dowv.¹

Brit.

/daʊ/, U.S.

/daʊ/, Scottish English

/dʌʊ/

Forms: present tense 1 and 3 singular Old English. déag, déah [= Gothic dauh, Old High German touc, Old Saxon dôg]; Old English–Middle English deg, Middle English dæh, Middle English deh, degh, Middle English deih, Middle English–1600s dowe, Middle English– dow (1600s dou); in 3rd singular Middle English dowes, 1700s–1800s dows; plural Old English dugon [= Old Saxon dugun, Old High German tugun]; Middle English duȝen, Middle English douwe(n, Middle English–1600s dowe, Middle English– dow. past tense Old English dohte [= Gothic *dauhta, Old High German tohta]; Middle English douhte, Middle English dought(e, doht, doght, duȝt, dught, Middle English– dought, dowed, ScottishMiddle English– docht, doucht, dowcht, 1500s ducht.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: One of the original Germanic preterite-present verbs (see can v.¹, dare v.¹, may v.¹): Old English dugan to avail, be strong, good, worthy, of use, = Old Saxon dugan , Old Frisian duga (Middle Dutch döghen , Dutch deugen ), Old High German tugan , (Middle High German tugen , German taugen ), Gothic dugan , Old Norse duga (Swedish duga , Danish due ) < Old Germanic dugan . The original inflection déag ( < Old Germanic daug ) of the singular present was in 14th cent. supplanted by dow from the plural, the 3rd singular being sometimes made dows . For the original past tense dohte ( < Old Germanic duhta ) retained in Scots as docht , dought , a levelled form dowed is occasional from 14th cent. Both forms are used by Scott in sense 5.

Now Scottish and northern dialect.

†1. intransitive. To be good, strong, valiant, vigorous, manly, virtuous. Only Old English.

ΚΠ

OE Beowulf 526 Ðeah þu heaðoræsa gehwær dohte.

a1000 Father's Instr. (Cod. Ex.) 4 Do á þætte duge.

OE Christ & Satan 282 Forþon mæg gehycgan, se ðe his heorte deah, þæt he him afirre frecne geþohtas.

†2. To be valid, or of value; to be worth or good for anything. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > worth > [verb (intransitive)]

dowc1175

avail1489

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4872 Icc amm þatt þing þatt nohht ne dæh.

a1275 Prov. Ælfred 506 in Old Eng. Misc. 132 On him þu maist þe tresten, yif [h]is troȝþe degh.

a1275 Prov. Ælfred 546 in Old Eng. Misc. 133 Hwile þine daȝes duȝen.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 703 Al he solde, þat outh douthe [= ouht douhte].

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1125 Neuer no douȝt him day For sorwe he hadde oniȝt.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 133 Thebald nouht ne deih.

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 50 Efter dede of that drupe that docht nought in chalmir.

1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 69 in Wks. (1931) I It dowe no thyng bot for to be deiectit.

1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 326 Dow, to..be useful; as, ‘he dows for nought’, he is good for nothing.

†3. To be of use or profit to any one; to avail. Chiefly impersonal. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > be advantageous or beneficial [verb (intransitive)]

dowc950

frameOE

fremeOE

helpc1000

gainc1175

holdc1175

vail1303

yainc1325

it is speedfulc1340

profit1340

speedc1380

prowa1400

bootc1400

prevailc1450

avail1489

mister1490

skill1528

stead1594

advantagea1616

conduce1624

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xvi. 26 Huæt forðon deg menn?

a1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1006 Ðet him naðor ne dohte ne innhere ne uthere.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10771 Quen ioseph sagh na hide ne dught [rhyme broght].

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 374 Noȝt dowed bot þe deth in þe depe stremez.

c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 50 What dowes me þe dedayn, oþer dispit make?

a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. Prol. 1 Of dreflyng and dremys quhat dow it to endyte?

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5001 Iff yow do þus in dede, hit doghis the bettur.

?1591 R. Bruce Serm. Sacrament ii. sig. G7 Sa this argument dow not.

†4. To be good, fitting, or proper for any one; to become, befit, behove. Usually impersonal.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)]

birc950

oughtOE

behovec1175

dowa1225

liea1225

owea1250

it stands one upona1393

liea1400

busc1400

hovec1450

to stand (a person) in (also on) handc1555

import1561

stand1602

befit1604

to stand on ——1608

to lie with1885

a1225 Leg. Kath. 2228 & biburiede hire as hit deh martir.

a1225 Juliana 51 Milde and meoke..as meiden deh to beonne.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 215 Swuch þing þet ow ne deh to habben.

