ammoniacadj.n.

/əˈməʊnɪæk/

Forms: Middle English armoniak, armonyac, Middle English–1700s armoniac, Middle English armonyak(e, ammonyak, amoniak, 1500s armenicke, 1600s armenac, 1600s–1700s armoniack(e, ammoniack(e, 1600s– ammoniac.

Etymology: < French ammoniac, armoniac, < Latin ammōniac-um, < Greek ἀμμωνιακόν, belonging to Ammon or Ammonia; applied subst. to a salt, and a gum, both obtained from the Libyan region of Ammonia near the shrine of Jupiter Ammon; < Ἄμμων, Greek form of the name of the Egyptian Deity Amûn. The corruption to armoniac found in medieval Latin, French, and English, was perhaps due to an association with the Greek ἁρμονία fastening or joining, from the use of gum ammoniac as a cement, or of sal ammoniac in the joining of metals.

A. adj.

a. in sal ammoniac (Latin sal ammoniacus, French sel ammoniac) i.e. Salt of Ammon, a hard white opaque crystalline salt, supposed to have been originally prepared from the dung of camels near the temple of Jupiter Ammon, as it still is in Egypt; chemically Ammonium Chloride NH₄Cl, formerly called muriate of ammonia; used in tinning iron, in pharmacy, and for the manufacture of Ammonium Alum for the dyer.

ΚΠ

c1386 Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 245 Arsenik, sal armoniak [v.r. armonyak], and brimston.

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 605 Hony, myxt with salt armonyake.

a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence 9 If ȝe wole dissolue þe gold to watir, putte þanne yn þe watir corosyue, Sal armoniac.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World (1634) II. 415 This Ammoniacke salt is corrupted and sophisticate..with the pit salt of Sicily called Cocanicus.

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. v. 20 Sal armoniac is of nature spirituall.

1753 E. Chambers Cycl. Suppl. Suppl. s.v. Ammoniacum, The liquor will be scentless, and of the taste of sal armoniac.

1873 A. W. Williamson Chem. for Students viii. §53 The hydrochlorate can be obtained in crystals..mixed with sal-ammoniac.

b. in bole Armoniac (amoniak), it is a corruption of Armeniac ‘Bole Armoniac or the Armenian Bole is a soft friable fatty earth, usually of a pale red colour.’ Chambers Cycl.

ΚΠ

c1386 Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 238 As bol armoniak [v.r. armonyak, -yac, amoniak], verdegres, boras.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxliii. 275 Cloves, Mace..Bole Armenicke, of eche of them halfe a dramme.

1585 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Health (new ed.) O iij, Take of..Mastycke, Dragons bloud, bole Amonike new, of eche like quantitee.

1627 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman (1634) xiii. 139 Margaritone was..the first that devised laying Gold or Gilding upon Bole Armoniacke to be burnished.

1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) (at cited word), This popularly, though corruptly called in English Bole Armoniac, is called by the naturalists Armenia terra, or Armenian clay.

2. in gum ammoniac, i.e. ‘gum of Ammon,’ a gum-resin, of peculiar smell, and bitterish taste, the inspissated juice of an umbelliferous plant ( Dorema ammoniacum) found wild from North Africa to India, and perhaps of some of its congeners. Employed in medicine, and as a cement.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific

