amalgamn.

/əˈmælɡəm/

Forms: Middle English malgam, amalgame, (1600s amalagma), Middle English–1800s amalgama, Middle English– amalgam.

Etymology: < French amalgame (15th cent. in Litt.), and, in the formerly common amalgama, of medieval Latin, in which the word was in regular alchemical use in 13th cent. Usually taken as a perversion of Latin malagma (in Pliny and the physicians) a mollifying poultice or plaster, < Greek μάλαγμα an emollient, < μαλάσσ-ειν (stem μαλακ-) to soften; or of an Arabic adaptation of μάλαγμα with prefixed al- (as in al-chemy, al-embic, etc.): see the form (of the vb.) almalgamynge in one MS. of Chaucer, and algamala in Du Cange. Bacon's spelling amalagma was refashioned after malagma. Other early writers associated it with Greek ἅμα together, and γάμος marriage. Devic (Littré Suppl.) suggests a direct Arabic derivation, taking an early variant algame as < Arabic al-jamʿ (originally al-gamʿa) union, conjunction, < jamaʿa to unite, and conjecturing for amalgame ʿamal al-jamʿ ‘the operation of conjunction,’ or al-majāmiʿ marriage union. But no instance of the use of these, as chemical terms, is cited from Arabic writers.

a. orig. A soft mass formed by chemical manipulation, esp. a soft or plastic condition of gold, silver, etc. produced by combination with mercury; hence, now, any mixture of a metal with mercury, a mercurial alloy, as gold amalgam, copper amalgam, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > mercury alloys or amalgam > soft or spongy

amalgam1471

pina1604

gold amalgam1795

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > mercury alloys or amalgam

argenture1576

magnesia1651

amalgam1665

philosophers' tree1692

philosophical tree1703

quick1852

native amalgam1875

1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Brit. 1652 ix. 174 When the Medcyn as wax doth flowe, Than uppon Malgams loke thou hyt throw.

1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Brit. 1652 ix. 191 Many Amalgame dyd I make.

1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 380/1 Beete a Ducket verye thinne..put therof j dr. to j oz. of Quicksiluer..The Amalgama must you wash with Saulte and Vineger.

1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 23 An Amalgama of Gold and Virgin-Mercury.

1758 W. Lewis in Philos. Trans. 1757 (Royal Soc.) 50 156 An amalgam of one part of platina and two of gold with a suitable quantity of mercury.

1782 Kirwan in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 72 217 An amalgama of lead and mercury decrepitates when heated.

1869 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. (new ed.) xix. 200 An amalgam of ammonium can easily be prepared by [etc.].

b. native amalgam n. an amalgam of mercury with silver or gold, found crystalline, massive, or semi-fluid in various countries.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > mercury alloys or amalgam

argenture1576

magnesia1651

amalgam1665

philosophers' tree1692

philosophical tree1703

quick1852

native amalgam1875

1875 A. Ure Dict. Arts I. 133 A native amalgam of mercury and silver occurs in fine crystals in the mines of Moschellandsberg, in the Palatinate..A gold amalgam is obtained from the platinum region of Columbia.

2. Extended to, An intimate (plastic) mixture or compound of any two or more substances.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > [noun] > compound of two or more materials

amalgam1626

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical admixture or isolation > [noun] > amalgam

amalgam1626

1626 Bacon Sylva Sylvarum §99 The Body of the Wood will be turned into a kind of Amalagma.

1650 E. Ashmole Arcanum in A. Dee Fasciculus Chem. (ed. 3) 252 Let three weights of Red Earth..Water and Aire, well beaten, be mixt together: let an Amalgama be made like Butter, or Metalline Paste.

1828 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. I. xv. 497 The bees sometimes mix wax and propolis and make an amalgam.

3. fig. A complete combination of various elements. Also attrib.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > [noun] > a combination

combination?1533

composition1556

composure1609

composture1614

compound1621

annexationa1626

conjugation1626

complexiona1637

composta1640

consistence1641

conferrumination1647

compositum1652

copulation1774

amalgam1790

amalgamation1828

combo1929

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 274 They have attempted to confound all sorts of citizens..into one homogeneous mass; and then they divided this their amalgama into..republics.

1823 W. Hone Anc. Myst. Described 187 Custom is an amalgam of sense and folly.

1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians II. lvi. 210 [They] go by the familiar appellation of the amalgam name of ‘Sacs and Foxes.’

1863 C. Cowden Clarke Shakespeare-characters ii. 60 Touchstone's philosophy,—a choice and rich amalgam of sweet temper and untiring humour.

4. An ingredient in an amalgam; an ‘alloy’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [noun] > admixture or addition as ingredient > that which is added as an ingredient

leavena1393

intermixture1586

admixture1607

amalgam1841

additive1901

1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes v. 283 Few men were without quackery; they had got to consider it a necessary ingredient and amalgam for truth.

1867 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 I. iii. 126 No tin or other amalgam.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1884; most recently modified version published online March 2011).

aˈmalgamv.

Etymology: < French amalgame-r (14th cent. in Littré); < amalgame : see amalgam n. Now repl. by amalgamate v.

arch.

