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单词 duffing
释义

duffingn.1

Brit. /ˈdʌfɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈdəfɪŋ/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: duffer n.1, -ing suffix1.
Etymology: < duff- (in duffer n.1) + -ing suffix1. Compare slightly later duff v.1
slang.
1. The action or practice of duff v.1 1; the action of selling or peddling goods under false pretences, esp. after their appearance has been altered, or of altering the appearance of goods in order to do this. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > [noun] > creating fair appearance
colouring?1435
cloaking1513
disguising1587
varnishment1593
fucation1612
artinga1620
veneering1808
duffing1826
whitewash1882
window dressing1903
1742 Proc. Old Bailey 12 July 9 Duffing is buying Spirituous Liquors from the Still and hawking 'em about, making People imagine 'em to be fine genuine Liquor, which they had smuggled.
1826 London Mag. June 173 There is a stratagem in old-clothes dealing called duffing. The practitioner..raises the scanty nap of a veteran garment, gives it a gloss with some preparation, and passes it off as new.
1838 R. S. Surtees Jorrocks's Jaunts 154 The chaps about him..were in the duffing line—sold brimston'd sparrows for canary birds.
1845 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 15 Mar. 163 a The same coat..has undergone a mysterious process called ‘duffing’.
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 380/2Duffing’, and all that is going down fast.
1858 A. W. Fonblanque Life & Labours (1874) 279 Duffing..is the art of giving such a gloss and air of novelty to old clothes as to pass them off for new.
2. Australian. The action of stealing cattle and (usually) altering their brands. Also more fully cattle duffing.
ΚΠ
1848 Goulburn (New S. Wales) Herald 19 Aug. Cattle stealing, in vulgar parlance ‘duffing’, a crime which was at one time so common in the colony, is now completely in abeyance.
1881 Cheq. Career 329Cattle-duffing’ and free-bootery.
1930 Bulletin (Sydney) 19 Mar. 23/2 Cattle-duffing is as far removed from sheep-stealing as expert forgery is from snow-dropping among suburban clotheslines.
1994 Canberra Times 26 June 21/2 The steep, heavily dissected country..is full of tales of human drama..including lifelong feuds, cattle duffing and lonely death.
2014 Townsville (Queensland) Bull. (Nexis) 22 Aug. 22 [He] had done 3½ years in Lotus Glen after being convicted for his part in the duffing of around 4500 unbranded cattle from company-owned Strathmore Station.

Compounds

General attributive (in sense 2).
ΚΠ
1863 Golden Age (Queanbeyan, New S. Wales) 20 Aug. The amount of business lately transacted in the ‘duffing’ line has been limited, owing, I presume, to the inclemency of the weather.
1869 E. C. Booth Another Eng. 138 The man who owned the ‘duffing paddock’ was said to have a knack of altering cattle brands.
1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms I. iv. 53 It was a ‘duffing’ yard, sure enough.
1973 H. Holthouse S'pose I Die 48 There were several runs that were well known as duffing stations.
2015 Cairns (Queensland) Post (Nexis) 29 Apr. 40 John recalls the logistics of the duffing operation, which peaked in 1986.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

duffingn.2

Brit. /ˈdʌfɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈdəfɪŋ/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: duff v.3, -ing suffix1.
Etymology: < duff v.3 + -ing suffix1. Compare earlier duffer n.2
Golf.
The action of performing a shot badly, or of playing badly in general.
ΚΠ
1890 Golf 5 Dec. 179/1 When we know the circumstances of genuine play, it is very easy to pass from them to the corresponding characteristics of every-day duffing.
1903 Golf Illustr. 7 Aug. 110/1 To prevent the stroke of the club being spoiled by the head or sole coming into contact with the turf before reaching the ball, which is commonly known as ‘duffing’.
1965 G. McInnes Road to Gundagai xiv. 259 The rest of the eighteen holes were a miserable exhibition of foozling, duffing, [etc.].
1999 J. Boren How to be Sincere Phoney 17 The change from productive action to orbital and image-oriented movement, I was to learn, is as difficult to achieve as a golfer to ‘unlearn’ bad techniques acquired through years of duffing on the course.
2006 P. Callaway Golfing with Master ix. 56 ‘And how do you get experience?’... ‘Two words... Bad shots.’ As surely as we learn to walk by stumbling, we learn to golf by duffing.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

