† douthn.

Forms: Old English dugað, Old English dugeþ, Old English dugeð, Old English dugheþ (rare), Old English dugoþ, Old English dugoð, Old English dugþ- (inflected form, rare), Old English dugudum (dative plural, transmission error), Old English dugut- (in a compound), Old English duguþ, Old English duguð, early Middle English doȝeþe, early Middle English doweþe, early Middle English duȝden (plural), early Middle English duȝeþe, early Middle English duȝeð, early Middle English duȝeðe, early Middle English duheðe, early Middle English duhȝeðe, early Middle English duhþe, early Middle English duðeðe, early Middle English duweðe, early Middle English ðugede (genitive, probably transmission error), early Middle English ðugeðe (genitive, probably transmission error), Middle English douth, Middle English douthe, Middle English douþe, Middle English duthe, Middle English duþe.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian dugethe , dugede (West Frisian deugd ), Old Dutch dugath (Middle Dutch dōghet , dōgede , Dutch deugd ), Middle Low German dȫget , dȫgent , dȫgede , Old High German tugund , tugundi , tugede (Middle High German tugent , tugende , German Tugend ), and further with Old Icelandic dygð , Old Swedish dyghþ (Swedish dygd ), Old Danish dygth (Danish dyd ), all in sense ‘virtue’ < the Germanic base of dow v.¹ + a suffix forming abstract nouns, of uncertain origin (compare -th suffix¹). Compare later dought n., doughtiness n.The details of the suffixation of the Germanic base are not clear, but it is likely that the West Germanic nouns cited above derive from a form originally showing medial -un- before the dental (compare youth n.), while the Scandinavian nouns show medial -i- . (Compare also the West Germanic nouns discussed at doughty adj. and n.). In Old English the word is usually a strong feminine. The early Middle English compounds (douth-king n., douth-knight n., douth-man n. at Compounds, all with medial -e- ) could alternatively be interpreted as showing genitive compounds (compare Old English genitive singular duguþe ). With douthly adv. at Derivatives compare Old English duguþlic of or relating to a tribune, noble (compare -ly suffix¹).

Obsolete.

a. Virtue, excellence; nobility; power, wealth. Also in plural in same sense.In quot. lOE with reference to God as the embodiment of power: ‘might of all mights’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [noun] > and nobility or magnificence

douthOE

nobilitya1387

splendour1604

heroicalness1647

OE Phoenix 454 He ælmessan earmum dæleð, dugeþa leasum.

lOE Metrical Prayer (Julius A.ii) 44 Wealdend engla, ealra dugeþa duguð, drihten hælend.

a1250 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Maidstone) (1955) 121 If it so tideþ, þat tu..in þin elde werldes wele woldest, þi duȝeþe gin þu delen þine dere frend hwiles þine daȝes duȝe.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2468 Þa wes þe duc dead, and Brennes hauede his duweðe.

b. A good deed; benefit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > graciousness > favour or grace > instance or act of

douthOE

wel-dedeOE

gooddeedOE

boonc1175

fordeedc1230

gracec1300

good turna1375

gratitude?a1513

gratuity1523

favour1605

vouchsafement1629

veniality1655

OE Cynewulf Crist II 601 Ðæt is þæs wyrðe þætte werþeode secgen dryhtne þonc duguða gehwylcre þe us sið ond ær simle gefremede þurh monigfealdra mægna geryno.

OE Crist III 1408 Neorxnawonges wlite nyde sceoldes agiefan geomormod.., earg ond unrot, eallum bidæled dugeþum ond dreamum.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5206 Þa duȝeðe þe he us dude whilen.

2. A group of people; esp. an army or retinue.In Old English verse sometimes specifically denoting the older or more experienced among the group and in this use contrasted with youth (see quot. OE¹); cf. sense 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > host of noble warriors

douthOE

douzepersc1275

the Argive Seven1646

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > collective or retinue

hirdc888

douthOE

gingc1175

folkc1275

hirdfolcc1275

tail1297

meiniec1300

routc1325

suitc1325

peoplec1330

leading1382

retinuea1387

repairc1390

retenancea1393

farneta1400

to-draughta1400

sembly14..

sequelc1420

manya1425

followingc1429

affinity?1435

family1438

train1489

estatec1500

port1545

retain1548

equipage1579

suite1579

attendancy1586

attendance1607

tendancea1616

sequacesa1660

cortège1679

OE Andreas (1932) 152 Todælan duguðe and geogoðe, werum to wiste ond to wilþege, fæges flæschoman.