†1. trans. To soften by combination with mercury; to alloy with mercury. Obs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to specific mercury process or reaction > subject to amalgamation

amalgamc1386

amalgamize1599

amalgamatizea1626

amalgamate1660

c1386 [implied in: Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 218 The care and wo That we hadde in amalgamynge [v.r. almalgamynge, a malgamynge] and calcenynge Of quyksilver.].

1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Brit. 1652 ix. 174 They Amalgam ther Bodys wyth Mercury lyke papp.

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. iii. sig. D4^v, What is some three Ounces..Of Gold, t' amalgame, with some sixe of Mercurie.

†2. intr. To enter into combination with mercury.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > undergo chemical reactions or processes [verb (intransitive)] > undergo chemical reactions or processes (named) > undergo specific mercury process or reaction > undergo amalgamation

amalgam1583

amalgamate1728

1583 H. Platt Jewell-house (1594) iii. 79 If you put Mercurie therein it will amalgame with it.

a1691 R. Boyle Wks. (1772) I. 638 (R.) Quicksilver easily amalgams with metals.

3. trans. To coat or cover with amalgam.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > coat or cover with metal > with specific metal

tin1398

leadc1440

ironc1450

lay1472

copper1530

braze1552

silverize1605

foliate1665

plate1686

whiten1687

foil1714

blanch1729

quicken1738

amalgam1789

quick1790

aluminize1791

plate1791

zincify1801

platinize1825

resilver1832

galvanize1839

electroplate1843

zinc1843

electro-silver1851

platinate1858

electrotin1859

white-lead1863

palladiumize1864

white-metal1864

brassc1865

nickelize1865

nickel-plate1872

nickel1875

stopper1884

electro1891

sherardize1904

steel1911

stellite1934

flame-plate1954

steel-face1961

1789 W. Nicholson Electr. in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 79 272, I pasted a piece of leather upon a thin flat piece of wood, then amalgamed its whole surface.

4. fig. To combine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > combine [verb (transitive)]

compoundc1384

combind1477

consolidate1511

combinea1535

conjoin1554

consociate1566

associate1578

mingle1587

symbolize1590

compack1605

cojoina1616

to run into ——1640

to put together1651

amalgamate1802

integrate1802

conferruminate1826

amalgam1827

synthetize1828

synthesize1830

portmanteau1902

team1939

synchronize1973

1827 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth II. 254 They transferred the intelligence to human forms instead of amalgaming it as we do with the material objects themselves.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1884; most recently modified version published online March 2011).

