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单词 dram
释义

dramn.1

/dram/
Forms: Also Middle English drame, Middle English–1600s dramme.
Etymology: phonetic spelling of earlier drachm n., dragm , also in Old French drame . See also drachma n., dirham n.
†1. = drachm n. 1, the ancient Greek coin. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > classical coins > [noun] > ancient Greek
obolOE
drachmc1384
mnamc1400
dramc1440
mina1495
groat1526
didrachm1548
drachma1579
obolus1579
tetradrachm1579
obole1598
philippic1651
stater1685
tetrobol1693
tridrachm1771
pentadrachm1827
triobol1837
octadrachm1848
decadrachm1856
lepton1877
dodecadrachm1881
diobol1887
trihemiobol1887
distater1895
hemiobol1921
c1440 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) i. xlviii What woman..that hath lost a drame.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. QQQvv A certayn quoyn..called a drame.
2. A weight, originally the ancient Greek drachma n.; hence, in Apothecaries' weight, a weight of 60 grains = 1/ 8 of an ounce; in Avoirdupois weight, of 271/ 3 grains = 1/ 16 of an ounce; = drachm n. 2. Also the Arabic dirhem (dirham n.), used from Morocco to Persia (now Iran) and Ethiopia.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > drachm or dram
drachma1398
dramc1440
drachma1527
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 130/2 Drame, wyghte, drama, dragma.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. iii. f. 12 Stones of gold weighing .x. or .xii. drammes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. iii. 220 Yes good faith, eu'ry dramme of it, and I will not bate thee a scruple. View more context for this quotation
1736 Compl. Family-piece i. i. 27 A Dram of Saffron, tied in a Rag.
1892 W. K. Burton Mod. Photogr. (ed. 10) 17 Four ounces of sulphide of soda..one dram of citric acid.
3. (a) A fluid dram (= 1/ 8 fluid ounce) of medicine, etc.; hence (b) A small draught of cordial, stimulant, or spirituous liquor. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > [noun] > a drink of
dramc1590
sopie1687
short1823
something damp or shortc1831
hooker1833
jigger1836
snifter1844
short drink1883
snort1889
taggeen1899
shot1928
shorty1931
shooter1971
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > [noun] > specific quantity of
dramc1590
leaguer1712
finger1820
glassful1841
four1869
nip1869
half1888
two1894
snifter1910
treble1968
balloon1973
triple1981
peg2003
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > restoratives, tonics, or stimulants > [noun] > restorative > draught of
dramc1590
c1590 Sir Thomas More (1844) 93 Thou shalt see me take a dramme..Shall cure the stone.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet v. i. 60 Giue me a dram of some such speeding geere. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) i. ii. 322.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 38 Surely..hee must put more drammes and drugges to the Physicke.
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 242 I have a cordial of Mr. Forgetgoods making, the which, Sir, if you will take a dram of..it may make you bonny and blith. View more context for this quotation
1713 A. Pope Narr. Robert Norris 17 The Dram, Sir? Mr. Lintott drank up all the Geneva just now.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xv. iv. 216 You certainly want a Cordial. I must send to Lady Edgely for one of her best Drams . View more context for this quotation
1753 Extracts Trial J. Stewart in Scots Mag. July 338/2 They went in, and drunk some drams.
a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. i. 383 Unless you keep up their spirits continually with a dram of the same [variety].
1807 Ann. Reg. 80 They were like a dram given to the country which for the moment might increase its power, but which would be followed by greater languor and debility.
1877 W. Black Green Pastures xxxi She to her spinning-wheel and he to his long clay and his dram.
4. figurative (of 2 and 3.) = drachm n. 3.
ΘΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount
speckc725
littleOE
somethingc1200
lutewihtc1230
little whatc1384
ouncec1387
lap1393
smalla1400
modicumc1400
nekedc1400
spota1413
tinec1420
nieveful?a1425
handfulc1443
mouthful?c1450
smatchc1456
weec1480
quern1503
halfpennyworth1533
groatsworth1562
dram1566
shellful1578
trickle1580
snatch1592
sprinkling1594
fleck1598
snip1598
pittance1600
lick1603
fingerful1604
modicum1606
thimbleful1607
flash1614
dasha1616
pipa1616
pickle1629
drachm1635
cue1654
smack1693
starn1720
bit1753
kenning1787
minikin1787
tate1805
starnie1808
sprat1815
harl1821
skerrick1825
smallums1828
huckleberry1832
scrimp1840
thimble1841
smite1843
nattering1859
sensation1859
spurt1859
pauchlea1870
mention1891
sketch1894
sputterings1894
scrappet1901
titch1937
tad1940
skosh1959
smattering1973
1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. Biij No dram he had of constancy.
1646 P. Bulkley Gospel-covenant i. 77 Wrath, without any dram of mercy to allay the bitternesse of the cup.
1709 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 11 Mar. Having not one dram of Learning.
5. Canadian and U.S. A collection of ‘cribs’, forming a section of a raft of staves: see quot. 1892 and cf. crib n. 14 (Perhaps a distinct word.)
ΚΠ
1878 Encycl. Brit. IV. 774/2 [article Canada] The cribs floated from the far inland timber limits are collected into what are called drams..and so many drams form a raft.
1892 Eng. Illustr. Mag. Sept. 885 A raft is made into sections, or ‘drams’, each..about 200 feet long and fifty feet wide. About ten ‘drams’ make a raft.

