dukkhan.

Brit.

/ˈduːkə/, U.S.

/ˈdukə/

Forms:

α. 1800s– duhkha, 1800s– duhkkha (rare).

β. 1900s– dukha, 1900s– dukhkha (rare), 1900s– dukka, 1900s– dukkha.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Pali. Partly a borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymons: Pali dukkha; Sanskrit duḥkha.

Etymology: < (i) Pali dukkha, and its etymon (ii) Sanskrit duḥkha, specific (Buddhist) use of duḥkha discomfort, suffering < dus- bad, ill- (see dys- prefix) + -kha (in sukha (adjective) comfortable, (noun) happiness, joy).The α. forms reflect the Sanskrit word; the β. forms largely (and originally) reflect the Pali word, although some of these (especially dukka) have been anglicized to an extent that the distinction has become obscured. Compare the following earlier example of the Pali word in an English context:1845 T. A. Wise Comm. on Hindu Syst. Med. 194 Disease is therefore the pain (dukkha) of the soul.

Buddhism.

Suffering or discomfort which arises as a result of the transitory nature of all phenomena, and is inherent in every aspect of human existence; physical or mental affliction or disharmony.One of the three fundamental aspects of existence, together with anitya or anicca (see anitya n., anicca n.), and anatman or anatta (see anatman n., anatta n.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun]

sorec888

teeneOE

sorrowOE

workOE

wrakeOE

careOE

gramec1000

harmOE

howc1000

trayOE

woweOE

angec1175

derfnessc1175

sytec1175

unwinc1175

wosithc1200

ail?c1225

barrat?c1225

derf?c1225

grief?c1225

misease?c1225

misliking?c1225

ofthinkingc1225

passion?c1225

troublec1230

pinec1275

distress1297

grievancea1300

penancea1300

cumbermentc1300

languorc1300

cumbering1303

were1303

angera1325

strifea1325

sweama1325

woea1325

painc1330

tribulationc1330

illa1340

threst1340

constraintc1374

troublenessc1380

afflictiona1382

bruisinga1382

miseasetya1382

pressurec1384

exercisec1386

miscomfortc1390

mislikea1400

smarta1400

thronga1400

balec1400

painfulnessc1400

troublancec1400

smartness?c1425

painliness1435

perplexity?a1439

penalty?1462

calamity1490

penality1496

cumber?a1513

sussy1513

tribule1513

afflict?1529

vexation of spirit1535

troublesomeness1561

hoe1567

grievedness1571

tribulance1575

languishment1576

thrall1578

tine1590

languorment1593

aggrievedness1594

obturbation1623

afflictedness1646

erumny1657

pathos1684

shock1705

dree1791

vex1815

wrungnessa1875

dukkha1886

thinkache1892

sufferation1976

society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Buddhism > [noun] > concepts in

satori1727

karma1785

prajna1828

sunyata1828

dharma1829

Buddha dharma1853

middle way1863

Eightfold Path1870

middle path1877

Noble Truth1877

anitya1882

dukkha1886

anatman1894

Buddha dhamma1894

anatta1904

anicca1904

no-self1921

no-mind1934

nothingness1940

no-thought1949

no-mindness1959

1886 J. Legge in tr. Faxian Rec. Buddhistic Kingdoms xx. 57 ‘Misery’ is a necessary condition of all sentient existence; this is duḥkha.

1919 Theosophical Outlook 12 Apr. 116/2 We can not hold fast [to] youth or love or health or life itself... This is the sorrow of the world, the Dukka..of the old doctrine.

1966 Dalai Lama XIV Opening of Wisdom-eye (1972) 41 To achieve freedom from duhkha and to attain that release which is great peace and sublime happiness, there is one and only one means, that is, by the destruction of those stains of greed, aversion and delusion which are inborn in our minds.

1997 D. Brazier Feeling Buddha (1998) ix. 57 Enlightenment means to experience with complete clarity the fact that dukkha—the travail of being born, working, relating to others, growing up, growing old, and so on—is part and parcel of human dignity.

