请输入您要查询的英文单词：

　

单词 dredge
释义

dredgen.1

Brit. /drɛdʒ/, U.S. /drɛdʒ/
Forms: Middle English–1500s dreg, 1600s dridge, 1700s drudge, 1600s– dredge.
Etymology: Of this, and the associated verb, the Scots form dreg is found c1500, and in combination in dreg-boat 1471; the English form dredge appears (in the verb) in 1576. (Compare Scots seg = sedge , etc.). The noun corresponds to modern Dutch dreg , in 16th cent. dregghe , dregge ‘harpago; verriculum, euerriculum, Angl. dragge’ Kilian, Low German dregge a dredge, French dreige , drège (for oysters), 1584 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter These continental words are perhaps < English; and the English word a derivative of the stem of drag v. The forms dreg, dredge, suggest an Old English type *dręcg or *dręcge < *dragjo-, -jôn. The variants dradge, drudge, dridge appear to be perversions under the influence of other words.
An instrument for collecting and bringing up objects from the bed of a river, the sea, etc., by dragging along the bottom; usually consisting of an iron frame with a net, bag, bucket, or other receptacle attached: (a) (originally) a dragnet for taking oysters, used also in pearl-fishing, etc.; (b) (more recently) an apparatus for collecting marine objects for scientific investigation; (c) a dredger for clearing the beds of rivers and navigable waters.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > earth-moving and excavating equipment > [noun] > dredging equipment
dredge1471
clam-shell1508
drag1611
steam dredge1801
dredging-machine1830
hedgehog1838
bag and spoon1840
hydrophore1842
dredger1863
gold dredge1881
gold dredger1897
suction dredge1901
bucket dredge1907
cutter-dredge1913
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > drag-net
dray-netc1000
pullc1303
draw-net1386
dredge1471
drag1481
dragneta1542
train1576
tug-net1584
trainel1585
draught-net1630
trawl-net1697
trail1711
trawl1759
trail-net1820
pole trawl1836
train net1864
otter trawlc1870
turn-net1883
pair trawl1967
1561 R. Eden in tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation Pref. sig. ¶ ivv Fyshermen that go a trawlyng for fyshe in Catches or mongers, and dradgies for Oysters about the sandes.]
1471 [see dredge-boat n. at Compounds 1].
1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 30v The Oysters..haue a peculiar dredge, which is a thicke strong net, fastned to three spils of yron, and drawne at the boates sterne.
1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 30 To the boate or skiffe belongs..a dridge.
1709 London Gaz. No. 4510/7 The Hoy Burthen 9 or 10 Tun..two Drudges in her with Ropes to them.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 464 Mr. Culver..has constructed a Dock Drudge, which is a boat for clearing docks and removing bars in rivers.
1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. II. 172 Sponges brought up by the dredge.
1861 A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes xv. 537 Cruising..with the dredge—an instrument which he first methodized as an implement of zoological research.
figurative.1888 A. S. Wilson Lyric of Hopeless Love cxxvi. 360 Fancy casts her dredge in vain, To glean the secrets of the main.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
dredge-boat n.
ΚΠ
1471 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. 16 Nov. (Rec. Soc.) (Jam Supp.) Of ilk dreg-boat and hand-lyne bot cummand in with fisch.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. xv. 292 I daresay the lugger's taken..a dredge-boat might have taken her.
dredge-catch n.
ΚΠ
1891 Scribner's Mag. 10 473 At the sides of the vessels there are long iron-rollers, ‘dredge-catches’ and ‘dredge-chocks’.
dredge-chock n.
ΚΠ
1891 Scribner's Mag. 10 473 At the sides of the vessels there are long iron-rollers, ‘dredge-catches’ and ‘dredge-chocks’.
dredge-man n.
ΚΠ
1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 46 At low Water I set all the Drudge and Water~men to that Corner.
1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 160 Most of the signal-house keepers and dredge men along the canal seem French.
dredge-net n.
ΚΠ
1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 110 Persons skilled in dredge-nets.
dredge-rope n.
ΚΠ
1773 Hist. Brit. Dominions N. Amer. ii. xi. §12. 217 [Whale-fishing] To the further end of this stick is fastened a tow-rope, called the drudge-rope, of about fifteen fathom.
dredge-sump n.
ΚΠ
1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 24 Dredge Sump, a reservoir through which a current of water is sometimes made to flow before passing to a pump, in order that any small stones or sludge may be retained.
dredge-wood n.
C2.
dredgeful n. as much as a dredge will hold.
ΚΠ
1883 Norman Presid. Addr. Tyneside Field Club 27 A dredgeful of ‘Globigerina Ooze’ from 2,435 fathoms.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