Compounds

C1. General attributive. (In sense 3.)
dram-bottle n.
Π
1887 E. C. Stanton et al. Hist. Woman Suffrage II. xix. 211 Now, said he, it is a rare thing to find a dram-bottle in the home.
dram-cup n.
Π
1674 London Gaz. No. 851/4 Two Silver Beakers, and two Silver Dram Cups.
1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World II. 151 By flourishing a dice-box in one hand, she generally comes to brandish a dram cup in the other.
dram-dish n.
Π
1722 London Gaz. No. 6079/9 One small Dram Dish.
dram-dose n.
Π
1911 Southern Pharmaceut. Jrnl. Jan. 184/2 We wish to prescribe 10 minims of tincture of mix vomica to each dram dose of a mixture.
dram-glass n.
Π
1716 J. Addison Drummer iii. 30 I have a Dram-Glass just by.
dram-house n.
ΘΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tavern or public house
houseOE
tavern1297
tavern-housea1400
sunc1400
tap-house1500
tippling-housea1549
innsc1550
bousing-inn1575
ivy-bush1576
osteria1580
ordinary1590
caback1591
taberna1593
bousing-house1594
pothouse1598
red lattice1604
cupping-house1615
public house1617
busha1625
Wirtshaus1650
bibbery1653
cabaret1656
gaming ordinary1667
public1685
shop1695
bibbing-housea1704
dram-shop1725
gill house1728
rum shop1738
buvette1753
dram-house1753
grog-shop1790
wine-vault1791
pub1800
pulperia1818
pulqueria1822
potation-shop1823
rum hole1825
Wirtschaft1834
drunkery1836
pot shop1837
drinkery1840
rum mill1844
khazi1846
beer-shop1848
boozer1895
rub-a-dub1898
Weinstube1899
rubbity-dub1905
peg house1922
rub-a-dub-dub1932
rubbity1941
Stube1946
superpub1964
1753 Extracts Trial J. Stewart in Scots Mag. Aug. 393/2 They drank two or three drams at a dram-house.
dram-pot n.
Π
1691 Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 197 And make themselves drunk with their dram-pots.
dram-weight n.
Π
1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Dramma, a Dram-waight.
1632 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 88 Sell not one dram-weight of God's truth.
C2.
dram-drinker n. one addicted to drinking drams, a tippler.
ΘΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess
houndOE
drinkerc1200
keach-cup?c1225
gulchcupa1250
bollerc1320
taverner1340
ale stake?1515
wine-bibber1535
bibber1536
swill-bowl1542
malt-wormc1550
rinse-pitcher1552
bibblera1556
ale knight1556
tosspot1568
ring-pigger1570
troll-the-bowl1575
malt-bug1577
gossip-pint-pot1580
black pot1582
alehouse knight1583
worrier1584
suck-spigot1585
bezzle1592
bezzlera1593
cup-leech1593
soaker1593
carouser1596
barley-cap1598
swiller1598
rob-pot1599
Philistine1600
sponge1600
wine-knight1601
fill-knaga1605
reel-pot1604
faithful1609
fill-pot1609
bouser1611
spigot-sucker1611
suck-pint1611
whip-can1611
bib-all-night1612
afternoon man1615
potling1616
Bacchanalian1617
bombard1617
pot-shot1617
potisuge1620
trougha1625
tumbrila1625
borachioa1627
pot-leech1630
kill-pota1637
biberon1637
bang-pitcher1639
son of Bacchusc1640
shuffler1642
suck-bottlea1652
swill-pot1653
poter1657
potatora1660
old soaker1665
fuddle cap1666
old toast1668
bubber1669
toper1673
ale-toast1691
Bacchant1699
fuddler1699
swill-belly1699
tickle-pitcher1699
whetter1709
draughtsmanc1720
bender1728
drammer1740
dram-drinker1744
drammist1756
rum-bud1805
siper1805
Bacchanal1812
boozera1819
rum-sucker1819
soak1820
imp of the spigot1821
polyposist1821
wineskin1821
sack-guzzler1823
sitfast1828
swill-flagon1829
cup-man1834
swiper1836
Lushington1851
lushing-man1859
bloat1860
pottle pot1860
tipsificator1873
tipsifier1873
pegger1874
swizzler1876
bibulant1883
toss-cup1883
lusher1895
stew-bum1902
shicker1906
stiff1907
souse1915
booze-hound1926
stumblebum1932
tanker1932
lush-hound1935
lushy1944
lush-head1945
binge drinker1946
pisshead1946
hophead1948
1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) §108 Some tough dram-drinker.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 554 An old dram drinker or an old opium eater.
dram-drinking n. tippling.
ΘΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > drinking intoxicating liquor
bottle1593
potting1594
cupping1614
bubbing1665
dram-drinking1772
dramminga1790
suction1817
bibation1830
bibbery1831
poculation1837
smiling1858
nipping1880
bibulation1882
liquidation1889
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun]
overdrinkeOE
drinkingc1200
excessc1386
bibbinga1400
bollingc1540
boozingc1540
bousingc1540
swillingc1563
tippling1567
carousing1582
swinking1590
bezzling1598
swill1602
swink1611
overdrinking1616
popination1623
sottishness1648
fuddling1665
toping1668
bibbership1670
abuse1732
dram-drinking1772
dramminga1790
potation1808
spree1811
muzzling1828
bibbery1831
Bacchanalianism1855
Bacchanalism1858
smiling1858
bibulation1882
tanking1891
reeler1950
1772 Wilmer in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 341 Her old custom of dram-drinking.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