14.. Tundale's Vis. 907 As wemen doght.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin iii. 47 Blase axed what he dought to do.

5. To have the strength or ability, to be able (to do something).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > be able to [verb (intransitive)]

sufficea1325

sustaina1382

awelda1387

mayc1395

dowa1400

shape1487

afford1584

to have it in him (also her, etc.)c1600

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 23771 Fight he aght ai quils he dught, And fle quen he langer ne moght.

a1400–50 Alexander 4058 Vnde[d]lynes to dele I dowe be na ways.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 122 Thocht he dow not to leid a tyk.

1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxix. 38 Scho..dang the frenchmen, quhilk we docht not do.

1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 203 Ye may not, ye cannot, ye dow not want Christ.

1645 Munim. Burgh Irvine (1891) II. 58 Our inhabitants who ducht not win away by sey.

1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 2 She doughtna let her lover mourn.

1786 R. Burns Poems 37 They downa bide the stink o' powther.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. viii. 219 I never dowed to bide a hard turn o' wark in my life.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 256 As well as a woman in her condition dought.

6. To do well, thrive, prosper.

ΚΠ

1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 13 To Daw or Dou: to thrive..He'll never dow, i.e. He will never be good.

a1758 A. Ramsay Poems (1877) II. 174 Unty'd to a man..We never can thrive or dow.

1811 R. Willan List Words W. Riding Yorks. (E.D.S.) Dou, dau, to do well, to prosper.

1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 48 March grows Never dows.

Derivatives

ˈdowing adj. †valiant, virtuous (obsolete); thriving.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > [adjective]

goodeOE

dowingc1175

well-theweda1200

thewful?c1225

goodfulc1275

flourisheda1375

virtuousc1390

honesta1393

fine?a1400

theweda1400

well-manneredc1400

well-conditioneda1425

moralc1443

mannerlya1500

virtuala1500

graceful1611

well-moralized1624

well-principled1635

morate1652

unlicentious1737

respectable1750

nice1799

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 109 Swa swa þan alden bihouað duȝende þewas.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2057 Dunwale þat was þe duȝende mon [c1300 Otho a doþti man].

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) A dowing bairn.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† dowv.²

Forms: Also Middle English doue, dowe.

Etymology: < French doue-r (12th cent.) < Latin dōtāre to portion out, bestow, < dōs, dōt-em dowry.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To enrich with property; = endow v. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > settlement of property > settle (property) [verb (transitive)] > endow

worthOE

goodOE

dow1297

allowc1400

rentc1400

endowc1440

enduec1440

seizec1450

empossessc1500

revestc1500

indot1520

endote1528

dotatec1540

estate1609

instate1614

portion1663

vest1748

fortune1838

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 520 And the churche ifounded in a mory place, called Muryfelde, and Idowed of the pryuylege of the citee by kyng Henry.

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. xv. 519 Constantyn..holykirke dowed With londes and ledes.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxii. 16 He shal dowe hir and he shal have hir to wijf.

c1403 in W. G. Henderson Manuale & Processionale Ecclesiæ Eboracensis (1875) p. xvi Wyth my gyftys I dow the.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 431 The abbay of royalmonte whyche he founded and dowed with grete reuenewe and rentes.

2. To invest with something; = endow v. 3a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > endow with qualities or attributes > with honour, privilege, or power

dowc1420

invest1534

crown1535

endue1565

endow1601

clothe1754

c1420 Anturs of Arth. lii Here I doue the as Duke.

c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 3750 She was dowyd with eterne cristis ffruycionne.

3. To bequeath, give as an endowment.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > bequeath by will [verb (transitive)]

leaveOE

bequeath1066

queatha1325

let1340

dowc1374

bequest1394

wit1394

devise1395

give1420

willc1460

test1491

legacy1546

legate1546

league1623

legatee1797

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 230 O lady myn..To whom for eueremo myn herte I dowe.

Derivatives

ˈdowing n. endowment, dower.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > gifts and payments > [noun] > dowry

moryeveOE

marriagea1325

dowing1382

dowerc1386

dowrya1400

marriage money1454

marriage good1478

tocher1496

dote1509

jointurea1513

portion1513

endowry1523

tocher-good1538

dowagea1552

marriage dowrya1616

wedding-dowera1616

marriage portion1616

portion money1625

fortune1702

dot1822

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxii. 17 He shal ȝeeld the money after the maner of dowyng that maydens weren wont to tak.

c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4323 Dampned sawles and the bodies shal haf no swilk dowyng.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

dowv.³

Brit.

