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单词 doughnut
释义

doughnutn.

Brit. /ˈdəʊnʌt/, U.S. /ˈdoʊ(ˌ)nət/
Forms: 1700s donote, 1800s downut, 1800s– doughnut, 1900s– donut (chiefly U.S.).
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: dough n., nut n.1
Etymology: < dough n. + nut n.1
1. Originally U.S. and English regional (southern). A small, spongy, fried cake of sweetened dough, usually in the shape of a ring or ball, and sometimes with a filling. Frequently with modifying word specifying the particular filling, coating, or flavouring, as jelly doughnut, cinnamon doughnut, etc.See also ring doughnut n. at ring n.1 Compounds 2a.(it is) dollars to doughnuts: see dollar n. 3c.
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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > doughnut
dough cakea1631
doughnut1782
olykoek1795
nutcake1801
poffertje1804
zeppole1835
krapfen1845
simball1865
sinker1870
doughnut hole1886
vetkoek1900
bear sign1903
koeksister1904
sinker1906
submarine1916
mandazi1937
1782 T. B. Hazard Diary 11 Feb. in C. Hazard Nailer Tom's Diary (1930) 29/2 Fried Donotes.
1802 Commerc. Advertiser 13 Dec. 2 (advt.) Receipts for making Pumpkin-Pie, Dough Nuts, Sausages, Blood Puddings.
1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. I. iii. iii. 149 An enormous dish of balls of sweetened dough, fried in hog's fat, and called dough nuts, or oly koeks.
a1812 E. Dimsdale Receipt Bk. (2013) 111 Dow Nuts Mrs Fordham. A quarter of a Peck of Flower, a pound of moist Sugar, 10 Eggs [etc.].
1855 Notes & Queries 31 Mar. 239/2 This morning [in Brighstone, Isle of Wight] I was suddenly greeted with a chorus of young boys' voices, chanting..‘I am come to shroving... A piece of your fat bacon, Dough nuts, and pancakes’.
1885 Burlington (Iowa) Hawk-eye 11 Apr. 8/5 You should not fail to take home with you some of my..coffee cake, jelly doughnuts and crackers.
1922 R. A. Clarke Crack in Dish viii. 56 Did you ever taste a cinnamon doughnut? Oh, but they are good!
1959 Michiganensian 63 201 Everybody stops in to exchange the news of the week over coffee and donuts.
1977 V. Glendinning Elizabeth Bowen ii. 26 He took them out and bought them great hot doughnuts oozing jam.
2014 Shields Gaz. (Nexis) 2 Jan. I'm going to try to give up..my addiction to chocolate doughnuts, and go to the gym.
2.
a. colloquial. Something regarded as resembling a ring doughnut in shape; spec. (a) chiefly Navy a ring-shaped life raft; esp. = Carley float at Carley n. (now historical); (b) U.S. a tyre, esp. (in later use) a spare or temporary tyre, considered to be of an inferior quality.Frequently (and earliest) in attributive use.
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the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > annular quality > ring > torus or torus-shaped object
ruff1622
doughnut1884
toroid1886
torus1958
1884 Amer. Jrnl. Obstetr. 17 815 A soft rubber doughnut pessary large enough to closely fit but not distend the vagina.
1905 Bath (Maine) Independent 29 Mar. 1/2 Bath Iron Works build a great many of the doughnut life rafts so called which are really large circular rafts which are used for life saving appliances on large vessels.
1919 Morning Herald (Hagerstown, Maryland) 24 Oct. 10/6 The first thing a girl thinks of..is whether she will wear her hair in doughnuts, or puffs, crimped, curled or straight.
1921 Charlotte (N. Carolina) News 28 Apr. 4/1 To keep these cars..supplied with tires a total of 32,400,000 of the rubber doughnuts were produced last year.
1924 Adventure 10 Nov. 34/1 He could view..a great multitude of empty rafts, ‘doughnuts’ clustered thickly with soldiers like gulls on a log.
1931 Flight 13 Feb. 145/1 The ‘doughnut’ wheels with which the Airwork School machines are being equipped.
1936 M. Allis Eng. Prelude xxviii. 202 An occasional stone doughnut of a sheepfold tells of solitary shepherd vigils.
1960 C. A. Lockwood & H. C. Adamson Trag. at Honda vi. 96 The Coxswain flickered his electric torch as signal that the doughnut could be hauled back to the ship.