dramn.2

Etymology: Short for Drammen.
Timber from Drammen in Norway. Also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > imported wood
estrich board1350
raff1391
Sweden boards1503
dram1663
1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 64 Yellow Fur (called Dram) being very good.
1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 721 You must take the finest streightest grain of your Dram deal.
1858 Skyring's Builders' Prices 62 It is customary to allow four cuts..when cut by the load, and two to the Berwick or dram, ditto.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

† dramadj.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Compare Gaelic trom, heavy, sad, melancholy.
Scottish.
Sad, melancholy.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective]
sorelyc888
gramec893
sorrowfuleOE
unblithec897
sorryeOE
carefulOE
charyOE
sickOE
yomerOE
sorry-moodOE
sweerc1000
yomerlyOE
sorrilyOE
woea1200
balec1220
sorry?c1225
sorec1275
sorec1275
gremefula1300
sada1300
ruthlyc1300
thoughtfulc1300
woebegonea1325
heavyc1330
grievousc1374
woefula1375
sorrowya1382
dereful?a1400
sorousa1400
sytefula1400
teenfula1400
wrotha1400
balefulc1400
tristy?c1400
tristc1420
dolefulc1430
wapped in woec1440
yhevidc1440
dolenta1450
condolentc1460
discomforted1477
tristfula1492
sorrow1496
dram?a1513
dolorous1513
earnful?1527
troublous1535
amort1546
mournfula1558
passioned1560
sadded1566
tristive1578
distressed1586
passionate1586
sorrowed1596
distressful1601
passionful1605
sighful1606
contristed1625
anguishinga1642
sadful1658
saddened1665
tristitious1694
sick as a parrot1705
pangful1727
woesome1778
grieving1807
ruesome1833
yearned1838
doleant1861
mournsome1869
thoughted1869
tragical1887
grief-stricken1905
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 237 I pray, That newir dolour mak him dram.
a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iv. Prol. 157 Quhat honeste or renoun is tobe dram?
1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. x. 16 Paill of the face..Deid eyit, dram lyke.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

dramv.