myrrheOE

balsamc1000

galbanec1000

draganta1300

sandragon1334

gum arabica1350

storaxa1382

galbanum1382

asafœtidaa1398

cinnabara1398

guttaa1398

frankincensea1400

labdanuma1400

opopanaxa1400

gum-arabicc1400

sarcocolc1400

ammoniacc1420

gristle?1537

ladanum1551

dragon's blood1555

benzoin1558

styrax1558

tragacanth1558

gum tragacanth1562

amber1565

anime1577

laser1578

benjamin1580

sarcocolla1584

bdellium1585

sagapenum1597

liquidambar1598

red gum1614

gamboge1615

laudanum1616

gum ammoniac1627

male incense1647

sandarac1655

flesh-glue1659

adragant1696

dammar1698

sagapen1712

gum-dragon1718

courbaril1753

gum-senegal1760

Jew's frankincense1760

guggul1813

angico1821

gum-kino1830

butea gum1832

piney varnish1832

Kuteera gum1838

acaroid1839

bumbo1839

thus1842

gum-juniper1844

piney dammar1846

acacine1855

mochras1856

talha1857

copalm balsam1858

gum benjamin1859

wattle-gum1863

Senegal gum1867

Suakin1874

Barbary gum1875

oliva1882

ledon1885

jatoba1890

mimosa gum1890

xylan1894

gum accroides1909

karaya1916

1627 H. Peacham Gentl. Exercise (1634) i. xxi. 67 Take Gumme Armoniacke, and grinde it with the juyce of Garlicke as fine as may be.

1714 French Bk. Rates 92 Gum Armoniack per 100 Weight.

1844 T. J. Graham Mod. Domest. Med. 31 [Tartar emetic]..will operate as an expectorant, when combined with squill, gum ammoniac and camphor.

3. Of the nature of ammonia, ammoniacal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > bases > [adjective] > of or relating to ammonia

ammoniac1646

ammoniacal1732

volatile-alkaline1767

ammonial1818

ammonic1869

ammonical1869

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 322 Also a volatile or Armoniac Salt.

1768 D. Monro in Philos. Trans. 1767 (Royal Soc.) 57 511, I saturated some of it with the volatile ammoniac salt.

1869 Eng. Mech. 30 Apr. 133/2 Samples of Ammoniac Sulphate.

B. n.

1. = gum ammoniac: see A. 2. Also in Latin form, ammoniacum.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific

myrrheOE

balsamc1000

galbanec1000

draganta1300

sandragon1334

gum arabica1350

storaxa1382

galbanum1382

asafœtidaa1398

cinnabara1398

guttaa1398

frankincensea1400

labdanuma1400

opopanaxa1400

gum-arabicc1400

sarcocolc1400

ammoniacc1420

gristle?1537

ladanum1551

dragon's blood1555

benzoin1558

styrax1558

tragacanth1558

gum tragacanth1562

amber1565

anime1577

laser1578

benjamin1580

sarcocolla1584

bdellium1585

sagapenum1597

liquidambar1598

red gum1614

gamboge1615

laudanum1616

gum ammoniac1627

male incense1647

sandarac1655

flesh-glue1659

adragant1696

dammar1698

sagapen1712

gum-dragon1718

courbaril1753

gum-senegal1760

Jew's frankincense1760

guggul1813

angico1821

gum-kino1830

butea gum1832

piney varnish1832

Kuteera gum1838

acaroid1839

bumbo1839

thus1842

gum-juniper1844

piney dammar1846

acacine1855

mochras1856

talha1857

copalm balsam1858

gum benjamin1859

wattle-gum1863

Senegal gum1867

Suakin1874

Barbary gum1875

oliva1882

ledon1885

jatoba1890

mimosa gum1890

xylan1894

gum accroides1909

karaya1916

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 1120 White wex, hardde pitch, remysse ammonyak Thees three comixt.

1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 61^v, The..Hammoniacum dissolued in Uineger must bee boyled.

1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. s.v. Armoniaque, Armoniake, Armoniacum.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World (1634) II. 180 Since we are fallen into the mention of Gums, it will not be amisse to treat of Ammoniack.

1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 193 The Fennel bearing Ammoniack grows plentifully in the Deserts of Lybia.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word), The good Ammoniac is of a high Colour.

1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 529 The influence of ammoniac upon the general system is very slight.

1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 601 Ammoniacum resembles the Persian drug.

†2. = ammonia. [modern French ammoniaque.] Obs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > bases > [noun] > named alkalis or bases > ammonia

volatile alkali1682

ammoniac1791

volalkali1796

ammonia1799

1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Art of Dyeing I. i. i. iii. 46 The colour may be restored by means of chalk or ammoniac (volatile alkali).

1802 Chenevix Chem. Nomencl. 55 Ammoniac is a term, which Mrs. Fulhame..has expressed a desire to see changed. I agree with her in preferring Ammonia.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1884; most recently modified version published online March 2011).

