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单词 eld
释义

† eldn.1

Etymology: apparently representing Old English ǽled (genitive ǽldes) fire; compare synonymous Old Saxon eld, Old Norse eld-r (Swedish eld, Danish ild).
Obsolete. rare.
Fire.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [noun]
bruneOE
fireOE
eldc1200
glimmer1567
Vulcan1595
fire king1796
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 258 Þu sscope eld & wind & water.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

eldn.2

Brit. /ɛld/, U.S. /ɛld/
Forms: Old English ǣld(u, eldo, eld, (West Saxon ieldu, ild(u, yld(u), Middle English–1500s elde, Middle English ulde /y/, Middle English ælde, ealde, (Middle English northern heild, held, ellde), Middle English eelde, ( helde), Middle English Scottish eylde, Middle English (1500s–1800s Scottish) eild, ( elth), 1500s yeld, Scottish ȝeild, Middle English– eld. See also , old n.2
Etymology: Old English ęldo (abstract noun < ald , in West Saxon eald , old adj.), corresponding to Old Saxon eldî, Old High German altî, eltî, Old Norse elli (Danish ælde). Synonymous derivatives from the same root are Old Norse ǫld ( < *aldâ) and Gothic alþs ( < *alþi-z).
archaic and northern.
1. The age, period of life, at which a person has arrived. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [noun]
eldOE
yearsOE
oldc1175
statea1350
agea1387
springs1597
seniority1776
standing1789
OE Guthlac A 109 Se halga wer in þa ærestan ældu gelufade frecnessa fela!
c1000 Ælfric Homilies in Sweet (1879) 90 Eadig is heora [the innocents'] yld.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 162 He leng ne leofað þonn on miðre ilde.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 236 Ich wes of swich elde.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 22814 Old and ying, At þat fortald vprising sal be of eild, als þai suld here, Haue deide of eild of thritti ȝere.
c1300 Beket 159 This child was bot in elde of tuo and twenti ȝer.
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 742 Bot swa grete elde may nane now bere.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 403 William & ȝhe were of on held.
c1400 Gamelyn 643 Gamelyn, that yong was of elde.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. ix. 41 In sic strenthis and eyld.
1513 Sc. Acts Jas. IV (1814) II. 278/2 Dispensand wt his aige quhat ȝeild þat euir he be of.
a1545 Deth Edwarde IV in J. Skelton Certayne Bks. (c1563) 86 I was of no great yeld.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Edward IV. vii. 2 Ye wote well all I was of no great elde.
1600 C. Tourneur Transformed Metamorph. sig. B8v Erinnis purueyor, young elth I meane.
1691 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) at Eald He is tall of his Eald.
1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 63 His eild and my eild can never agree.
1860 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life 1st Ser. (ed. 7) 177 ‘I am just ae eild wi' the auld king’ [George III].
†2. Conventional or legal age; full age; majority. of eld = of age; within eld = under age; also (quot. c1400) of military age. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > adult > [noun] > adulthood or maturity > legal maturity
agec1275
elda1300
age of discretion1395
years of discretiona1402
discretionc1485
lawful years1548
age of consent1809
the age of reason1884
a1300 Havelok 128 Sho were comen intil helde.
1357 Lay-Folks Mass-bk. App. ii. 118 Ilke man and woman that of eld is.
c1400 Rowland & O. 682 And alle that are with-in elde loke that thay to batayle helde.
a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 29444 Childer within elde, Of cursed man may haue þaire belde.
1450 Myrc 236 Alle that ben of warde and elde.
1529 D. Lindsay Compl. 115 I prayit, daylie..My ȝoung maister that I mycht see Off eild.
3.
a. Old age, advanced period of life; usually with regard to its effects upon a person. Also personified. archaic and poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [noun]
eld971
old agec1330
agec1380
last agea1382
oldc1385
aldereldea1400
winterc1425
vilessec1430
annosityc1450
senectute1481
the black ox1546
golden years1559
years1561
great1587
afterlife1589
setting sun1597
antiquity1600
chair-daysa1616
the vale of yearsa1616
grandevity1623
green old age1634
eldship1647
senioritya1688
the other side of the hill1691
the decline of life1711
senectude1756
senility1791
senectitude1796
post-climacteric1826
Anno Domini1885
senium1911
golden age1946
971 Blickl. Hom. 59 Se wlite eft gewiteþ & to ylde gecyrreþ.
a1200 Moral Ode 373 in Cott. Hom. 181 Þer is ȝeoȝeðe bute ulde.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5760 Vnhæle & ælde [c1300 Otho heolde] hæueð þene king vnbalded.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9685 Bruttes hafden muchel mode..for þas kinges alde.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1197 Sarra..wurd wið childe, on elde wac.
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 801 Alle thir..That clerkes propertes of eld calles.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Prov. xvi. 31 A coroun of dignyte is eelde.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 303 A staffe forto go by in his eelde for sijkenes.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) i. 15 Tha begyn to decresse, ande declinis til eild ande to the dede.