duffingn.3

Brit. /ˈdʌfɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈdəfɪŋ/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: duff v.4, -ing suffix1.
Etymology: < duff v.4 + -ing suffix1 Compare earlier dowfing n. at dowf v. Derivatives.
colloquial (originally and chiefly British).
Chiefly as duffing-up. An act of hitting or thumping something or someone; a beating; a drubbing. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > [noun] > specific object a person
threshingOE
sousingc1580
rib-roast1595
basting1599
swingeing1603
cuffing1610
lamming1611
rib-roasting1613
mauling1621
pinking1637
drubbing1650
diverberation1651
verberation1661
trimming1675
rib1699
thrashing1720
dousing1721
fagging1746
bumping1751
dusting1799
clapperclawing1806
milling1806
hiding1809
punishment1811
doing1814
bethumping1831
mugging1846
jacketing1850
frailing1851
pasting1851
towelling1851
tanning1863
fum-fum1885
ribbing1894
paddywhack1898
tanking1905
beating-up1915
shellacking1931
sloshing1931
clobbering1948
twatting1963
duffing-up1967
1967 Listener 31 Aug. 261/3 He may have been taught—either through a fine he couldn't pay or a duffing-up he couldn't sustain—that this age has rid itself of some semantic taboos only to enthrone others.
1987 Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Sept. 1052/3 He can expect a good duffing if he ever goes back.
1997 Empire Sept. 138/2 This 206 minute epic got a duffing by critics back in 1972.
2004 H. Small in G. Cantor & S. Shuttleworth Science Serialized x. 241 [He] bullishly concluded a duffing up of W. G. Ward in the December 1874 issue of the Contemporary Review with a statement that [etc.].
2016 Sunday Independent (Nexis) 7 Feb. 35 He received a duffing-up from her father at Paddington Station.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

duffingadj.1

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: duffer n.1, -ing suffix2; duff v.1, -ing suffix2.
Etymology: In sense 1 < duff- (in duffer n.1) + -ing suffix2; compare also earlier duff n.2 and duffing n.1 In sense 2 probably partly also < duff v.1 + -ing suffix2.
slang. Obsolete.
1. Of poor quality but presented (esp. for sale) as valuable; (sometimes) counterfeit. Cf. duff adj. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adjective] > worthless
naughteOE
unworthc960
nought worthOE
unworthya1240
vaina1300
lewd1362
base?1510
to be nothing toc1520
stark naught1528
nothing worth1535
worthilessa1542
draffish1543
baggage1548
dunghill?1555
valureless1563
toyish1572
worthless1573
out (forth) of door (also doors)1574
leaden1577
riff-raff1577
drafty1582
fecklessc1586
dudgeon?1589
nought-worth1589
tenpenny1592
wanwordy?a1595
shotten herring1598
nugatory1603
unvalued1604
priceless1614
unvaluable1615
valuelessa1616
waste1616
trashya1620
draffy1624
stramineous1624
invaluable1640
roly-poly?1645
nugatorious1646
perquisquilian1647
niffling1649
lazy1671
wanworth1724
little wortha1754
flimsy1756
waff1788
null1790
nothingy1801
nothingly1802
twopenny-halfpenny1809
not worth a flaw1810
garbage1817
peanut1836
duffing1839
trash1843
no-account1845
no-count1851
punky1859
rummagy1872
junky1880
skilligalee1883
footle1894
punk1896
wherry-go-nimble1901
junk1908
rinky-dink1913
schlock1916
tripe1927
duff1938
chickenshit1940
sheg-up1941
expendable1942
(strictly) for the birds1943
tripey1955
schlocky1960
naff1964
dipshit1968
cack1978
1839 Standard 4 Oct. Although it bore the name of ‘Grimaldi and Johnson, Strand’, on the works, it was what is called a ‘duffing’ watch, and was not worth more than 20s.
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 19/2 Dealers in ‘duffing fiddles’. These are German-made instruments, and are sold to the street-folk at 2s. 6d. or 3s. each.
1883 Sword & Trowel July 355Duffing’ canaries, or painted sparrows.
1911 Manch. Guardian 3 May 4/3 Finding that it [sc. a ring] was not worth more than half that sum, and knowing there had been several instances of passing off ‘duffing’ jewellery, [he] made inquiries.
1913 ‘R. Dehan’ Headquarter Recruit xi. 122 That duffing Egyptian tiara of father's has got to be made up for somehow.
2. That passes off a worthless or inferior article as valuable; (more generally) fraudulent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [adjective] > bungling
bodging1565
bungling1589
scambling1589
bungler-like1603
mismanaging1789
muffing1841
duffing1862
1862 Building News 3 Oct. 255/3 It will do much to foil these ‘duffing builders’ from duping honest buyers.
1865 Fisherman's Mag. & Rev. 2 438 We..packed up our little odds and ends of jewellery, &c., and, like duffing pedlars, carried them in our pockets.
1892 Proc. Old Bailey 12 Sept. 1188 When Stephens and I were locked up in prison, Stephens said, ‘I sent a duffing solicitor to him.’
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