单词	ammoniac
释义	ammoniacadj.n. /əˈməʊnɪæk/ Forms: Middle English armoniak, armonyac, Middle English–1700s armoniac, Middle English armonyak(e, ammonyak, amoniak, 1500s armenicke, 1600s armenac, 1600s–1700s armoniack(e, ammoniack(e, 1600s– ammoniac. Etymology: < French ammoniac, armoniac, < Latin ammōniac-um, < Greek ἀμμωνιακόν, belonging to Ammon or Ammonia; applied subst. to a salt, and a gum, both obtained from the Libyan region of Ammonia near the shrine of Jupiter Ammon; < Ἄμμων, Greek form of the name of the Egyptian Deity Amûn. The corruption to armoniac found in medieval Latin, French, and English, was perhaps due to an association with the Greek ἁρμονία fastening or joining, from the use of gum ammoniac as a cement, or of sal ammoniac in the joining of metals. A. adj. 1. a. in sal ammoniac (Latin sal ammoniacus, French sel ammoniac) i.e. Salt of Ammon, a hard white opaque crystalline salt, supposed to have been originally prepared from the dung of camels near the temple of Jupiter Ammon, as it still is in Egypt; chemically Ammonium Chloride NH₄Cl, formerly called muriate of ammonia; used in tinning iron, in pharmacy, and for the manufacture of Ammonium Alum for the dyer. ΚΠ c1386 Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 245 Arsenik, sal armoniak [v.r. armonyak], and brimston. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 605 Hony, myxt with salt armonyake. a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence 9 If ȝe wole dissolue þe gold to watir, putte þanne yn þe watir corosyue, Sal armoniac. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World (1634) II. 415 This Ammoniacke salt is corrupted and sophisticate..with the pit salt of Sicily called Cocanicus. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. v. 20 Sal armoniac is of nature spirituall. 1753 E. Chambers Cycl. Suppl. Suppl. s.v. Ammoniacum, The liquor will be scentless, and of the taste of sal armoniac. 1873 A. W. Williamson Chem. for Students viii. §53 The hydrochlorate can be obtained in crystals..mixed with sal-ammoniac. b. in bole Armoniac (amoniak), it is a corruption of Armeniac ‘Bole Armoniac or the Armenian Bole is a soft friable fatty earth, usually of a pale red colour.’ Chambers Cycl. ΚΠ c1386 Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 238 As bol armoniak [v.r. armonyak, -yac, amoniak], verdegres, boras. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxliii. 275 Cloves, Mace..Bole Armenicke, of eche of them halfe a dramme. 1585 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Health (new ed.) O iij, Take of..Mastycke, Dragons bloud, bole Amonike new, of eche like quantitee. 1627 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman (1634) xiii. 139 Margaritone was..the first that devised laying Gold or Gilding upon Bole Armoniacke to be burnished. 1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) (at cited word), This popularly, though corruptly called in English Bole Armoniac, is called by the naturalists Armenia terra, or Armenian clay. 2. in gum ammoniac, i.e. ‘gum of Ammon,’ a gum-resin, of peculiar smell, and bitterish taste, the inspissated juice of an umbelliferous plant ( Dorema ammoniacum) found wild from North Africa to India, and perhaps of some of its congeners. Employed in medicine, and as a cement. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific myrrheOE balsamc1000 galbanec1000 draganta1300 sandragon1334 gum arabica1350 storaxa1382 galbanum1382 asafœtidaa1398 cinnabara1398 guttaa1398 frankincensea1400 labdanuma1400 opopanaxa1400 gum-arabicc1400 sarcocolc1400 ammoniacc1420 gristle?1537 ladanum1551 dragon's blood1555 benzoin1558 styrax1558 tragacanth1558 gum tragacanth1562 amber1565 anime1577 laser1578 benjamin1580 sarcocolla1584 bdellium1585 sagapenum1597 liquidambar1598 red gum1614 gamboge1615 laudanum1616 gum ammoniac1627 male incense1647 sandarac1655 flesh-glue1659 adragant1696 dammar1698 sagapen1712 gum-dragon1718 courbaril1753 gum-senegal1760 Jew's frankincense1760 guggul1813 angico1821 gum-kino1830 butea gum1832 piney varnish1832 Kuteera gum1838 acaroid1839 bumbo1839 thus1842 gum-juniper1844 piney dammar1846 acacine1855 mochras1856 talha1857 copalm balsam1858 gum benjamin1859 wattle-gum1863 Senegal gum1867 Suakin1874 Barbary gum1875 oliva1882 ledon1885 jatoba1890 mimosa gum1890 xylan1894 gum accroides1909 karaya1916 1627 H. Peacham Gentl. Exercise (1634) i. xxi. 67 Take Gumme Armoniacke, and grinde it with the juyce of Garlicke as fine as may be. 1714 French Bk. Rates 92 Gum Armoniack per 100 Weight. 