1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie i. iv. sig. D3v Cold, writhled Eld, his liues-wet almost spent.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xvii. xi. 297 His eies (not yet made dim with eild) Sparkled his former worth and vigor braue.
a1637 B. Jonson Sad Shepherd ii. viii. 12 in Wks. (1640) III Who scornes at eld, peeles of his owne young haires. View more context for this quotation
1748 J. Thomson Castle of Indolence ii. xxxi The whitening snows Of venerable eld.
1800–24 T. Campbell Pilgrim Glencoe 478 Hale and unburden'd by the woes of eild.
1858 C. Kingsley Weird Lady 17 His beard was white with eld.
†b. People of advanced age; old men; senate or aristocracy. (In quot. 1592 perhaps the adjective used absol.) Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 506 (Bosw.) Seo yld hi gebæd and seo iuguþ wrat.
a1075 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1004 Ðær wærð East Engla folces seo yld ofslagen.
1592 W. Wyrley Capitall de Buz in True Vse Armorie 147 That pleasant sweet content That diuers eld haue found within a wall.
c. poetic. An old man. (But perhaps an absolute use of the adjective.) Rarely in plural elds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > old person > old man > [noun]
old maneOE
bevara1275
beauperec1300
vieillard1475
Nestor?c1510
old gentleman1526
haga1529
velyarda1529
old fellow?1555
old sire1557
granfer1564
vecchioc1570
ageman1571
grave-porer1582
grandsire1595
huddle-duddle1599
elder1600
pantaloon1602
cuffc1616
crone1630
old boya1637
codger?1738
dry-beard1749
eld1796
patriarch1819
oubaas1824
old chap1840
pap1844
pop1844
tad1877
old baas1882
senex1898
finger1904
AK1911
alte kacker1911
poppa stoppa1944
madala1960
Ntate1975
1796 S. T. Coleridge Destiny of Nations To the tottering eld Still as a daughter would she run.
1830 W. Phillips Mt. Sinai ii. 364 That eld august Came out from Israel.
1830 W. Phillips Mt. Sinai iii. 165 To the expectant host In solemn order did these elds descend.
†4. Antiquity, duration of existence; time considered as a destroying or wearing agency. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [noun] > as a destructive agency
eldc1374
c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 12 That eeld which that all can frete and bite.
1602 R. Tyrie 5 Godlie Serm. 64 Eld eateth al things.
a1667 Bp. J. Taylor Serm. Suppl. (1678) 148 An old sore..by its eld almost habituate.
1742 W. Shenstone School-mistress xi In Elbow-chair..By the sharp Tooth of cank'ring Eld defac'd.
5.
a. Antiquity, the olden time. men, times, etc. of eld = men, etc. of old. poetic and archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > [noun] > time long past or long ago
fern-daysOE
yesterdayOE
antiquityc1375
ancienty1489
eldc1540
father-age1633
auld lang syne1666
(the) year one1754
ancientry1755
aforetime1803
good (also bad) old days1828
long-ago1831
eld-time1845
the year dot1857
old times1898
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11881 Hit is said oftsythes with sere men of elde, The last Ioy of ioly men Ioynys with sorow.
1640 J. Gower tr. Ovid Festivalls i. 11 In times of eld men pleased the powers of heaven.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. xciii. 58 Lands that contain the monuments of Eld.
1834 Ld. Houghton Eld Blessed by the Eld, Its echoes and its shades.
1847 H. W. Longfellow Evangeline Prel. 3 The murmuring pines and the hemlocks..Stand like Druids of eld.
b. People of the olden time, antiquity (personified). poetic and archaic.Chiefly in Shakespeare's phrase ‘superstitious eld’.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iv. iv. 35 The superstitious..Eld Receiu'd..This tale of Herne the Hunter, for a truth. View more context for this quotation
1823 W. Scott Peveril II. iii. 63 Tradition and superstitious eld..had filled up the long blank of accurate information.
1830 W. Scott Monastery (new ed.) I. Introd. p. v Superstitious eld..has tenanted the deserted groves with aerial beings.
†6. An age of the world, a secular period. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > period > [noun] > of the world or history
eldOE
timeOE
worldOE
oldc1175
timea1382
epoch1629
era1741
lapse1758
age1827
canon1833
olam1870
OE Guthlac B 835 Þær he no þorfte lifes ne lissa in þam leohtan ham þurh ælda tid ende gebidan.
c1000 Ælfric Homilies in Sweet (1879) 60 Seo þridde yld wæs ða wuniende oð David.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 705 Ðis oðer werldes elde is so: A ðhusent ger, seuenti and two.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21847 Sex eildes ha we broght in place.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9230 Blissed be sco þat us has spedd þat we þe elds four has redd.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ii. ix. 77 Wytht-in þe ferd Eylde Yrland Was to þe Scottis obeyssande.
1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados vii. xi. 89 Seculus..al eildis..schawis vs Engenerit was, by the god vlcanus.