duffingadj.2

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: duffer n.2, -ing suffix2.
Etymology: < duff- (in duffer n.2) + -ing suffix2. Compare later duff v.3
slang or colloquial. Obsolete.
Of, relating to, or characteristic of a duffer (duffer n.2 1); incompetent, inept, stupid.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > [adjective]
sloweOE
stuntc960
dullOE
hardOE
stuntlyc1000
sotc1050
dillc1175
dulta1225
simplea1325
heavy1340
astonedc1374
sheepishc1380
dull-witteda1387
lourd1390
steerishc1411
ass-likea1425
brainless?a1439
deafc1440
sluggishc1450
short-witted1477
obtuse1509
peakish1519
wearish1519
deaf, or dumb as a beetle1520
doileda1522
gross1526
headlessa1530
stulty1532
ass-headed1533
pot-headed1533
stupid?1541
sheep's head1542
doltish1543
dumpish1545
assish1548
blockish1548
slow-witted1548
blockheaded1549
surd1551
dull-headed1552
hammer-headed1552
skit-brained?1553
buzzardly1561
witless1562
log-headeda1566
assy1566
sottish1566
dastardly1567
stupidious1567
beetle-headed1570
calvish1570
bluntish1578
cod's-headed1578
grout-headed1578
bedaft1579
dull-pated1580
blate1581
buzzard-like1581
long-eared1582
dullard1583
woodena1586
duncical1588
leaden-headed1589
buzzard1592
dorbellical1592
dunstical1592
heavy-headeda1593
shallow-brained1592
blunt-witted1594
mossy1597
Bœotian1598
clay-brained1598
fat1598
fat-witted1598
knotty-pated1598
stupidous1598
wit-lost1599
barren1600
duncifiedc1600
lourdish1600
stockish1600
thick1600
booby1603
leaden-pated1603
partless1603
thin-headed1603
leaden-skulledc1604
blockhead1606
frost-brained1606
ram-headed1608
beef-witted1609
insulse1609
leaden-spirited1609
asininec1610
clumse1611
blockheadly1612
wattle-headed1613
flata1616
logger-headeda1616
puppy-headeda1616
shallow-patedc1616
thick-brained1619
half-headed1621
buzzard-blinda1625
beef-brained1628
toom-headed1629
thick-witted1634
woollen-witted1635
squirrel-headed1637
clod-pated1639
lean-souled1639
muddy-headed1642
leaden-witteda1645
as sad as any mallet1645
under-headed1646
fat-headed1647
half-witted1647
insipid1651
insulsate1652
soft-headed1653
thick-skulleda1657
muddish1658
non-intelligent1659
whey-brained1660
sap-headed1665
timber-headed1666
leather-headeda1668
out of (one's) tree1669
boobily1673
thoughtless1673
lourdly1674
logger1675
unintelligenta1676
Bœotic1678
chicken-brained1678
under-witted1683
loggerhead1684
dunderheaded1692
unintelligible1694
buffle-headed1697
crassicc1700
numbskulled1707
crassous1708
doddy-polled1708
haggis-headed1715
niddy-noddy1722
muzzy1723
pudding-headed1726
sumphish1728
pitcher-souleda1739
duncey1743
hebete1743
chuckheaded1756
dumb1756
duncely1757
imbecile1766
mutton-headed1768
chuckle-headed1770
jobbernowl1770
dowfarta1774
boobyish1778
wittol1780
staumrel1787
opaquec1789
stoopid1791
mud-headed1793
borné1795
muzzy-headed1798
nog-headed1800
thick-headed1801
gypit1804
duncish1805
lightweight1809
numbskull1814
tup-headed1816
chuckle-pate1820
unintellectuala1821
dense1822
ninnyish1822
dunch1825
fozy1825
potato-headed1826
beef-headed1828
donkeyish1831
blockheadish1833
pinheaded1837
squirrel-minded1837
pumpkin-headed1838
tomfoolish1838
dundering1840
chicken-headed1842
like a bump on a log1842
ninny-minded1849
numbheadeda1852
nincompoopish1852
suet-brained1852
dolly1853
mullet-headed1853
sodden1853
fiddle-headed1854
numb1854
bovine1855
logy1859
crass1861
unsmart1861
off his chump1864
wooden-headed1865
stupe1866
lean-minded1867
duffing1869
cretinous1871
doddering1871
thick-head1873
doddling1874
stupido1879
boneheaded1883
woolly-headed1883
leaden-natured1889
suet-headed1890
sam-sodden1891
dopey1896
turnip-headed1898
bonehead1903
wool-witted1905
peanut-headed1906
peanut-brained1907
dilly1909
torpid-minded1909
retardate1912
nitwitted1917
meat-headed1918
mug1922
cloth-headed1925
loopy1925
nitwit1928
lame-brained1929
dead from the neck up1930
simpy1932
nail-headed1936
square-headed1936
dingbats1937
pinhead1939
dim-witted1940
pea-brained1942
clueless1943
lobotomized1943
retarded1949
pointy-headed1950
clottish1952
like a stunned mullet1953
silly (or crazy) as a two-bob watch1954
out to lunch1955
pin-brained1958
dozy1959
eejity1964
out of one's tiny mind1965
doofus1967
twitty1967
twittish1969
twatty1975
twattish1976
blur1977
dof1979
goofus1981
dickheaded1991
dickish1991
numpty1992
cockish1996
1869 Quiver 3 Apr. 415 They said there was but a ‘duffing’ evening before them, with nobody but their sister in the house for company.
1875 Belgravia June 41 What a duffing old file you must be, then!
1881 J. Grant Cameronians I. iii. 39 A little brilliant singing, which Hew..secretly stigmatised as ‘the most duffing caterwauling!’
1918 M. Gray Black Opal ii. ii. 87 Did she think that a fellow—a duffing sort of chap like himself..—could make verses about a young woman without being in love with her?
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2019).
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n.11742n.21890n.31967adj.11839adj.21869
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