/daʊ/, U.S.

/daʊ/, Scottish English

/dʌʊ/

Etymology: Derivation doubtful; possibly a Scots form of dull v. or a Middle English *doll-en : compare dowie adj. = dolly , dully n.

Scottish and northern dialect.

intransitive. To lose brightness or freshness; to fade; to become dull or musty; to fall into a sleepy state. Chiefly in past participle dowed adj. (also dow'd) become dull, faded, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > drowsiness > be or become drowsy [verb (intransitive)]

nodc1425

dow1502

dream1548

drowse1598

winka1616

doze1693

the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > absence of colour > lose colour [verb (intransitive)]

fade13..

to cast coloura1375

staina1387

faint1430

dow1502

discolour1612

dilute1764

decolorize1908

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) v. iv. sig. pp.iiii ^v People blynded & dowed in theyr synnes.

1653 D. Osborne Lett. to Sir W. Temple (2002) 73 I was soe tyrd with my Journy, soe dosed with my Colde.

1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. (1776) 21 (Jam.) Cast na out the dow'd water till ye get the fresh.

1763 ‘T. Bobbin’ Toy-shop (new ed.) (Gloss.) Dowd, flat; dead; spiritless.

1845 Ainslie in Whistle-Binkie 3rd Ser. (Sc. Songs) 95 The day begins to dow.

1853 J. Ballantine in Whistle-Binkie (new ed.) 172 As dowed the outward rind, The core it grew the dearer.

1875 Lanc. Gloss. It's as dowd as dyke wayter.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† dowv.⁴

Etymology: Used by Caxton to render Middle Dutch duwen.

Obsolete.

transitive. To press, squeeze, wring.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)] > twist, wring, or squeeze out

twistc1374

press1381

expressc1400

outwringc1430

to wring upc1440

queasea1450

dow1481

strain1483

squash1599

crush1602

squeeze1602

squeeze1611

out-scruze1626

compel1657

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 58 I dowed [Du. ic duwede] the cony bytwene his eeris that almost I benamme his lyf from hym.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 104 The sore wryngyng that the foxe dowed and wronge his genytours.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

> as lemmas

Dow

Used attributively to designate an index of the relative price of American securities based on the current average rates of an agreed select list of industrial and other stocks. Also in shortened form Dow.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > prices of stocks and shares > relative price or average (system)

Dow Jones1908

Nikkei-Dow(-Jones)1970

Nikkei average1975

1908 Ticker Jan. 38/1 The Dow-Jones System of Averages is simply a method of calculating the average price of 20 active railroad stocks and 12 industrial stocks.

1922 W. P. Hamilton Stock Market Barometer i. 7 The Dow-Jones average is still standard, although it has been extensively imitated.

1957 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 474/1 The Dow Jones averages..were based on 30 industrials, 20 railroads and 15 utilities.

1962 S. Strand Marketing Dict. 44 Various ways of measuring the trend of securities prices on the N.Y. Stock Exchange, the most popular of which is the Dow-Jones average of 30 industrial stocks.

1962 S. Strand Marketing Dict. 45 In the case of the Dow-Jones industrial average, the prices of the 30 stocks are totaled and then divided by a divisor which is intended to compensate for past stock splits and dividends and which is changed from time to time.

1964 Financial Times 25 Feb. 3/1 As the Dow Jones Industrial Average approached the 800 level lively profit-taking was attracted, which limited the markets rise to mostly fractions.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. B 7 Among the 30 Dow Industrials, 18 declined, 7 advanced and 5 were unchanged.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. B 8 The Dow-Jones industrial average was down 2·89 points to 836·34.