Compounds

eld-time n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > [noun] > time long past or long ago
fern-daysOE
yesterdayOE
antiquityc1375
ancienty1489
eldc1540
father-age1633
auld lang syne1666
(the) year one1754
ancientry1755
aforetime1803
good (also bad) old days1828
long-ago1831
eld-time1845
the year dot1857
old times1898
1845 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 135 In the eld-time.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† eldn.3

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: needle n.
Etymology: Variant of needle n. (compare β. forms at that entry) with metanalysis (see N n.).
Middle English ane eld = a neld, a needle n.
ΚΠ
a1400–50 Alexander 1370 So nere, vnethes at ane eld miȝt narowly betwene.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

eldadj.

Brit. /ɛld/, U.S. /ɛld/
Etymology: Representing Middle English eld(e , Old English (West Saxon) eald (see old adj.); the modern word may however be newly < eld n.2
poetic and archaic.
a. Occasionally used in poetry for old adj. (see for earlier instances).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [adjective] > old (of beings, etc.)
oldeOE
winteredeOE
oldlyOE
over-oldOE
eldernc1175
at-oldc1200
stricken on, in age, in eldec1380
oldlya1382
(well, far, etc.) stepped in age, in or into yearsc1386
ancientc1400
aged1420
well-agedc1450
ripec1480
passing oldc1485
(well) shot in years1530
old aged1535
agey1547
Ogygian1567
strucken1576
oldish1580
stricken in yearsa1586
declined1591
far1591
struck1597
Nestorian1605
overripe1605
elderly1611
eld1619
antiquated1631
enaged1631
thorough-old1639
emerita1643
grandevous1647
magnaevous1727
badgerly1753
(as) old as the hills1819
olden days1823
crusted1833
long in the tooth1841
oldened1854
mature1867
over the hill1950
the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [adjective] > ancient or of early origin
oldeOE
olden daysa1400
for-oldc1400
ancient1475
(as) old as Adama1599
antiquary1599
high1601
primal1604
hoary1609
grandeval1650
Noachal1661
patriarchal1806
(as) old as the hills1819
world-old1837
eld1854
age-old1860
far-back1869
Noachian1874
pornial1883
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 137 Elde, or olde, for-weryde [1499 eeld, or worne], vetustus, detritus, inveteratus.]
1619 H. Hutton Satyricall Epigrams in Follie's Anat. sig. C8 Steward..To sum their commons; as eld seruants vse.
1854 S. T. Dobell Balder xxvii. 185 Ye eld And sager gods.
b. quasi-n.
ΚΠ
1592 W. Wyrley Capitall de Buz in True Vse Armorie 147 That pleasant sweet content That diuers eld haue found within a wall.
1796 S. T. Coleridge Destiny of Nations To the tottering eld Still as a daughter would she run.
1830 W. Phillips Mt. Sinai ii. 364 That eld august Came out from Israel.
1830 W. Phillips Mt. Sinai iii. 165 To the expectant host In solemn order did these elds descend.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† eldv.1

