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单词 almaçur
释义

almaçurn.

Brit. /ˈalməsʊə/, U.S. /ˈælməˌsʊ(ə)r/
Forms: Middle English almacur, Middle English almatour (perhaps transmission error), 1800s almasour, 1900s– almacour, 1900s– almaçour, 1900s– almaçur.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French almaçur.
Etymology: < Old French almaçur Saracen prince, emir (c1100 in the Chanson de Roland, e.g. in the passages translated in quots. 1880, 1919; Middle French amachour (a1400)), ultimately < Arabic al-manṣūr ( < al the + manṣūr aided (by God), victorious, triumphant, passive participle of naṣara to help, aid, assist, to make (a person) victorious), title of several Arab rulers (see below); the Arabic word may perhaps have entered French via Spanish †Almançor (second half of the 11th cent.; now Almanzor), name given by Christian chroniclers to the late 10th-cent. de facto ruler of Muslim al-Andalus (see below) and other Muslim rulers.Arabic al-manṣūr is first attested as a title of the second Abbasid caliph, ʿAbū Jaʿfar ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī (a713–775, caliph from 754), and subsequently of two other caliphs and several rulers. To medieval Europeans, the best-known bearer of the title was ʿAbū Āmir Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbū ʿĀmir al-Maʿāfirī (938–1002), the de facto ruler of Muslim al-Andalus, whose full title was al-manṣūr bi-llāh, literally ’the Victorious One in God’; he became famous and feared throughout Western Christendom as a result of his military campaigns. The use as a common noun is an Old French semantic development not paralleled in either Spanish or Arabic.
rare.
A person of high rank or status; a grandee.Only with reference to Saracens, in translations or adaptations of Old French texts.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > earl, count, or countess > [noun] > grandee
almaçurc1400
grandee1593
grand1606
clarissimo1607
grando1608
adelantado1612
grandio1650
alconde1793
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 3042 After hym spaak Dalmadas—A riche almacur [a1425 Linc. Inn Almatour] he was.
1880 J. O'Hagan tr. Song of Roland ii. ci. 118 At the Almasour's shield Duke Samson rode [Fr. Sansun li dux vait ferir l'almaçur].
1904 I. Butler tr. Song of Roland i. 30 Dukes, and almaçurs, and emirs.
1989 N. Daniel in H. W. Hazard & N. P. Zacour Hist. Crusades VI. ii. 65 Besides the ‘amurafle’ and ‘almaçur’.
2006 S. Kinoshita tr. Floire et Blancheflor in Medieval Boundaries 99 Kings and emperors come, along with dukes, counts and almaçours.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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