1970 Daily Tel. 1 June 16/2 Prices plummetted to the ‘low’ of 631 on the Dow in response to genuinely poor economic prospects.

extracted from Dow Jonesn.

v.¹c950

v.²1297

v.³1502

v.⁴1481

as lemmas

单词	dow
释义	dowv.¹ Brit. /daʊ/, U.S. /daʊ/, Scottish English /dʌʊ/ Forms: present tense 1 and 3 singular Old English. déag, déah [= Gothic dauh, Old High German touc, Old Saxon dôg]; Old English–Middle English deg, Middle English dæh, Middle English deh, degh, Middle English deih, Middle English–1600s dowe, Middle English– dow (1600s dou); in 3rd singular Middle English dowes, 1700s–1800s dows; plural Old English dugon [= Old Saxon dugun, Old High German tugun]; Middle English duȝen, Middle English douwe(n, Middle English–1600s dowe, Middle English– dow. past tense Old English dohte [= Gothic dauhta, Old High German tohta]; Middle English douhte, Middle English dought(e, doht, doght, duȝt, dught, Middle English– dought, dowed, ScottishMiddle English– docht, doucht, dowcht, 1500s ducht. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: One of the original Germanic preterite-present verbs (see can v.¹, dare v.¹, may v.¹): Old English dugan* to avail, be strong, good, worthy, of use, = Old Saxon dugan , Old Frisian duga (Middle Dutch döghen , Dutch deugen ), Old High German tugan , (Middle High German tugen , German taugen ), Gothic dugan , Old Norse duga (Swedish duga , Danish due ) < Old Germanic dugan . The original inflection déag ( < Old Germanic daug ) of the singular present was in 14th cent. supplanted by dow from the plural, the 3rd singular being sometimes made dows . For the original past tense dohte ( < Old Germanic duhta ) retained in Scots as docht , dought , a levelled form dowed is occasional from 14th cent. Both forms are used by Scott in sense 5. Now Scottish and northern dialect. †1. intransitive. To be good, strong, valiant, vigorous, manly, virtuous. Only Old English. ΚΠ OE Beowulf 526 Ðeah þu heaðoræsa gehwær dohte. a1000 Father's Instr. (Cod. Ex.) 4 Do á þætte duge. OE Christ & Satan 282 Forþon mæg gehycgan, se ðe his heorte deah, þæt he him afirre frecne geþohtas. †2. To be valid, or of value; to be worth or good for anything. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > worth > [verb (intransitive)] dowc1175 avail1489 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4872 Icc amm þatt þing þatt nohht ne dæh. a1275 Prov. Ælfred 506 in Old Eng. Misc. 132 On him þu maist þe tresten, yif [h]is troȝþe degh. a1275 Prov. Ælfred 546 in Old Eng. Misc. 133 Hwile þine daȝes duȝen. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 703 Al he solde, þat outh douthe [= ouht douhte]. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1125 Neuer no douȝt him day For sorwe he hadde oniȝt. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 133 Thebald nouht ne deih. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 50 Efter dede of that drupe that docht nought in chalmir. 1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 69 in Wks. (1931) I It dowe no thyng bot for to be deiectit. 1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 326 Dow, to..be useful; as, ‘he dows for nought’, he is good for nothing. †3. To be of use or profit to any one; to avail. Chiefly impersonal. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > be advantageous or beneficial [verb (intransitive)] dowc950 frameOE fremeOE helpc1000 gainc1175 holdc1175 vail1303 yainc1325 it is speedfulc1340 profit1340 speedc1380 prowa1400 bootc1400 prevailc1450 avail1489 mister1490 skill1528 stead1594 advantagea1616 conduce1624 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xvi. 26 Huæt forðon deg menn? a1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1006 Ðet him naðor ne dohte ne innhere ne uthere. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10771 Quen ioseph sagh na hide ne dught [rhyme broght]. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 374 Noȝt dowed bot þe deth in þe depe stremez. c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 50 What dowes me þe dedayn, oþer dispit make? a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. Prol. 1 Of dreflyng and dremys quhat dow it to endyte? c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5001 Iff yow do þus in dede, hit doghis the bettur. ?1591 R. Bruce Serm. Sacrament ii. sig. G7 Sa this argument dow not. †4. To be good, fitting, or proper for any one; to become, befit, behove. Usually impersonal. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)] birc950 oughtOE behovec1175 dowa1225 liea1225 owea1250 it stands one upona1393 liea1400 busc1400 hovec1450 to stand (a person) in (also on) handc1555 import1561 stand1602 befit1604 to stand on ——1608 to lie with1885 a1225 Leg. Kath. 2228 & biburiede hire as hit deh martir. a1225 Juliana 51 Milde and meoke..as meiden deh to beonne. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 215 Swuch þing þet ow ne deh to habben. 