OE Exodus 91 Leode ongeton, duguð Israhela, þæt þær drihten cwom weroda drihten, wicsteal metan.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 626 Se cining binnan xii monað wæs gefullod on Eastrum mid eallum his dugoðe.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 25 Maximien..heiende heaðene maumez wið unimeað muchel hird & wið heh duheðe.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13977 Duȝeðe [c1300 Otho doȝeþe] gon sturien.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 61 Þat day doubble on þe dece watȝ þe douth serued.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 2627 Sone as ser Darie þe deth of his douth sees.

3. Adulthood, maturity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > adult > [noun] > adulthood or maturity

full eldOE

agec1275

douthc1275

full agec1390

maturitya1475

years?1532

just age1541

just years1541

consistencea1613

grown years1645

legal age1658

adultness1663

adultagea1670

muttonhood1841

adulthood1850

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 634 Lutle children..Boþ [read Doþ] alþat in hore ȝoeþe, Þat hi uorleteþ in hore duȝeþe.

Compounds

douth-give n. [ < douth n. + give n.¹] liberality, munificence.

ΚΠ

OE Royal Charter: Æðelred II to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 914) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 1024 Ic Wulfstan Lundeniscra manna bisceop mines hlafordes dugoðgife æfre geðwærige.

douth-king n. the king of a nation.

ΚΠ

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12954 Adun him ferde Beduer to his duȝeðe-kinge.

douth-knight n. a retainer.

ΚΠ

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5070 Þe king ȝeornde Cristin-dom & alle his duȝeþe-cnihtes [c1300 Otho his cnihtes].

douth-man n. a retainer.

ΚΠ

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7019 Þe king wes swiðe bliðe..imong his duȝeðe monnen.

douth-might n. (in plural) the members of one of the nine orders of the celestial hierarchy, usually equated with powers (power n.¹ 9b).

ΚΠ

OE Glosses to Lorica of Laidcenn (Harl. 585) in E. Pettit Anglo-Saxon Remedies, Charms, & Prayers (2001) I. 42 Archangelos, principatus et potestates, angelos : heahenglas, aldordomas & duguðmehte, ænglas.

Derivatives

douthly adv. virtuously, worthily.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > [adverb]