1966 Pop. Sci. May 6/1 The unwitting car buyer is being dangerously cheated, safety-wise, on the two-ply tissue-paper doughnuts he gets with his brand-new car.
1985 Math. Mag. 58 160 Twisting the cylinder around until its ends meet to form a doughnut, or torus.
1996 S. King Desperation i. i. 22 ‘Tire’ was much too grand a word for it... It was one of those blow-up doughnuts, good for a run to the nearest service station.
2007 New Yorker 17 Dec. 90/3 One of those inflatable doughnuts for sitting on when you've got anal discomfort.
b. Particle Physics. In a particle accelerator, tokamak, etc.: a ring-shaped vacuum chamber in which a particle beam is contained by magnetic and electric fields. Cf. torus n. Additions.
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the world > matter > gas > air > [noun] > air-pressure > vacuum > chamber
vacuum chambera1877
doughnut1941
1941 Physical Rev. 60 53/2 The electrons from the beam can come out through the glass walls of the doughnut after they strike the target.
1949 Times 12 Aug. 2/3 The essential function of the synchrotron..is achieved by firing a burst of electrons..into an evacuated ‘donut’.
1958 New Statesman 6 Sept. 266/3 In Zeta, the heavy hydrogen particles, forming a ‘plasma’, are contracted into a beam which travelling round in the ‘doughnut’ or ‘torus’ (like a giant motor-tyre) is ‘pinched’.
2010 E. B. Podgorsak Radiation Physics for Med. Physicists (ed. 2) xiv. 624 The electrons are accelerated by the electric field induced in the doughnut by the changing magnetic flux in the magnet.
3. slang (originally U.S.). A manoeuvre or stunt in which the rear end of a motor vehicle is deliberately made to revolve rapidly around the front end (or vice versa) by means of a controlled skid, often leaving ring-shaped tyre marks or tracks. Also: a similar manoeuvre executed by another type of vehicle. Frequently in to do (also spin, cut, etc.) doughnuts.
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society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > [noun] > driving or operating a motor vehicle > specific manoeuvres
reversing1896
U-turn1915
cutting-in1925
doughnut1951
cut-in1958
U-ey1976
1951 Western Folklore 10 248 Jalopy Slang... To peel a doughnut, to make a complete, fast turn.
1967 Hutchinson (Kansas) News 21 Jan. 4 a/4 Who can sustain the longest ‘doughnut’ (spinning in a tight circle) without the 300-pound, hot-tempered motorcycle making a sandwich out of the rider and the ground.
1985 Los Angeles Times 6 Jan. (South Bay section) xi. 4/3 Two men..were in a truck in a parking area near Marineland ‘doing doughnuts’, spinning their wheels and driving around in circles, when ‘they just lost their bearings’ and plunged to their deaths below.
1994 Boating July 54/1 Rumbling over 6″ wavelets..the Concept tracked well. Cutting doughnuts, it took some light spray aboard.
1999 N.Y. Times Mag. 22 Aug. 36/1 A freckled friend of Sex Machine's loops around him on his bicycle, lazily doing doughnuts.
2005 J. N. Malcolm Write Stuff iii. 37 He was spinning donuts in his new Jeep Wrangler on the gravel behind the stadium after school. He was showing off for the girls.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective, as doughnut box, doughnut maker, doughnut shop, etc.
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1872 Evening Jrnl. (Indianapolis) 31 Dec. The ‘Doughnut Makers’ will not hold a convention until lard is cheaper in Cincinnati.
1919 Democrat-Tribune (Jefferson City) 15 Nov. 1/3 He operates several of these exclusive doughnut shops.
1989 Computerworld (Nexis) 24 Apr. 17 I placed the donut box where people would immediately see it as they walked in the door.
2015 D. Goldstein Oxf. Compan. Sugar & Sweets 227/1 Levitt's Mayflower shops were the first national doughnut chain.
C2.
doughnut cutter n. (a) a utensil for cutting or shaping ring doughnuts from dough; (b) a person employed to cut or shape doughnuts.