2015 Nepali Times (Nexis) 16 Jan. [He] constantly refers to his photos as capturing the ‘dukkha’ or difficulties of life in Nepal.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	dukkha
释义	dukkhan. Brit. /ˈduːkə/, U.S. /ˈdukə/ Forms: α. 1800s– duhkha, 1800s– duhkkha (rare). β. 1900s– dukha, 1900s– dukhkha (rare), 1900s– dukka, 1900s– dukkha. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Pali. Partly a borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymons: Pali dukkha; Sanskrit duḥkha. Etymology: < (i) Pali dukkha, and its etymon (ii) Sanskrit duḥkha, specific (Buddhist) use of duḥkha discomfort, suffering < dus- bad, ill- (see dys- prefix) + -kha (in sukha (adjective) comfortable, (noun) happiness, joy).The α. forms reflect the Sanskrit word; the β. forms largely (and originally) reflect the Pali word, although some of these (especially dukka) have been anglicized to an extent that the distinction has become obscured. Compare the following earlier example of the Pali word in an English context:1845 T. A. Wise Comm. on Hindu Syst. Med. 194 Disease is therefore the pain (dukkha) of the soul. Buddhism. Suffering or discomfort which arises as a result of the transitory nature of all phenomena, and is inherent in every aspect of human existence; physical or mental affliction or disharmony.One of the three fundamental aspects of existence, together with anitya or anicca (see anitya n., anicca n.), and anatman or anatta (see anatman n., anatta n.). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] sorec888 teeneOE sorrowOE workOE wrakeOE careOE gramec1000 harmOE howc1000 trayOE woweOE angec1175 derfnessc1175 sytec1175 unwinc1175 wosithc1200 ail?c1225 barrat?c1225 derf?c1225 grief?c1225 misease?c1225 misliking?c1225 ofthinkingc1225 passion?c1225 troublec1230 pinec1275 distress1297 grievancea1300 penancea1300 cumbermentc1300 languorc1300 cumbering1303 were1303 angera1325 strifea1325 sweama1325 woea1325 painc1330 tribulationc1330 illa1340 threst1340 constraintc1374 troublenessc1380 afflictiona1382 bruisinga1382 miseasetya1382 pressurec1384 exercisec1386 miscomfortc1390 mislikea1400 smarta1400 thronga1400 balec1400 painfulnessc1400 troublancec1400 smartness?c1425 painliness1435 perplexity?a1439 penalty?1462 calamity1490 penality1496 cumber?a1513 sussy1513 tribule1513 afflict?1529 vexation of spirit1535 troublesomeness1561 hoe1567 grievedness1571 tribulance1575 languishment1576 thrall1578 tine1590 languorment1593 aggrievedness1594 obturbation1623 afflictedness1646 erumny1657 pathos1684 shock1705 dree1791 vex1815 wrungnessa1875 dukkha1886 thinkache1892 sufferation1976 society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Buddhism > [noun] > concepts in satori1727 karma1785 prajna1828 sunyata1828 dharma1829 Buddha dharma1853 middle way1863 Eightfold Path1870 middle path1877 Noble Truth1877 anitya1882 dukkha1886 anatman1894 Buddha dhamma1894 anatta1904 anicca1904 no-self1921 no-mind1934 nothingness1940 no-thought1949 no-mindness1959 1886 J. Legge in tr. Faxian Rec. Buddhistic Kingdoms xx. 57 ‘Misery’ is a necessary condition of all sentient existence; this is duḥkha. 1919 Theosophical Outlook 12 Apr. 116/2 We can not hold fast [to] youth or love or health or life itself... This is the sorrow of the world, the Dukka..of the old doctrine. 1966 Dalai Lama XIV Opening of Wisdom-eye (1972) 41 To achieve freedom from duhkha and to attain that release which is great peace and sublime happiness, there is one and only one means, that is, by the destruction of those stains of greed, aversion and delusion which are inborn in our minds. 1997 D. Brazier Feeling Buddha (1998) ix. 57 Enlightenment means to experience with complete clarity the fact that dukkha—the travail of being born, working, relating to others, growing up, growing old, and so on—is part and parcel of human dignity. 2015 Nepali Times (Nexis) 16 Jan. [He] constantly refers to his photos as capturing the ‘dukkha’ or difficulties of life in Nepal. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1886
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