585 abye1590 contain1592 live1592 perennate1623 to draw overa1700 exist1754 linger1764 to hang it out1939 c1275 Laȝamon Brut 26708 Al þane day long durede þat fiht strong. c1315 Shoreham 3 Hy ne moȝe nauȝt dury. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Pref. (1810) 189 Þare biriels he þouht to honoure With som þing þat ay myght doure. 13.. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxxvii. 793 Monnes lyf nis bote schort: Sone wol hit go; Bote þe sely soule Duyreþ euermo. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ii. 32 As longe as the worlde dureth shall thi boke gladly ben herde. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xiii. f. xviij Yet hath he no rottes in him selfe, And therefore he dureth but a season. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) iv. 321 Thare empire durit nocht lang. 1575 T. Churchyard 1st Pt. Chippes f. 4 v This bickring duerd, foure houres and more at lest. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1776) 261 The wood being preserved dry, will dure a very long time. 1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 247 You may change for the other, and so make your sport dure the longer. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xcvi. 6 In thy love dureth a plenary joy. 1882 in W. Worc. Gloss. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > be permanent [verb (intransitive)] > remain, continue bidec893 ofstandeOE astandc1000 restOE holdc1175 dure1297 akeepc1300 lastc1300 arrest1393 containc1400 perseverec1425 reserve1529 to run on1533 to stick by ——1533 persist1538 persist1539 to hold up1582 retaina1631 persist1659 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 181 He þoȝte..to wynne ȝut al Europe, ȝyf he myȝte dure. a1400 Coer de L. 2937 The Sarezynes myghten nought doure, And flowen into the heye toure. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 10 [They] persecuted them with their arowes as long as they dured. a1510 G. Douglas King Hart 469 For so in dule he micht no langar dure. a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) xci. 27 Against the streme thou maist not dure. 1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlii. 639 As the body can not dure, Except in sesoun men procure Fude in dew tyme it to sustene. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > extend in space [verb (intransitive)] bredeOE comeOE ylasta1175 drawc1180 areachc1225 lastc1275 tillc1290 durea1300 reachc1330 spreada1400 halec1400 reignc1400 splatec1440 extend1481 endure1523 span1535 discoursea1547 wina1578 distend1581 intend1594 sweep1789 outlie1876 a1300 Floriz & Bl. 210 Babilloine..Dureþ abute furten~niȝt ȝonde. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) vi. 67 There begynnethe the Vale of Ebron, that dureth nyghe to Jerusalem. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde i. xvii. 52 Lyke as a flye goth round aboute a round apple In like wyse myght a man goo rounde aboute therthe as ferre as therthe dureth. c1500 Melusine (1895) xxxvi. 281 Nygh therby was a forest that dured a myle. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > endure patiently [verb (transitive)] takec1175 dure1297 suffer1297 eata1382 to take in patiencec1385 to take awortha1387 endure1477 to go through ——1535 pocket1589 to sit down1589 hack1936 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 335 Ȝyf heo yt may dure. c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 2634 Might thare none his dintes dour. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxvii. 232 Durynge grete sorow in ye horryble pryson. 1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido iv. iii I may not dure this female drudgery. 1598 J. Marston Certaine Satyres in Metamorph. Pigmalions Image 29 He that..arm'd in proofe, dare dure a strawes strong push. Categories » 5. To harden: see during n. 2. Phrases† for the time during: = for the time being at be v. Phrases 1b. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iii. xxij. sig. Oiiiv He can not compelle hym to paye hym hys money for the tyme durynge of hys legacyon. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 75v He had the best right & title for the tyme duryng, to the shadoe of the Asse. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1412v.c1275 |
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