ΚΠ
1870 S. Cooke U.S. Patent 102,225 1/2 D represents the lid and doughnut-cutter... A represents the inside of the cutter, and B, the hollow tube in the center of the cutter, which cuts the hole in the doughnut.
1936 San Antonio (Texas) Express 20 June 11/4 (advt.) Wanted—an experienced doughnut cutter. Apply 433 Elmhurst.
2004 Portland (Maine) Press Herald (Nexis) 26 Feb. 2 g A lot of bakeries are automated, so there is a lack of trained donut cutters.
2007 1001 Foods to die For 848/2 The ring doughnut is made either by joining the ends of a long strip of dough into a ring, or by using a doughnut cutter.
doughnut hole n. (a) the hole in the centre of a ring doughnut; also in extended use; (b) U.S. a bite-sized, spherical doughnut (so called because originally made of the dough cut from the centre of a ring doughnut).
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the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [noun]
holec725
thirla900
eyeOE
opena1200
opening?c1225
overturec1400
overta1425
wideness?c1425
howe1487
hiatus1563
vent1594
apertion1599
ferme1612
notch1615
sluice1648
gape1658
aperture1661
want1664
door1665
hiulcitya1681
to pass through the eye of a needle (also a needle's eye)1720
vista1727
light1776
ope1832
lacuna1872
doughnut hole1886
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > doughnut
dough cakea1631
doughnut1782
olykoek1795
nutcake1801
poffertje1804
zeppole1835
krapfen1845
simball1865
sinker1870
doughnut hole1886
vetkoek1900
bear sign1903
koeksister1904
sinker1906
submarine1916
mandazi1937
1886 Boston Daily Globe 9 Mar. 4/5 We would like to ask..where the hole of a doughnut goes to when a person eats around it, and can a man get fat on a diet of doughnut holes?
1922 Herald of Gospel Liberty 5 Oct. 955/3 She apportioned things with strict fairness,..a seed cooky apiece, three little gold brown ‘doughnut holes’ apiece—dear grandmother always fried the holes for them—and the great red apple in the middle of the table.
1956 Times 22 Oct. 9/4 Smaller holes for doughnuts... Doughnut holes are to be smaller.
1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 18 Oct. 52/3 [She] is lying with her head thrust into a footwide doughnut hole at the center of a large, metal positron-emission tomography (PET) scanner.
2003 L. F. Winner Mudhouse Sabbath iv. 41 What single woman wants to get stuck at coffee hour eating donut holes with her mom?
doughnut peach n. a cultivar of peach, Prunus persica var. platycarpa, having white or pale yellow flesh, yellow and red skin, and a flattened shape.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > peach > types of peach
presse1604
avant-peach1611
man peach1629
nutmeg1629
Roman peach1629
muscat1664
Rambouillet1664
winter peach1664
rumbullion1670
Orleans1674
pavie1675
Magdalenea1678
minion1691
admirable1693
maudlin1699
clingstone1705
nipple peach1719
rareripe1722
melter1766
vanguard1786
freestone1807
cling1845
lemon cling1848
peregrine1903
doughnut peach1993
1993 N.Y. Times 18 Aug. c10/2 Grace's Marketplace..has started selling a new kind of white peach, called a Donut peach.
1996 F. Popcorn & L. Marigold Clicking ii. 114 A box of plump purple figs, tart kumquats, donut peaches (a trendy mutant fruit).
2002 S. Raichlen Beer-can Chicken 298 What most of us didn't appreciate at the time is just how well suited the flat shape of a doughnut peach is to grilling.
doughnut-shaped adj. resembling a ring doughnut in shape; ring-shaped, toroidal.
ΚΠ
1878 Harper's Mag. May 946/1 The doughnut-shaped perforated stones sent by him in great numbers to the National Museum.
1941 Time 29 Dec. 44/3 ‘The heart of the betatron,’ explains Inventor Kerst, ‘is a doughnut-shaped glass vacuum tube between the poles of a large electromagnet.’
1962 Sci. Surv. 3 108 The effect..may be produced by toroidal (or doughnut-shaped) magnetic fields encircling the sun.
2007 A. Wyler Dead Head xxxi. 204 He'd sent Hussein..to buy a donut-shaped cushion, the type hemorrhoid sufferers rely on.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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