wellOE

douthlyc1275

thewedlya1400

virtuouslyc1400

morallya1540

virtually1539

mannerly1566

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8406 Þat heo maȝen Drihten duȝeðliche hærien.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	douth
释义	† douthn. Forms: Old English dugað, Old English dugeþ, Old English dugeð, Old English dugheþ (rare), Old English dugoþ, Old English dugoð, Old English dugþ- (inflected form, rare), Old English dugudum (dative plural, transmission error), Old English dugut- (in a compound), Old English duguþ, Old English duguð, early Middle English doȝeþe, early Middle English doweþe, early Middle English duȝden (plural), early Middle English duȝeþe, early Middle English duȝeð, early Middle English duȝeðe, early Middle English duheðe, early Middle English duhȝeðe, early Middle English duhþe, early Middle English duðeðe, early Middle English duweðe, early Middle English ðugede (genitive, probably transmission error), early Middle English ðugeðe (genitive, probably transmission error), Middle English douth, Middle English douthe, Middle English douþe, Middle English duthe, Middle English duþe. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian dugethe , dugede (West Frisian deugd ), Old Dutch dugath (Middle Dutch dōghet , dōgede , Dutch deugd ), Middle Low German dȫget , dȫgent , dȫgede , Old High German tugund , tugundi , tugede (Middle High German tugent , tugende , German Tugend ), and further with Old Icelandic dygð , Old Swedish dyghþ (Swedish dygd ), Old Danish dygth (Danish dyd ), all in sense ‘virtue’ < the Germanic base of dow v.¹ + a suffix forming abstract nouns, of uncertain origin (compare -th suffix¹). Compare later dought n., doughtiness n.The details of the suffixation of the Germanic base are not clear, but it is likely that the West Germanic nouns cited above derive from a form originally showing medial -un- before the dental (compare youth n.), while the Scandinavian nouns show medial -i- . (Compare also the West Germanic nouns discussed at doughty adj. and n.). In Old English the word is usually a strong feminine. The early Middle English compounds (douth-king n., douth-knight n., douth-man n. at Compounds, all with medial -e- ) could alternatively be interpreted as showing genitive compounds (compare Old English genitive singular duguþe ). With douthly adv. at Derivatives compare Old English duguþlic of or relating to a tribune, noble (compare -ly suffix¹). Obsolete. 1. a. Virtue, excellence; nobility; power, wealth. Also in plural in same sense.In quot. lOE with reference to God as the embodiment of power: ‘might of all mights’. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [noun] > and nobility or magnificence douthOE nobilitya1387 splendour1604 heroicalness1647 OE Phoenix 454 He ælmessan earmum dæleð, dugeþa leasum. lOE Metrical Prayer (Julius A.ii) 44 Wealdend engla, ealra dugeþa duguð, drihten hælend. a1250 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Maidstone) (1955) 121 If it so tideþ, þat tu..in þin elde werldes wele woldest, þi duȝeþe gin þu delen þine dere frend hwiles þine daȝes duȝe. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2468 Þa wes þe duc dead, and Brennes hauede his duweðe. b. A good deed; benefit. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > graciousness > favour or grace > instance or act of douthOE wel-dedeOE gooddeedOE boonc1175 fordeedc1230 gracec1300 good turna1375 gratitude?a1513 gratuity1523 favour1605 vouchsafement1629 veniality1655 OE Cynewulf Crist II 601 Ðæt is þæs wyrðe þætte werþeode secgen dryhtne þonc duguða gehwylcre þe us sið ond ær simle gefremede þurh monigfealdra mægna geryno. OE Crist III 1408 Neorxnawonges wlite nyde sceoldes agiefan geomormod.., earg ond unrot, eallum bidæled dugeþum ond dreamum. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5206 Þa duȝeðe þe he us dude whilen. 2. A group of people; esp. an army or retinue.In Old English verse sometimes specifically denoting the older or more experienced among the group and in this use contrasted with youth (see quot. OE¹); cf. sense 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > host of noble warriors douthOE douzepersc1275 the Argive Seven1646 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > collective or retinue hirdc888 douthOE gingc1175 folkc1275 hirdfolcc1275 tail1297 meiniec1300 meiniec1300 routc1325 suitc1325 peoplec1330 leading1382 retinuea1387 repairc1390 retenancea1393 farneta1400 to-draughta1400 sembly14.. sequelc1420 manya1425 followingc1429 affinity?1435 family1438 train1489 estatec1500 port1545 retain1548 equipage1579 suite1579 attendancy1586 attendance1607 tendancea1616 sequacesa1660 cortège1679 OE Andreas (1932) 152 Todælan duguðe and geogoðe, werum to wiste ond to wilþege, fæges flæschoman. OE Exodus 91 Leode ongeton, duguð Israhela, þæt þær drihten cwom weroda drihten, wicsteal metan. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 626 Se cining binnan xii monað wæs gefullod on Eastrum mid eallum his dugoðe. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 25 Maximien..heiende heaðene maumez wið unimeað muchel hird & wið heh duheðe. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13977 Duȝeðe [c1300 Otho doȝeþe] gon sturien. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 61 Þat day doubble on þe dece watȝ þe douth serued. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 2627 Sone as ser Darie þe deth of his douth sees. 3. Adulthood, maturity. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > adult > [noun] > adulthood or maturity full eldOE agec1275 douthc1275 full agec1390 maturitya1475 years?1532 just age1541 just years1541 consistencea1613 grown years1645 legal age1658 adultness1663 adultagea1670 muttonhood1841 adulthood1850 c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 634 Lutle children..Boþ [read Doþ] alþat in hore ȝoeþe, Þat hi uorleteþ in hore duȝeþe. Compounds douth-give n. [ < douth n. + give n.¹] liberality, munificence. ΚΠ OE Royal Charter: Æðelred II to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 914) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 1024 Ic Wulfstan Lundeniscra manna bisceop mines hlafordes dugoðgife æfre geðwærige. douth-king n. the king of a nation. ΚΠ c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12954 Adun him ferde Beduer to his duȝeðe-kinge. douth-knight n. a retainer. ΚΠ c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5070 Þe king ȝeornde Cristin-dom & alle his duȝeþe-cnihtes [c1300 Otho his cnihtes]. douth-man n. a retainer. ΚΠ c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7019 Þe king wes swiðe bliðe..imong his duȝeðe monnen. douth-might n. (in plural) the members of one of the nine orders of the celestial hierarchy, usually equated with powers (power n.¹ 9b). ΚΠ OE Glosses to Lorica of Laidcenn (Harl. 585) in E. Pettit Anglo-Saxon Remedies, Charms, & Prayers (2001) I. 42 Archangelos, principatus et potestates, angelos : heahenglas, aldordomas & duguðmehte, ænglas. Derivatives douthly adv. virtuously, worthily. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > [adverb] wellOE douthlyc1275 thewedlya1400 virtuouslyc1400 morallya1540 virtually1539 mannerly1566 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8406 Þat heo maȝen Drihten duȝeðliche hærien. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.OE
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