1844 T. J. Graham Mod. Domest. Med. 31 [Tartar emetic]..will operate as an expectorant, when combined with squill, gum ammoniac and camphor. 3. Of the nature of ammonia, ammoniacal. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > bases > [adjective] > of or relating to ammonia ammoniac1646 ammoniacal1732 volatile-alkaline1767 ammonial1818 ammonic1869 ammonical1869 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 322 Also a volatile or Armoniac Salt. View more context for this quotation 1768 D. Monro in Philos. Trans. 1767 (Royal Soc.) 57 511, I saturated some of it with the volatile ammoniac salt. 1869 Eng. Mech. 30 Apr. 133/2 Samples of Ammoniac Sulphate. B. n. 1. = gum ammoniac: see A. 2. Also in Latin form, ammoniacum. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific myrrheOE balsamc1000 galbanec1000 draganta1300 sandragon1334 gum arabica1350 storaxa1382 galbanum1382 asafœtidaa1398 cinnabara1398 guttaa1398 frankincensea1400 labdanuma1400 opopanaxa1400 gum-arabicc1400 sarcocolc1400 ammoniacc1420 gristle?1537 ladanum1551 dragon's blood1555 benzoin1558 styrax1558 tragacanth1558 gum tragacanth1562 amber1565 anime1577 laser1578 benjamin1580 sarcocolla1584 bdellium1585 sagapenum1597 liquidambar1598 red gum1614 gamboge1615 laudanum1616 gum ammoniac1627 male incense1647 sandarac1655 flesh-glue1659 adragant1696 dammar1698 sagapen1712 gum-dragon1718 courbaril1753 gum-senegal1760 Jew's frankincense1760 guggul1813 angico1821 gum-kino1830 butea gum1832 piney varnish1832 Kuteera gum1838 acaroid1839 bumbo1839 thus1842 gum-juniper1844 piney dammar1846 acacine1855 mochras1856 talha1857 copalm balsam1858 gum benjamin1859 wattle-gum1863 Senegal gum1867 Suakin1874 Barbary gum1875 oliva1882 ledon1885 jatoba1890 mimosa gum1890 xylan1894 gum accroides1909 karaya1916 c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 1120 White wex, hardde pitch, remysse ammonyak Thees three comixt. 1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 61^v, The..Hammoniacum dissolued in Uineger must bee boyled. 1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. s.v. Armoniaque, Armoniake, Armoniacum. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World (1634) II. 180 Since we are fallen into the mention of Gums, it will not be amisse to treat of Ammoniack. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 193 The Fennel bearing Ammoniack grows plentifully in the Deserts of Lybia. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word), The good Ammoniac is of a high Colour. 1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 529 The influence of ammoniac upon the general system is very slight. 1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 601 Ammoniacum resembles the Persian drug. †2. = ammonia. [modern French ammoniaque.] Obs. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > bases > [noun] > named alkalis or bases > ammonia volatile alkali1682 ammoniac1791 volalkali1796 ammonia1799 1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Art of Dyeing I. i. i. iii. 46 The colour may be restored by means of chalk or ammoniac (volatile alkali). 1802 Chenevix Chem. Nomencl. 55 Ammoniac is a term, which Mrs. Fulhame..has expressed a desire to see changed. I agree with her in preferring Ammonia. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1884; most recently modified version published online March 2011). < adj.n.c1386
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