Etymology: < dram n.1
1. intransitive. To drink drams; to tipple.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [verb (intransitive)] > drink intoxicating liquor
to wet (one's) whistle, weasand, mouth, beak, beardc1386
bibc1400
to kiss the cupa1420
drawa1500
refresh1644
mug1653
bub1654
jug1681
whiffle1693
dram1740
wet1783
to suck (also sup) the monkey1785
stimulate1800
lush1811
taste1823
liquor1839
oil1841
paint1853
irrigate1856
nip1858
smile1858
peg1874
gargle1889
shicker1906
stop1924
bevvy1934
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (intransitive)]
to drink deepa1300
bousec1300
bibc1400
to drink drunk1474
quaff1520
to set cock on the hoopa1535
boll1535
quass1549
tipple1560
swillc1563
carouse1567
guzzle1579
fuddle1588
overdrink1603
to drink the three outs1622
to bouse it1623
sota1639
drifflec1645
to drink like a fisha1653
tope1668
soak1687
to play at swig1688
to soak one's clay (or face)1704
impote1721
rosin1730
dram1740
booze1768
to suck (also sup) the monkey1785
swattle1785
lush1811
to lift up the little finger1812
to lift one's (or the) elbow1823
to crook one's elbow or little finger1825
jollify1830
to bowse up the jib1836
swizzle1847
peg1874
to hit the booze, bottle, jug, pot1889
to tank up1902
sozzle1937
to belt the bottle1941
indulge1953
1740 [see drammer n. at Derivatives].
1752 H. Walpole Let. 28 Aug. (1903) III. 124 Melancholy..is not strong enough, and he grows to dram with Horror!
1755 Connoisseur No. 53. ⁋5 To dram it by authority, and to get tipsy secundum artem.
2. transitive. To give a dram or drams to; to ply with stimulants.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [verb (transitive)]
birleOE
drenchc1000
shenchOE
adrenchc1275
to drink to1297
tap1401
skinkc1405
propinec1450
brince?1567
liquor1575
to do right1600
dram1770
butler1826
jerk1868
to set up1880
drink1883
bartend1948
to break out1962
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > treat with drugs [verb (transitive)] > treat with stimulants
cordializea1649
dram1770
stimulate1905
1770 T. Warton For Year 1770 in Poet. Wks. (1802) 216 Dram your poor Newsman clad in rags!
1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes I. xxviii. 274 The parents..are getting ready their daughter for sale..praying her and imploring her, and dramming her and coaxing her.