Forms: Middle English æld-en, Middle English eld-en, eld-e, Middle English eeld-en, eelde, 1500s eld, Scottish eild. See also old v.
Etymology: In southern dialects representing Old English (West Saxon) ealdian ( < type *alđôjan , not represented in any other language), < eald , old adj.; the equivalent Mercian form < *aldian survived in Middle English as olde adj. The midland and northern instances of eld(en , eeld(en , eild , probably belong formally to eld v.2 (type *alđjan).
Obsolete.
1. intransitive. To grow old.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > be or seem old [verb (intransitive)] > grow old
oldeOE
eldc1175
to fall in (also to) agea1398
forlive1398
hoara1420
runa1425
age1440
veterate1623
senesce1656
olden1700
wane1821
to get on in years1822
senilize1841
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 18830 All iss itt whilwendlike þing. Þatt eldeþþ & forrwurrþeþþ.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1467 Þa ældede [c1300 Otho holdede] þe king.
a1300 E.E. Psalter ci. 27 (M.) As kleþinge elde sal alle þai.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Josh. xii. 1 Thou hast eeldid, and art of loong age.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 137 Eelden, agyn.
1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) i. viii. 39 They be paynted lyke yong men..in token that they..elden not.
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. vi. i. f. 65v/1 This Valeriane..eildit in..miserabyll seruitude.
2. transitive. To make old.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > make old [verb (transitive)]
eldc1400
age1530
enage1593
autumn1661
senilize1841
olden1850
c1400 Rom. Rose 392 Tyme..eldith our auncessours And eldith kynges and emperours.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† eldv.2

Forms: Also Old English eld-an, (West Saxon ield-an, yld-an), Middle English eld-en.
Etymology: Old English ęldan (in West Saxon ięldan , yldan ) = Old High German alten to delay (also more literally to make or become old) < Old Germanic *alđjan , < *aldo- old adj.
Obsolete.
transitive and intransitive. To put off to a later time, defer, delay.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)]
forslowc888
eldc897
forsita940
gele971
lengOE
drilla1300
delayc1300
onfrestc1300
tarryc1320
jornc1330
dretchc1380
defer1382
forbida1387
to put offa1387
to put (also set) (something) in (or on) delaya1393
dilate1399
fordrawa1400
to put overc1410
latch?c1422
adjournc1425
prolongc1425
proloynec1425
rejournc1425
to put in respite1428
sleuthc1430
respitea1450
prorogue1453
refer1466
sleep1470
supersede1482
respectc1487
postpone1496
overseta1500
respett1500
enjourna1513
relong1523
retract1524
tarde1524
track1524
to fode forth1525
tract1527
protract1528
further1529
to make stay of1530
surcease1530
prorogate1534
to fay upon longc1540
linger1543
retard?1543
slake1544
procrastine1548
reprieve1548
remit1550
suspense1556
leave1559
shiftc1562
suspend1566
procrastinate1569
dally1574
post1577
to hold off1580
drift1584
loiter1589
postpose1598
to take one's (own) timea1602
flag1602
slug1605
elong1610
belay1613
demur1613
tardya1616
to hang up1623
frist1637
disjourn1642
future1642
off1642
waive1653
superannuate1655
perendinate1656
stave1664
detard1675
remora1686
to put back1718
withhold1726
protract1737
to keep over1847
to hold over1853
laten1860
to lay over1885
hold1891
back-burner1975
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxi. 152 Se lareow ieldende secð ðone timan.
a1121 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1100 Þeah þe ic hit læng ylde.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 21 Þe wrecche sunfulle ne elde nawiht þet he ne ga to bote þe wile he mei.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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n.1c1200n.2971n.3a1400adj.1592v.1c1175v.2c897
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