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单词 douth
释义

douthn.

Forms: Old English dugað, Old English dugeþ, Old English dugeð, Old English dugheþ (rare), Old English dugoþ, Old English dugoð, Old English dugþ- (inflected form, rare), Old English dugudum (dative plural, transmission error), Old English dugut- (in a compound), Old English duguþ, Old English duguð, early Middle English doȝeþe, early Middle English doweþe, early Middle English duȝden (plural), early Middle English duȝeþe, early Middle English duȝeð, early Middle English duȝeðe, early Middle English duheðe, early Middle English duhȝeðe, early Middle English duhþe, early Middle English duðeðe, early Middle English duweðe, early Middle English ðugede (genitive, probably transmission error), early Middle English ðugeðe (genitive, probably transmission error), Middle English douth, Middle English douthe, Middle English douþe, Middle English duthe, Middle English duþe.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian dugethe , dugede (West Frisian deugd ), Old Dutch dugath (Middle Dutch dōghet , dōgede , Dutch deugd ), Middle Low German dȫget , dȫgent , dȫgede , Old High German tugund , tugundi , tugede (Middle High German tugent , tugende , German Tugend ), and further with Old Icelandic dygð , Old Swedish dyghþ (Swedish dygd ), Old Danish dygth (Danish dyd ), all in sense ‘virtue’ < the Germanic base of dow v.1 + a suffix forming abstract nouns, of uncertain origin (compare -th suffix1). Compare later dought n., doughtiness n.The details of the suffixation of the Germanic base are not clear, but it is likely that the West Germanic nouns cited above derive from a form originally showing medial -un- before the dental (compare youth n.), while the Scandinavian nouns show medial -i- . (Compare also the West Germanic nouns discussed at doughty adj. and n.). In Old English the word is usually a strong feminine. The early Middle English compounds (douth-king n., douth-knight n., douth-man n. at Compounds, all with medial -e- ) could alternatively be interpreted as showing genitive compounds (compare Old English genitive singular duguþe ). With douthly adv. at Derivatives compare Old English duguþlic of or relating to a tribune, noble (compare -ly suffix1).
Obsolete.
1.
a. Virtue, excellence; nobility; power, wealth. Also in plural in same sense.In quot. lOE with reference to God as the embodiment of power: ‘might of all mights’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [noun] > and nobility or magnificence
douthOE
nobilitya1387
splendour1604
heroicalness1647
OE Phoenix 454 He ælmessan earmum dæleð, dugeþa leasum.
lOE Metrical Prayer (Julius A.ii) 44 Wealdend engla, ealra dugeþa duguð, drihten hælend.
a1250 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Maidstone) (1955) 121 If it so tideþ, þat tu..in þin elde werldes wele woldest, þi duȝeþe gin þu delen þine dere frend hwiles þine daȝes duȝe.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2468 Þa wes þe duc dead, and Brennes hauede his duweðe.
b. A good deed; benefit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > graciousness > favour or grace > instance or act of
douthOE
wel-dedeOE
gooddeedOE
boonc1175
fordeedc1230
gracec1300
good turna1375
gratitude?a1513
gratuity1523
favour1605
vouchsafement1629
veniality1655
OE Cynewulf Crist II 601 Ðæt is þæs wyrðe þætte werþeode secgen dryhtne þonc duguða gehwylcre þe us sið ond ær simle gefremede þurh monigfealdra mægna geryno.
OE Crist III 1408 Neorxnawonges wlite nyde sceoldes agiefan geomormod.., earg ond unrot, eallum bidæled dugeþum ond dreamum.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5206 Þa duȝeðe þe he us dude whilen.
2. A group of people; esp. an army or retinue.In Old English verse sometimes specifically denoting the older or more experienced among the group and in this use contrasted with youth (see quot. OE1); cf. sense 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > host of noble warriors
douthOE
douzepersc1275
the Argive Seven1646
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > collective or retinue
hirdc888
douthOE
gingc1175
folkc1275
hirdfolcc1275
tail1297
meiniec1300
meiniec1300
routc1325
suitc1325
peoplec1330
leading1382
retinuea1387
repairc1390
retenancea1393
farneta1400
to-draughta1400
sembly14..
sequelc1420
manya1425
followingc1429
affinity?1435
family1438
train1489
estatec1500
port1545
retain1548
equipage1579
suite1579
attendancy1586
attendance1607
tendancea1616
sequacesa1660
cortège1679
OE Andreas (1932) 152 Todælan duguðe and geogoðe, werum to wiste ond to wilþege, fæges flæschoman.
OE Exodus 91 Leode ongeton, duguð Israhela, þæt þær drihten cwom weroda drihten, wicsteal metan.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 626 Se cining binnan xii monað wæs gefullod on Eastrum mid eallum his dugoðe.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 25 Maximien..heiende heaðene maumez wið unimeað muchel hird & wið heh duheðe.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13977 Duȝeðe [c1300 Otho doȝeþe] gon sturien.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 61 Þat day doubble on þe dece watȝ þe douth serued.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 2627 Sone as ser Darie þe deth of his douth sees.
3. Adulthood, maturity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > adult > [noun] > adulthood or maturity
full eldOE
agec1275
douthc1275
full agec1390
maturitya1475
years?1532
just age1541
just years1541
consistencea1613
grown years1645
legal age1658
adultness1663
adultagea1670
muttonhood1841
adulthood1850
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 634 Lutle children..Boþ [read Doþ] alþat in hore ȝoeþe, Þat hi uorleteþ in hore duȝeþe.

Compounds

douth-give n. [ < douth n. + give n.1] liberality, munificence.
ΚΠ
OE Royal Charter: Æðelred II to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 914) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 1024 Ic Wulfstan Lundeniscra manna bisceop mines hlafordes dugoðgife æfre geðwærige.
douth-king n. the king of a nation.
ΚΠ
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12954 Adun him ferde Beduer to his duȝeðe-kinge.
douth-knight n. a retainer.
ΚΠ
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5070 Þe king ȝeornde Cristin-dom & alle his duȝeþe-cnihtes [c1300 Otho his cnihtes].
douth-man n. a retainer.
ΚΠ
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7019 Þe king wes swiðe bliðe..imong his duȝeðe monnen.
douth-might n. (in plural) the members of one of the nine orders of the celestial hierarchy, usually equated with powers (power n.1 9b).
ΚΠ
OE Glosses to Lorica of Laidcenn (Harl. 585) in E. Pettit Anglo-Saxon Remedies, Charms, & Prayers (2001) I. 42 Archangelos, principatus et potestates, angelos : heahenglas, aldordomas & duguðmehte, ænglas.

Derivatives

douthly adv. virtuously, worthily.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > virtue > [adverb]
wellOE
douthlyc1275
thewedlya1400
virtuouslyc1400
morallya1540
virtually1539
mannerly1566
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8406 Þat heo maȝen Drihten duȝeðliche hærien.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
<
n.OE
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更新时间:2025/3/21 22:02:06