dredgen.2

Forms: Middle English–1600s drage, Middle English drag(g)eye, dragie, dragy, dragge, dregge, Middle English–1500s drege, Middle English– dradge, 1500s– dredge, (1600s drag). β. Middle English dragett.
Etymology: Late Middle English dragie, dragé, also dragett, < Old French dragie, dragee, modern French dragée, in Provençal dragea, Spanish dragea, gragea, Portuguese gragea, Italian treggéa (masculine), medieval Latin drageia, drageya, dragía, dragētum, and dragāta: all supposed to derive in some way from Latin tragēmata, < Greek τραγήματα spices, condiments. In English the final vowel became at length mute; the form dragett directly represents medieval Latin dragētum.
†1. A sweetmeat; a comfit containing a seed or grain of spice; a preparation made of a mixture of spices; cf. dragée n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet
dredgec1350
confection1393
sugar-meat1586
trinket1587
confectionary1599
soot-meat1614
dulcid1694
sweetie1721
goody-goody1745
bon-bon1796
confiture1802
candy?1809
sweetmeat1812
sucker1823
dulce1834
lokum1845
goody1847
sweet1851
dragée1853
lolly1854
c1350 Med. MS. in Archæol. XXX. 390 Ye sed is good fastende to ete, And ek in drage after mete.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 173 And dryuen awey deth with dyas and dragges [v.r. drogges; C. xxiii. 174 drogges, v.rr. drouges, dragges].
1401–2 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 208 Et in j lib. dragge empt., 5d. [1402–3 dragy].
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 428 Apothecaryes To senden hym his drogges [3 MSS. drugges, Harl. dragges].
c1440 Anc. Cookery in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 454 Make thenne a dragee of the yolkes of harde eyren broken.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 130/1 Dragge [v.r. dragy, dradge], dragetum.
?a1475 Noble Bk. Cookry (1882) 27 Cast on a dridge mad with hard yolks of eggs.
1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 367 Item..payed for a box of drege xx. d.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 215/1 Dradge, spyce, dragee.
?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe sig. Ivii By eatyng of a lytle dredge made of anys sede and coryander.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xii. 66 Take fasting a dredge made of anise, fennell, caraway, and coriander seede.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 108 A drage or pouder of it [thyme] with salt, brings the appetite againe.
β. 1470–71 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III Dragett.
2. A mixture of various kinds of grain, esp. of oats and barley, sown together. Now dialect.[In French dragée is a mixture of pease, vetches, beans, lentils, sown as a forage crop.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > oats and barley mixed
dredge1533
dredge corn1917
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > oats and barley mixed
dredge1533
dredge corn1917
1309 in Registrum Monasterii de Winchelcumba (1892) 304 Quatuor quarteria frumenti, et quatuor quarteria boni drageti.]
14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 596 Mixtilio, Draggeye.
14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 625 Dragetum, draggé, mixtilioque, medylde corne.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 130/1 Dragge, menglyd corne (drage, or mestlyon, P.).
1533 in F. W. Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 55 ij quarters of barley and ij of drege.
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 17v Sowe barley & dredge, with a plentifull hand.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 534 As touching the drage called Ocymum..it is a kind of forage or prouender for horses.
1611 Bible (King James) Job xxiv. 6 (margin) Mingled corn or dredge.
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 324 Dredge, Oats and Barley mixed.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Dredge, mixed corn of several kinds, as oats, wheat, and barley sown together; done very commonly for game feed.
figurative.1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 131 Choler is a miscellane seed (as it were) and a dregge, made of all the passions of the mind.
3. Mining. Ore of a mixed quality intermediate between the rich and the worthless.
ΚΠ
1874 J. H. Collins Princ. Metal Mining (1875) xvii. 111 A quantity of material of a mixed nature, called ‘dredge’, or ‘roughs’, or ‘rows’, is often separated, on the one hand from the rich ore, on the other from the worthless waste.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 80 Detaching from each piece the inferior portions, and thus forming either prill or best dradge ore.