单词	amalgam
释义	amalgamn. /əˈmælɡəm/ Forms: Middle English malgam, amalgame, (1600s amalagma), Middle English–1800s amalgama, Middle English– amalgam. Etymology: < French amalgame (15th cent. in Litt.), and, in the formerly common amalgama, of medieval Latin, in which the word was in regular alchemical use in 13th cent. Usually taken as a perversion of Latin malagma (in Pliny and the physicians) a mollifying poultice or plaster, < Greek μάλαγμα an emollient, < μαλάσσ-ειν (stem μαλακ-) to soften; or of an Arabic adaptation of μάλαγμα with prefixed al- (as in al-chemy, al-embic, etc.): see the form (of the vb.) almalgamynge in one MS. of Chaucer, and algamala in Du Cange. Bacon's spelling amalagma was refashioned after malagma. Other early writers associated it with Greek ἅμα together, and γάμος marriage. Devic (Littré Suppl.) suggests a direct Arabic derivation, taking an early variant algame as < Arabic al-jamʿ (originally al-gamʿa) union, conjunction, < jamaʿa to unite, and conjecturing for amalgame ʿamal al-jamʿ ‘the operation of conjunction,’ or al-majāmiʿ marriage union. But no instance of the use of these, as chemical terms, is cited from Arabic writers. 1. a. orig. A soft mass formed by chemical manipulation, esp. a soft or plastic condition of gold, silver, etc. produced by combination with mercury; hence, now, any mixture of a metal with mercury, a mercurial alloy, as gold amalgam, copper amalgam, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > mercury alloys or amalgam > soft or spongy amalgam1471 pina1604 gold amalgam1795 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > mercury alloys or amalgam argenture1576 magnesia1651 amalgam1665 philosophers' tree1692 philosophical tree1703 quick1852 native amalgam1875 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Brit. 1652 ix. 174 When the Medcyn as wax doth flowe, Than uppon Malgams loke thou hyt throw. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Brit. 1652 ix. 191 Many Amalgame dyd I make. 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 380/1 Beete a Ducket verye thinne..put therof j dr. to j oz. of Quicksiluer..The Amalgama must you wash with Saulte and Vineger. 1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 23 An Amalgama of Gold and Virgin-Mercury. 1758 W. Lewis in Philos. Trans. 1757 (Royal Soc.) 50 156 An amalgam of one part of platina and two of gold with a suitable quantity of mercury. 1782 Kirwan in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 72 217 An amalgama of lead and mercury decrepitates when heated. 1869 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. (new ed.) xix. 200 An amalgam of ammonium can easily be prepared by [etc.]. b. native amalgam n. an amalgam of mercury with silver or gold, found crystalline, massive, or semi-fluid in various countries. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > mercury alloys or amalgam argenture1576 magnesia1651 amalgam1665 philosophers' tree1692 philosophical tree1703 quick1852 native amalgam1875 1875 A. Ure Dict. Arts I. 133 A native amalgam of mercury and silver occurs in fine crystals in the mines of Moschellandsberg, in the Palatinate..A gold amalgam is obtained from the platinum region of Columbia. 2. Extended to, An intimate (plastic) mixture or compound of any two or more substances. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > [noun] > compound of two or more materials amalgam1626 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical admixture or isolation > [noun] > amalgam amalgam1626 1626 Bacon Sylva Sylvarum §99 The Body of the Wood will be turned into a kind of Amalagma. 1650 E. Ashmole Arcanum in A. Dee Fasciculus Chem. (ed. 3) 252 Let three weights of Red Earth..Water and Aire, well beaten, be mixt together: let an Amalgama be made like Butter, or Metalline Paste. 1828 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. I. xv. 497 The bees sometimes mix wax and propolis and make an amalgam. 3. fig. A complete combination of various elements. Also attrib. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > [noun] > a combination combination?1533 composition1556 composure1609 composture1614 compound1621 annexationa1626 conjugation1626 complexiona1637 composta1640 consistence1641 conferrumination1647 compositum1652 copulation1774 amalgam1790 amalgamation1828 combo1929 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 274 They have attempted to confound all sorts of citizens..into one homogeneous mass; and then they divided this their amalgama into..republics. View more context for this quotation 1823 W. Hone Anc. Myst. Described 187 Custom is an amalgam of sense and folly. 1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians II. lvi. 210 [They] go by the familiar appellation of the amalgam name of ‘Sacs and Foxes.’ 1863 C. Cowden Clarke Shakespeare-characters ii. 60 Touchstone's philosophy,—a choice and rich amalgam of sweet temper and untiring humour. 4. An ingredient in an amalgam; an ‘alloy’. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [noun] > admixture or addition as ingredient > that which is added as an ingredient leavena1393 intermixture1586 admixture1607 amalgam1841 additive1901 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes v. 283 Few men were without quackery; they had got to consider it a necessary ingredient and amalgam for truth. 1867 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 I. iii. 126 No tin or other amalgam. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1884; most recently modified version published online March 2011). aˈmalgamv. Etymology: < French amalgame-r (14th cent. in Littré); < amalgame : see amalgam n. Now repl. by amalgamate v. arch. †1. trans. To soften by combination with mercury; to alloy with mercury. Obs. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to specific mercury process or reaction > subject to amalgamation amalgamc1386 amalgamize1599 amalgamatizea1626 amalgamate1660 c1386 [implied in: Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 218 The care and wo That we hadde in amalgamynge [v.r. almalgamynge, a malgamynge] and calcenynge Of quyksilver.]. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Brit. 1652 ix. 174 They Amalgam ther Bodys wyth Mercury lyke papp. 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. iii. sig. D4^v, What is some three Ounces..Of Gold, t' amalgame, with some sixe of Mercurie. †2. intr. To enter into combination with mercury. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > undergo chemical reactions or processes [verb (intransitive)] > undergo chemical reactions or processes (named) > undergo specific mercury process or reaction > undergo amalgamation amalgam1583 amalgamate1728 1583 H. Platt Jewell-house (1594) iii. 79 If you put Mercurie therein it will amalgame with it. a1691 R. Boyle Wks. (1772) I. 638 (R.) Quicksilver easily amalgams with metals. 3. trans. To coat or cover with amalgam. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > coat or cover with metal > with specific metal tin1398 leadc1440 ironc1450 lay1472 copper1530 braze1552 silverize1605 foliate1665 plate1686 whiten1687 foil1714 blanch1729 quicken1738 amalgam1789 quick1790 aluminize1791 plate1791 zincify1801 platinize1825 resilver1832 galvanize1839 electroplate1843 zinc1843 electro-silver1851 platinate1858 electrotin1859 white-lead1863 palladiumize1864 white-metal1864 brassc1865 nickelize1865 nickel-plate1872 nickel1875 stopper1884 electro1891 sherardize1904 steel1911 stellite1934 flame-plate1954 steel-face1961 1789 W. Nicholson Electr. in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 79 272, I pasted a piece of leather upon a thin flat piece of wood, then amalgamed its whole surface. 4. fig. To combine. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > combine [verb (transitive)] compoundc1384 combind1477 consolidate1511 combinea1535 conjoin1554 consociate1566 associate1578 mingle1587 symbolize1590 compack1605 cojoina1616 to run into ——1640 to put together1651 amalgamate1802 integrate1802 conferruminate1826 amalgam1827 synthetize1828 synthesize1830 portmanteau1902 team1939 synchronize1973 1827 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth II. 254 They transferred the intelligence to human forms instead of amalgaming it as we do with the material objects themselves. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1884; most recently modified version published online March 2011). < n.1471v.c1386
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