单词 | drown |
释义 | drownv. I. Intransitive.Considered ‘unusual’ by N.E.D. in 1897. 1. To suffer death by submersion in water; to perish by suffocation under water (or other liquid). ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > manner of death > die in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > die of drowning adrinkeOE drunkenc950 drenchc1000 adrenchc1230 drenklec1330 drown1382 fordrench1430 to be food for fishes1561 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 24867 Al mon we druen [Fairf. 14 droun, Vesp. drun]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11793 Pharaon, Wit al his folk..Al þai drund in þe se. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 256 b/1 He fylle in the water and drowned. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xiv. 358 Thai in perell war till droune. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 30 Narcissus..for loue of eccho..drounit in ane drau vel. 1654 D. Osborne Lett. (1888) lxii. 292 If I drown by the way, this will be my last letter. 1856 L. H. Grindon Life viii. 66 The bird and the mammal drown if submerged in water. 1924 A. D. Sedgwick Little French Girl i. viii. 70 She had the sensation of drowning yet of keeping calm while she drowned. 1928 Manch. Guardian Weekly 31 Aug. 152/1 Public opinion is like the crowd that watches a man drown while convinced that something ought to be done. 1970 Which? June 171/1 Become exhausted and drown without lifejacket. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (intransitive)] > be crushed or stifled bechekec1175 drowna1300 smoor1508 chokea1593 a1300 Cursor Mundi 24857 Þair scip ai redi for to drun [v.r. droun]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 1532 Þis werlde sulde come til ende to droun or wiþ fire be brende. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 182 Trubbill weddyr makes schippis to droun. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. (1812) I. cxx. 144 One of the scafoldes drowned in ye water, and the moost part of them that were within it. II. Transitive. 3. a. To suffocate (a person or animal) by submersion in water (or other liquid).Mostly with personal agent, or reflexive or passive; but also said of the action of the water. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by drowning adrenchOE drunkenc1175 ofdrunkenc1175 drenchc1200 drowna1300 drenklea1325 drunka1375 stiflea1387 drinkc1425 overfleetc1425 bishop1840 a1300 Cursor Mundi 1652 I sal þam alle in watur droun [v.rr. drenkil, drenche]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5592 Pharaon þat king felun þat badd þe childer for to drun [Fairf. droun]. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxxiii. 151 Sum ware drouned by violence of þe wawes. ?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Dii Ther they drowne theym self. 1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay sig. Hvv Thay var drunit in ye fluid. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV 239 b He..was prively drouned in a But of Malvesey. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 109 [He] here leaped in, and drouned himselfe. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 178 The last flood did drowne the greatest part of the Inhabitants. 1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 149 The earth shall..drown him in her dry and gusty gulfs. 1853 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 5) Prol. 3 Part were drown'd within the whirling brook. 1869 C. Gibbon Robin Gray iv My faither's drooned. b. figurative. (Also reflexive.) ΚΠ 1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) 1 Esdras iii. 23 Whanne thei han be drowned of wyn..thei han no mynde what thinges thei diden. 1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde Pref. sig. aiijv Men..drowned in the deluge of erroure. 1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 435 They drown themselves in drink. 1788 F. Burney Diary 29 Nov. (1842) IV. 341 Her Majesty..drowned in tears. 1827 R. Pollok Course of Time II. vii. 89 He drowned himself in sleep, In wine. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > dip or plunge into liquid > cause to sink in a liquid senchOE asenchOE sinkc1175 drenchc1200 adrenchc1300 drenklea1325 submerse?a1425 drownc1465 submerge1490 sommerse1632 whelm1725 whemmel1824 c1465 Eng. Chron. (Camden) 43 On of the grettist carrakez..was so rent and bored in the sides..that sone aftir it was dround. c1500 Melusine (1895) xxxvi. 270 His peuple assaylled strongly, and drowned foure of the sarasyns shippes. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 46 Brasse and lead in the masse or lumpe sinke downe and are drowned. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ii. 66 In that fight [Lepanto] there was taken and drowned 180 of Turkish Gallies. 5. a. To lay under or cover with water, etc.; to submerge, flood, inundate, deluge; to drench. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being or making very wet > make very wet [verb (transitive)] drenchc1000 washc1275 drowna1300 drunkena1300 drunka1382 bewetc1400 bedrenchc1450 bucka1513 sowp1513 drooka1522 sousea1542 soaken1577 overdrown1579 soss1587 embay1590 steep1590 overdrencha1592 embathe1593 indrench1593 imbue1594 douse1606 besob1609 bucket1621 sob1625 dash1670 sop1682 saturate1696 float1729 water1754 sodden1812 douche1864 poach1881 tosh1883 sod1895 a1300 Cursor Mundi 1532 Þat þis werld suld cum til end, Or drund wit watur, or wit fir brend. a1513 W. Dunbar Ballat Passioun in Poems (1998) I. 37 My visage all in watter drownit. 1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 19 The watter of the Temse by excesse of floode..incresid on the londe unto Populer, and drownyd many howsys and feldes and medowes. 1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 353 When the Fens are drowned. 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 10 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) Several good Collieries..lye unwrought and drowned for want of such Noble Engines. 1861 W. J. M. Rankine Man. Steam Engine 151 A weir is said to be drowned when the water in the channel below it is higher than its crest. b. to drown out: to put or drive out by inundation; to stop (works, etc.) or drive (people, etc.) from their habitation by flooding. ΚΠ 1851 S. Judd Margaret (rev. ed.) i. iii Chilion fished, hunted, laid traps for foxes, drowned out woodchucks. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 28 Aug. 3/2 The [Severn Tunnel] works were constantly ‘drowned out’. 1890 S. W. Baker Wild Beasts I. 186 During inundations the islands are frequently drowned out. 1894 Daily News 23 Nov. 6/7 Deserted cottages, whose tenants had..been ‘drowned out’. c. Tobacco culture. passive. To be injured by long-continued rain followed by hot sunshine. ΚΠ 1897 Yearbk. U.S. Dept. Agric. 33 This tobacco was cut after being drowned or scalded. 6. a. transferred and figurative. To overwhelm, to overpower, by rising above like a flood; to immerse or smother; to overpower (sound) by greater loudness. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm > specifically of things to come over ——OE accumberc1275 encumber1377 drown1398 overbear1535 to usurp on or upon1594 overact1649 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) iii. xiii. 57 The more the resonable soule drowneth hym in to the body the more slowely and the lesse perfytely he vnderstondyth. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18361 Þou slockens al vr sin; þou has þam drund and don forfare. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 29 They wych have theyr myndys drownyd in the vayn plesurys of thys lyfe. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 33/2 in Chron. I Luds gate,..vnto this day it is called Ludgate, the .s. only drowned in ye pronunciation of the word. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. I1v The sound..was drowned by some lowder noise. View more context for this quotation 1665 J. Glanvill Sciri Tuum: Authors Defense 53 in Scepsis Scientifica Vice drowns the noble Idea's of the Soul. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 43/1 Little pieces of..Stone..which they perfectly drowned in Mortar. 1772 W. Jones Poems 31 His heav'nly charms..drown'd her senses in a flood of light. 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xiii. 175 Yells drowned his voice. ΚΠ 1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. ix. §584. 254 If the estate in remainder or in reversion be such an estate wherein the particular estate may be drowned. 1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. ix. §589. 256 An estate for life cannot drown in an estate for yeares. 1661 J. Stephens Hist. Disc. Procur. 54 Estates in land are properly drowned or confounded, when a lesser estate concurs with a greater in the same person, and in the same right. 1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. IV. 159 The term in possession was quite gone and drowned in the reversion. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.a1300 |
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