Compounds

dredge-box n. †(a) a box for holding dredges or comfits, etc., a drageoir; (b) = dredging-box at dredge v.2 Derivatives.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > container for food > [noun] > chest, box, or bag > for sweets
dredge-box1525
candy box1799
bonbonnière1818
drageoir1861
chocolate box1865
society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > spraying or sprinkling tools
dust-box1581
dredger1666
dredging-box1712
spreader1810
dredge-box1812
distributor1853
deflector1887
squirter1888
sprayer1891
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > scattering in small particles or sprinkling > sprinkling with powder > device for
dust-box1581
dredger1666
dredging-box1712
dredge-box1812
pulverizator1871
powder blower1875
powder gun1890
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. clvii. [cliii]. 434 Two dredge boxes of golde.
1812 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1851) I. 293 Eloquent upon her favourite subject of napery inventories and dredge-boxes.
dredge corn n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > oats and barley mixed
dredge1533
dredge corn1917
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > oats and barley mixed
dredge1533
dredge corn1917
1917 Statutory Rules & Orders No. 1182. 2 in Parl. Papers 1917–18 (Cd. 8852) XXVI. 401 For the purposes of this Order, ‘Dredge Corn’ shall mean a mixture of cereals, whether or not grown together, containing more than one cereal as a main constituent.
dredge-fork n.
ΚΠ
1891 Scribner's Mag. 10 469 I began to see a great glass case..containing..a dredge-fork; an oyster knife.
dredge-malt n. malt made of oats and barley.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > malting > [noun] > malt
malteOE
barley malt1488
dredge-malt1496
1496–7 in J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices (modernized text) III. 78/3 Dregg malt.
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. ix. 379 Mault of Oats, which mixt with that of barley, is call'd Dredg-mault.
† dredge-powder n. Obsolete a powder of mixed spices, sugar, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > powder > [noun] > specific powders
powder of welcome?1541
dredge-powder1597
smeddum1828
stomach powder1911
1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 363 A dredge powder: take fine powder of Licoras and Anniseeds of ech one pound, suger candy two pound, Peper & Ginger of each two ounces: mixe them and vse it for most inward griefes.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