14.. Tundale's Vis. 907 As wemen doght. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin iii. 47 Blase axed what he dought to do. 5. To have the strength or ability, to be able (to do something). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > be able to [verb (intransitive)] sufficea1325 sustaina1382 awelda1387 mayc1395 dowa1400 shape1487 afford1584 to have it in him (also her, etc.)c1600 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 23771 Fight he aght ai quils he dught, And fle quen he langer ne moght. a1400–50 Alexander 4058 Vnde[d]lynes to dele I dowe be na ways. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 122 Thocht he dow not to leid a tyk. 1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxix. 38 Scho..dang the frenchmen, quhilk we docht not do. 1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 203 Ye may not, ye cannot, ye dow not want Christ. 1645 Munim. Burgh Irvine (1891) II. 58 Our inhabitants who ducht not win away by sey. 1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 2 She doughtna let her lover mourn. 1786 R. Burns Poems 37 They downa bide the stink o' powther. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. viii. 219 I never dowed to bide a hard turn o' wark in my life. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 256 As well as a woman in her condition dought. 6. To do well, thrive, prosper. ΚΠ 1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 13 To Daw or Dou: to thrive..He'll never dow, i.e. He will never be good. a1758 A. Ramsay Poems (1877) II. 174 Unty'd to a man..We never can thrive or dow. 1811 R. Willan List Words W. Riding Yorks. (E.D.S.) Dou, dau, to do well, to prosper. 1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 48 March grows Never dows. Derivatives ˈdowing adj. †valiant, virtuous (obsolete); thriving. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > [adjective] goodeOE dowingc1175 well-theweda1200 thewful?c1225 goodfulc1275 flourisheda1375 virtuousc1390 honesta1393 fine?a1400 theweda1400 well-manneredc1400 well-conditioneda1425 moralc1443 mannerlya1500 virtuala1500 graceful1611 well-moralized1624 well-principled1635 morate1652 unlicentious1737 respectable1750 nice1799 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 109 Swa swa þan alden bihouað duȝende þewas. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2057 Dunwale þat was þe duȝende mon [c1300 Otho a doþti man]. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) A dowing bairn. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † dowv.² Forms: Also Middle English doue, dowe. Etymology: < French doue-r (12th cent.) < Latin dōtāre to portion out, bestow, < dōs, dōt-em dowry. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To enrich with property; = endow v. 2. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > settlement of property > settle (property) [verb (transitive)] > endow worthOE goodOE dow1297 allowc1400 rentc1400 endowc1440 enduec1440 seizec1450 empossessc1500 revestc1500 indot1520 endote1528 dotatec1540 estate1609 instate1614 portion1663 vest1748 fortune1838 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 520 And the churche ifounded in a mory place, called Muryfelde, and Idowed of the pryuylege of the citee by kyng Henry. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. xv. 519 Constantyn..holykirke dowed With londes and ledes. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxii. 16 He shal dowe hir and he shal have hir to wijf. c1403 in W. G. Henderson Manuale & Processionale Ecclesiæ Eboracensis (1875) p. xvi Wyth my gyftys I dow the. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 431 The abbay of royalmonte whyche he founded and dowed with grete reuenewe and rentes. 2. To invest with something; = endow v. 3a. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > endow with qualities or attributes > with honour, privilege, or power dowc1420 invest1534 crown1535 endue1565 endow1601 clothe1754 c1420 Anturs of Arth. lii Here I doue the as Duke. c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 3750 She was dowyd with eterne cristis ffruycionne. 3. To bequeath, give as an endowment. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > bequeath by will [verb (transitive)] leaveOE bequeath1066 queatha1325 let1340 dowc1374 bequest1394 wit1394 devise1395 give1420 willc1460 test1491 legacy1546 legate1546 league1623 legatee1797 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 230 O lady myn..To whom for eueremo myn herte I dowe. Derivatives ˈdowing n. endowment, dower. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > gifts and payments > [noun] > dowry moryeveOE marriagea1325 dowing1382 dowerc1386 dowrya1400 marriage money1454 marriage good1478 tocher1496 dote1509 jointurea1513 portion1513 endowry1523 tocher-good1538 dowagea1552 marriage dowrya1616 wedding-dowera1616 marriage portion1616 portion money1625 fortune1702 dot1822 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxii. 17 He shal ȝeeld the money after the maner of dowyng that maydens weren wont to tak. c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4323 Dampned sawles and the bodies shal haf no swilk dowyng. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2021). dowv.³ Brit. /daʊ/, U.S. /daʊ/, Scottish English /dʌʊ/ Etymology: Derivation doubtful; possibly a Scots form of dull v. or a Middle English doll-en : compare dowie adj. = dolly* , dully n. Scottish and northern dialect. intransitive. To lose brightness or freshness; to fade; to become dull or musty; to fall into a sleepy state. Chiefly in past participle dowed adj. (also dow'd) become dull, faded, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > drowsiness > be or become drowsy [verb (intransitive)] nodc1425 dow1502 dream1548 drowse1598 winka1616 doze1693 the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > absence of colour > lose colour [verb (intransitive)] fade13.. to cast coloura1375 staina1387 faint1430 dow1502 discolour1612 dilute1764 decolorize1908 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) v. iv. sig. pp.iiii ^v People blynded & dowed in theyr synnes. 1653 D. Osborne Lett. to Sir W. Temple (2002) 73 I was soe tyrd with my Journy, soe dosed with my Colde. 1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. (1776) 21 (Jam.) Cast na out the dow'd water till ye get the fresh. 1763 ‘T. Bobbin’ Toy-shop (new ed.) (Gloss.) Dowd, flat; dead; spiritless. 1845 Ainslie in Whistle-Binkie 3rd Ser. (Sc. Songs) 95 The day begins to dow. 1853 J. Ballantine in Whistle-Binkie (new ed.) 172 As dowed the outward rind, The core it grew the dearer. 1875 Lanc. Gloss. It's as dowd as dyke wayter. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † dowv.⁴ Etymology: Used by Caxton to render Middle Dutch duwen. Obsolete. transitive. To press, squeeze, wring. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)] > twist, wring, or squeeze out twistc1374 press1381 expressc1400 outwringc1430 to wring upc1440 queasea1450 dow1481 strain1483 squash1599 crush1602 squeeze1602 squeeze1611 out-scruze1626 compel1657 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 58 I dowed [Du. ic duwede] the cony bytwene his eeris that almost I benamme his lyf from hym. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 104 The sore wryngyng that the foxe dowed and wronge his genytours. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022). > as lemmas Dow Used attributively to designate an index of the relative price of American securities based on the current average rates of an agreed select list of industrial and other stocks. Also in shortened form Dow. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > prices of stocks and shares > relative price or average (system) Dow Jones1908 Nikkei-Dow(-Jones)1970 Nikkei average1975 1908 Ticker Jan. 38/1 The Dow-Jones System of Averages is simply a method of calculating the average price of 20 active railroad stocks and 12 industrial stocks. 1922 W. P. Hamilton Stock Market Barometer i. 7 The Dow-Jones average is still standard, although it has been extensively imitated. 1957 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 474/1 The Dow Jones averages..were based on 30 industrials, 20 railroads and 15 utilities. 1962 S. Strand Marketing Dict. 44 Various ways of measuring the trend of securities prices on the N.Y. Stock Exchange, the most popular of which is the Dow-Jones average of 30 industrial stocks. 1962 S. Strand Marketing Dict. 45 In the case of the Dow-Jones industrial average, the prices of the 30 stocks are totaled and then divided by a divisor which is intended to compensate for past stock splits and dividends and which is changed from time to time. 1964 Financial Times 25 Feb. 3/1 As the Dow Jones Industrial Average approached the 800 level lively profit-taking was attracted, which limited the markets rise to mostly fractions. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. B 7 Among the 30 Dow Industrials, 18 declined, 7 advanced and 5 were unchanged. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. B 8 The Dow-Jones industrial average was down 2·89 points to 836·34. 1970 Daily Tel. 1 June 16/2 Prices plummetted to the ‘low’ of 631 on the Dow in response to genuinely poor economic prospects. extracted from Dow Jonesn. < v.¹c950v.²1297v.³1502v.⁴1481 as lemmas
随便看	cham chama chama-shaped chamade chamades chamae chamae- chamae-cephalous chamae-conchous chamaecephalic chamaecephalous chamaecephaly chamaeconchic chamaeconchous chamaeconchy chamaecranial chamaecranic chamaecrany chamaephyte chamaephytes chamaeprosope chamaeprosopic chamaeprosopy chamaerops chamar

dowv.1

Derivatives

† dowv.2

Derivatives

dowv.3

† dowv.4

> as lemmas

dowv.¹

† dowv.²

dowv.³

† dowv.⁴