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Almainn.adj. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French aleman. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman alemaun, almand, alaman, allemaund, Anglo-Norman and Middle French aleman, Middle French allemand, allemant, (plural) allemans (French allemand ) (adjective) German (c1100 in Old French), (noun) native or inhabitant of Germany (c1100), the German language (13th cent.) < post-classical Latin Alamannus (see Alemanni n.). In α. and γ. forms apparently influenced by Almain , Alemaigne , etc., former name of Germany (see note) or its Anglo-Norman and French etymon. Compare Anglo-Norman almaigne native or inhabitant of Germany (a1382), Middle French almaigne kind of dance (a1405), both rare. In sense A. 2 by association with Middle French, French allemande (feminine noun) kind of dance and dance music (see allemande n.) and in later use also with allemande n. Compare Old Occitan alaman (mid 12th cent.), Catalan alemany (late 13th cent. as alamayn ), Portuguese alemão (13th cent.), all in sense ‘German’; also Italian alemanno Alemannic (late 13th cent. as alamanno , formerly also sometimes in sense ‘German’). Compare also Spanish alemán (beginning of the 13th cent.), probably < French, Occitan, or Catalan (which would explain the unexpected form of the final consonant). Compare also the foreign-language forms cited at Alemanni n. and also at Alemannish adj. Compare German n. and Dutch n.1Form development in French. The final dental in Middle French allemant , allemand (compare δ. forms) apparently developed by analogy with adjectives ending in -ant (with plurals in -anz , -ans ) and -and (with feminines in -ande ). Compare the French forms cited at Norman n.1 (and compare also Normand n., Normand adj.). Notes on particular uses. With †High Almain (in quot. 1594 at sense A. 1) compare High German n. With use as adjective compare earlier Almainish (apparently only in Laȝamon; < the name of Almain (see below) + -ish suffix1), used with reference to early Germanic history (compare Alemannic adj. and Alemannish adj.):c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2735 Faren to Alemainne... Þa Almainnisce [c1300 Otho Alemanisse] men weoren.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10290 Þat Alemainisce uolc, þat us hæfeð ihærmed, & þat Sæxisce uolc. Origin of the place name. The place name as found in Middle English (see below) is < Anglo-Norman Allemaine , Almaine , Alemeyne , etc., Anglo-Norman and Old French Alemaigne , the name of Germany (13th cent. or earlier; French Allemagne ) < post-classical Latin Alamannia , Alemannia , the name of the territory of the Alamanni (4th cent. or earlier), the name of an autonomous region under the Merovingian and Carolingian Franks (6th cent.), a name of the duchy of Swabia, which grew out of this region (10th cent.), a name of Germany (12th cent. or earlier, especially with reference to the Holy Roman Empire) < Alemanni , plural noun (see Alemanni n.) + -ia -y suffix3. Compare Old Occitan Alamagna (mid 12th cent.), Catalan Alemanya (late 13th cent. as Alamanya ), Spanish Alemania (13th cent.), Portuguese Alemanha (15th cent.). In Britain, the Romance form of the name survives in Welsh yr Almaen Germany (14th cent.), Middle Cornish, Cornish Almayn , both probably < Anglo-Norman. History of the name in English. The place name Almain is attested in English contexts from the 13th cent. onwards (compare earlier Almany : see Almanie n.); variants include the following: eME Alamaine, Alemainne, ME Alemaigne, Alemaine, Almaign, Almayne, Almeyn, Almeyne, lME Alemeyne, Allemayne, ME–15 Almaigne, ME–18 Almaine, lME– Almain, 15 Almen, also Sc. pre-17 Almaynhe, Almane; N.E.D. (1884) also records a form ME Almegne. The name became rare in the 18th cent. and is now only used historically. Compare the following examples in English contexts:c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 990 His folc wes ihaten Sexuns, of ane ende of Alemaine.c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 1066 Forþ he went in-to Speyne, & after in-to Almeyne.1480 Cronicles Eng. (Caxton) ccxl. sig. r6v Hir fadre was Emperour of Almaigne.1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 14 The emperar of Almen.1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 10 Fredericke the Third Emperour of Almaine.1729 (title) The merchants of Almain, commonly called the Hansee towns, appellants. Sir Jacob Jacobson Knight, and Theodore Jacobson Esq; merchants, respondents.1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain iii. xxxv. 188 Ivory skin and tress of gold Her shy and bashful comrade told For daughter of Almaine.1993 A. Rooney Hunting in Middle Eng. Lit. iii. 74 Guy [of Warwick] rides out to meet the emperor of Almain while he is known to be hunting.Earlier occurrence in surnames. Attested earlier as a surname: e.g. John Aleman (1199), Walter le Aleman (1200), John le Alemaund (1284), although it is uncertain whether these should be interpreted as reflecting the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word. A. n.the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] c1330 (?c1300) (Auch.) l. 1998 Þe Almains ben ouer-come. a1375 (c1350) (1867) l. 1165 (MED) Þe almauns seweden sadly. a1464 J. Capgrave (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 93 Fro þis day forward þe empire hath be among þe Almanes. 