Derivatives

ˈdrammer n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess
houndOE
drinkerc1200
keach-cup?c1225
gulchcupa1250
bollerc1320
taverner1340
ale stake?1515
wine-bibber1535
bibber1536
swill-bowl1542
malt-wormc1550
rinse-pitcher1552
bibblera1556
ale knight1556
tosspot1568
ring-pigger1570
troll-the-bowl1575
malt-bug1577
gossip-pint-pot1580
black pot1582
alehouse knight1583
worrier1584
suck-spigot1585
bezzle1592
bezzlera1593
cup-leech1593
soaker1593
carouser1596
barley-cap1598
swiller1598
rob-pot1599
Philistine1600
sponge1600
wine-knight1601
fill-knaga1605
reel-pot1604
faithful1609
fill-pot1609
bouser1611
spigot-sucker1611
suck-pint1611
whip-can1611
bib-all-night1612
afternoon man1615
potling1616
Bacchanalian1617
bombard1617
pot-shot1617
potisuge1620
trougha1625
tumbrila1625
borachioa1627
pot-leech1630
kill-pota1637
biberon1637
bang-pitcher1639
son of Bacchusc1640
shuffler1642
suck-bottlea1652
swill-pot1653
poter1657
potatora1660
old soaker1665
fuddle cap1666
old toast1668
bubber1669
toper1673
ale-toast1691
Bacchant1699
fuddler1699
swill-belly1699
tickle-pitcher1699
whetter1709
draughtsmanc1720
bender1728
drammer1740
dram-drinker1744
drammist1756
rum-bud1805
siper1805
Bacchanal1812
boozera1819
rum-sucker1819
soak1820
imp of the spigot1821
polyposist1821
wineskin1821
sack-guzzler1823
sitfast1828
swill-flagon1829
cup-man1834
swiper1836
Lushington1851
lushing-man1859
bloat1860
pottle pot1860
tipsificator1873
tipsifier1873
pegger1874
swizzler1876
bibulant1883
toss-cup1883
lusher1895
stew-bum1902
shicker1906
stiff1907
souse1915
booze-hound1926
stumblebum1932
tanker1932
lush-hound1935
lushy1944
lush-head1945
binge drinker1946
pisshead1946
hophead1948
1740 G. Cheyne Ess. Regimen iii. 115 Habitual Drinkers, Drammers, and high Feeders.
ˈdramming n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > drinking intoxicating liquor
bottle1593
potting1594
cupping1614
bubbing1665
dram-drinking1772
dramminga1790
suction1817
bibation1830
bibbery1831
poculation1837
smiling1858
nipping1880
bibulation1882
liquidation1889
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun]
overdrinkeOE
drinkingc1200
excessc1386
bibbinga1400
bollingc1540
boozingc1540
bousingc1540
swillingc1563
tippling1567
carousing1582
swinking1590
bezzling1598
swill1602
swink1611
overdrinking1616
popination1623
sottishness1648
fuddling1665
toping1668
bibbership1670
abuse1732
dram-drinking1772
dramminga1790
potation1808
spree1811
muzzling1828
bibbery1831
Bacchanalianism1855
Bacchanalism1858
smiling1858
bibulation1882
tanking1891
reeler1950
a1790 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) i. 33 Whether they discover'd his Dramming by his Breath, or by his Behaviour.
ˈdrammist n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess
houndOE
drinkerc1200
keach-cup?c1225
gulchcupa1250
bollerc1320
taverner1340
ale stake?1515
wine-bibber1535
bibber1536
swill-bowl1542
malt-wormc1550
rinse-pitcher1552
bibblera1556
ale knight1556
tosspot1568
ring-pigger1570
troll-the-bowl1575
malt-bug1577
gossip-pint-pot1580
black pot1582
alehouse knight1583
worrier1584
suck-spigot1585
bezzle1592
bezzlera1593
cup-leech1593
soaker1593
carouser1596
barley-cap1598
swiller1598
rob-pot1599
Philistine1600
sponge1600
wine-knight1601
fill-knaga1605
reel-pot1604
faithful1609
fill-pot1609
bouser1611
spigot-sucker1611
suck-pint1611
whip-can1611
bib-all-night1612
afternoon man1615
potling1616
Bacchanalian1617
bombard1617
pot-shot1617
potisuge1620
trougha1625
tumbrila1625
borachioa1627
pot-leech1630
kill-pota1637
biberon1637
bang-pitcher1639
son of Bacchusc1640
shuffler1642
suck-bottlea1652
swill-pot1653
poter1657
potatora1660
old soaker1665
fuddle cap1666
old toast1668
bubber1669
toper1673
ale-toast1691
Bacchant1699
fuddler1699
swill-belly1699
tickle-pitcher1699
whetter1709
draughtsmanc1720
bender1728
drammer1740
dram-drinker1744
drammist1756
rum-bud1805
siper1805
Bacchanal1812
boozera1819
rum-sucker1819
soak1820
imp of the spigot1821
polyposist1821
wineskin1821
sack-guzzler1823
sitfast1828
swill-flagon1829
cup-man1834
swiper1836
Lushington1851
lushing-man1859
bloat1860
pottle pot1860
tipsificator1873
tipsifier1873
pegger1874
swizzler1876
bibulant1883
toss-cup1883
lusher1895
stew-bum1902
shicker1906
stiff1907
souse1915
booze-hound1926
stumblebum1932
tanker1932
lush-hound1935
lushy1944
lush-head1945
binge drinker1946
pisshead1946
hophead1948
1756 S. Hales in Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 332 The most zealous advocates for drams, even the unhappy besotted dramists themselves.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

> as lemmas

DRAM
DRAM n.
Brit. /ˈdiːram/
,
U.S. /ˈdiˌræm/
(also Dram) Computing dynamic random-access memory, in which information is stored as charge on semiconductor capacitors and periodically refreshed in order to neutralize the effect of leakage.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > primary storage or main memory > random access
random access1950
random-access memory1953
RAM1957
dynamic RAM1975
DRAM1981
1981 Computer Design Apr. 63/2 (advt.) Processing advances in TI's TMS4164 mark major technology turns in high-performance DRAM production.
1983 Fortune 16 May 152/2 A d-RAM chip can be visualized as an incredibly miniaturized telephone network.
1984 Science 11 May 590/1 The first DRAM to be competitive with magnetic core memory in computers was a 1K chip in the early 1970's.
1987 Times 27 Feb. 6 This dynamic random access memory (Dram) chip demonstrates Japanese mastery in a field abandoned by many western companies back in the 1970s.
extracted from Dn.
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n.1c1440n.21663adj.?a1513v.1740
as lemmas
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