dredgev.1

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s dreg, dregge, 1600s–1700s drudge, 1700s druge.
Etymology: Goes with dredge n.1
1. transitive. To collect and bring up (oysters, etc.) by means of a dredge; to bring up, fish up, or clear away or out (any object) from the bottom of a river, etc. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [verb (transitive)] > catch fish with net
netOE
dredge1508
drag1698
tuck1785
gillnet1837
amphibolize1854
gill1868
trawl1883
seine1887
poke1899
1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 212 Thou sailit to get a dowcare for to dreg it, It lyis closit in a clout on Seland cost.
1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 259 South Yenlet, notorious also for great Oisters, that be dredged thereaboutes.
1659 E. Leigh Eng. Descr. 105 The salt savoury Oisters there dregged.
a1705 J. Ray Itineraries in Select Remains (1760) 272 They dredge up from the bottom of the sea..white coral.
1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 34 We drudged all we could come at away.
1851 Taylor Improvem. Tyne 77 Dredging out silt.
1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies vii. 265 You and I, perhaps shall..dredge strange creatures such as man never saw before.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) xvii. 286 A stone celt which was dredged up from the Thames.
2. intransitive. To make use of a dredge; to fish for (oysters, etc.), or to remove silt, etc. from the bottom of a river, etc., by means of a dredge.
ΘΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > diving or dredging > dive or dredge [verb (intransitive)] > dredge
drag1530
dredge1681
sweep1748
creep1813
swipe1881
1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem (1751) 44 Some getting oyster-boats to dreg, Some making satires for to beg.
1711 Act 9 Anne c. 26 Such persons as shall use to fish or druge within the limits of the said Fishery as common Fishermen or Drugermen.
1765 J. Platt in Philos. Trans. 1764 (Royal Soc.) 54 52 To use drag~nets as they do in drudging for oisters.
1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man 18 Mud..obtained by dredging in the adjoining shallow water.
3. transitive. To clean out the bed or bottom of (a river, channel, harbour, etc.) by removing silt with a dredging apparatus.
ΘΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > diving or dredging > dive or dredge [verb (transitive)] > dredge
drag1577
sweep1820
dredge1844
swipe1881
1844 Hull Dock Act 98 Repairing, altering, dredging, or improving the said docks.
1875 J. H. Bennet Winter & Spring Mediterranean (ed. 5) viii. 242 The government has dredged the magnificent old port, which had been allowed to fill up.

Derivatives

dredged adj.
ΘΠ
the world > the earth > water > body of water > channel of water > [adjective] > deepened by excavation
dredged1867
1867 A. Barry Life & Wks. Sir C. Barry vi. 158 The dredged bed of the river.
1894 Daily News 26 Nov. 5/3 Built in a dredged-out berth or dock.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

dredgev.2

Forms: Also 1600s dreg, 1600s–1800s drudge.
Etymology: apparently < dredge n.2
1. transitive. To sprinkle (anything) with powder, esp. flour; originally to sprinkle with some powdered mixture of sugar, spices, etc. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle > sprinkle (a surface) with something > with any powder
powderc1380
empowder1548
dust1591
over-dredge1594
dredge1596
1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. Gv A continuat Tropologicall speach..all to bee-spiced & dredged with sentences and allegories.
1616 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Scornful Ladie ii. sig. D4 Burnt figs, dreg'd with meale and powdered sugar.
1639 J. Fletcher et al. Bloody Brother ii. ii. sig. D3v My Spice-box, gentlemen..Dredge you a dish of plovers, there's the Art on't.
1739 Smith's Compl. Housewife (ed. 9) 7 Drudge it with grated bread.
1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles & St. James (new ed.) iv, in Writings I. 26 His..hair was dredged with grey.
2. To sprinkle (any powdered substance) over anything. Also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle > any powder
powder?c1335
dredge1648
1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. M3v The spangling Dew dreg'd o're the grasse.
1737 Compl. Family-piece (ed. 2) i. ii. 98 Dredge grated Bread over it.
1853 A. Soyer Pantropheon 288 Serve, having..dredged over them a little poppy-seed.

Derivatives

ˈdredging n. ; attributive as dredging-box.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > scattering in small particles or sprinkling > sprinkling with powder
powdering1440
dredging1611
society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > spraying or sprinkling tools
dust-box1581
dredger1666
dredging-box1712
spreader1810
dredge-box1812
distributor1853
deflector1887
squirter1888
sprayer1891
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > scattering in small particles or sprinkling > sprinkling with powder > device for
dust-box1581
dredger1666
dredging-box1712
dredge-box1812
pulverizator1871
powder blower1875
powder gun1890
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Rosti sanglant, a dredging with the powder of Hares bloud.
1712 W. King Let. in Art of Cookery (ed. 2) 14 Basting Ladles, Dripping Pans, and Drudging Boxes.
1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle IV. xcvi. 34 [This] all the flour in his drudging-box had not been able to whiten.
1851 Beck's Florist Sept. 203 Sulphur is a well-known remedy, dusted on the leaves, while wet, from a dredging-box.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
<
n.11471n.2c1350v.11508v.21596
随便看

　

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。

　

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间：2024/12/23 22:20:08