1560 in C. G. Bayne (1913) iii. 70 Toching the consaill and the confederacion therin towching the Scottes and Almains she said [etc.]. 1594 T. Blundeville iii. ii. vi. f. 181v The Spanish, and the high Almaines. 1635 E. Pagitt (1636) i. iii. 141 The Armenians did gladly receive the Almans. 1698 Life Bl. Prince in (1793) 51 Not only French, but Almains, Dutch. 1759 XII. xv. xi. 280/2 The emperor is in the text called [in Turkish] Alaman Kirali (that is, Krâl, or king of the Almains). 1821 W. Scott I. viii. 205 The jolly Almains whom he commanded, with their slashed doublets and quaint hose. 1929 R. Graves xv. 195 One day at Givenchy the week before last The Allmands attacked and they nearly got past. 2005 (Nexis) 11 Aug. 22 We are still outboozing the Almains and the Hollanders by some margin. 2. society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > lively dances > [noun] > allemande ?1566 J. Phillips sig. E.ii Enter Marques Singing to the tune of the latter Almain. 1584 G. Peele ii. ii. sig. C Knights in armour, treading a warlike Almaine. 1654 iii. 33 An Almain and an upspring that is all. 1888 1 July 398/1 The dance [sc. the Allemande], under the name of ‘Almain’, was known in England nearly a century before the French made it fashionable. 1952 C. Camden vi. 166 Slow, stately dances like the base dances, pavans, and almains were still performed by the older devotees. 1995 J. L. Singman 177 Of the courtly dances imported from France, perhaps the most popular was the almain, which is often found in country as well as courtly contexts. society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > dance music > [noun] > dances used as part of suite 1591 R. Wilmot sig. H4v Before this Acte the Hobaies sounded a lofty Almain. 1597 T. Morley 181 The Alman is a more heauie [measure] then this. 1651 J. Playford (title) A Musicall Banquet. The second [Part] a Collection of New and Choyce Allmans, Corants, and Sarabands, for one Treble and Basse Viol. 1676 T. Shadwell iii. 49 To play, first, a grave Pavin, or Almain. 1740 J. Grassineau tr. S. De Brossard 4 Almain, a sort of air that moves in common time. 1776 J. Hawkins IV. iv. i. 387 The Allemand, Almand, or Almain, as its name imports, is an air originally invented by the Germans. 1882 J. H. Shorthouse (new ed.) II. liii. 14 Sweet dance music, such as Pavins, Almains. 1917 1 June 253/2 Blow's harpsichord music is little known, so I am tempted to give two movements from an unpublished Suite. The first is an Almain. 1991 J. Caldwell I. viii. 469 The manuscript sources include pavans, galliards, almains, and settings of well-known tunes. B. adj.the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [adjective] 1481 R. Cely Let. 16 Oct. in (1975) 114 I pray the send me the aulmen dagar that my brother gaue me. 1531 Bp. W. Barlow sig. k3v Also Butzer playd a lyke pageante wyth Pomerane in translating hys psalter out of latyne into the almayn tonge. c1550 (1979) vi. 52 Thai dancit al cristyn mennis dance,..the alman haye. a1593 C. Marlowe (1604) sig. A2 Almain rutters with their horsemen's staves. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius 907 The Netherlanders belonged no more to the Almain Empire than the French did. 1775 40 The Steel-Yard..was originally a hall of the Almain, Anseatic, or German Merchants. 1831 Apr. 339 Two young Hanoverians..retaining their European dress and a few Almain habits. 1841 R. Browning Pippa Passes ii, in 8/2 An Almaign Kaiser,..Swart-green and gold with truncheon based on hip. 1910 W. G. Collingwood 18 Now of these Dutch or Almain mining folk a word must be set down, that they came to Coniston not twenty year since. 2008 C. Gravett iv. 207 A surviving draft document outlines the details, saying that the men would be provided with a coat of Almain armour. Compounds 1598 J. Florio at Chiaranzana A kind of leape, or hopping or dauncing, as the Alman leape. 1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse i. i. 97 in II And take his Almaine-leape into a custard. a1680 D. Holles Second Let. to Friend in D. Holles et al. (1682) 54 Then my Gentleman (for he is an active Gentleman) makes an Alman leap to the very end of the last leaf of Sir Robert Cotton's Abridgement. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.adj.c1330 |
