amaen.

Brit.

/əˈmʌɪ/,

/aˈmʌɪ/, U.S.

/əˈmaɪ/,

/ɑˈmaɪ/

Origin: A borrowing from Japanese. Etymon: Japanese amae.

Etymology: < Japanese amae seeking favour (1942), indulgence, humouring or petting a child (1872 as Amaye), nominalized stem of amaeru to seek favour, seek to be indulged, originally ‘to taste or smell sweet’ (early 11th cent.) < ama-, combining form of amai sweet (720 as amaku). Compare Japanese †amaye, verb (1603 in Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam in sense ‘(of children to parents) to caress or cuddle’).

Psychology.

Esp. in the writings of the Japanese psychologist Takeo Doi: active desire for dependence on the care and affection of another, esp. that of a child on a parent or (as a psychological disorder) of an adult on an individual or social group.

ΚΠ

1956 L. Takeo Doi in Western Speech 20 92 I can think of no English word equivalent to amaeru except for ‘spoil,’ which, however, is a transitive verb and definitely has a bad connotation; whereas the Japanese amaeru does not necessarily have a bad connotation, although we say we should not let a youngster amaeru too much.]

1960 L. Takeo Doi in Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica 62 i. Abstr. 9 During psychotherapy one eventually comes to grips with his amae (dependency need), which he had either repressed so long or indulged in with no reflection at all.

1965 J. W. Hall & R. R. Beardsley Twelve Doors to Japan viii. 378 The very fact that women are given so little scope for institutionalized dependency perhaps accounts for their reliance on amae, in the sense of cozening and wheedling or being lovable enough to be granted favors which they cannot demand on equal terms with boys.

1975 F. Gibney Japan vi. 119 The person you depend on, the object of your amae is invariably your senior. He may be your father or your older brother or sister... But he may just as well be your section head at the office, the leader of your political faction, [etc.].

1978 N. Ike Theory of Japanese Democracy i. ii. 21 Amae is typical of the behavior of a small child towards its mother.

1978 N. Ike Theory of Japanese Democracy i. ii. 22 The significance of amae to Japanese social structure is that the family and small group provide the setting in which an individual can engage in..dependent behaviour.

1992 Infant Mental Health Jrnl. 13 27 The Japanese word amae refers initially to the infant's feelings and attachment behavior toward the mother. Doi..has..described how amae is carried through into adulthood.

2015 New Scientist 19 Sept. 43/3 So if you want to bring some variety into your emotional life, try familiarising yourself with greng jai, iktsuarpok, ‘homefulness’ or amae, and you might just notice yourself experiencing new feelings as a result in your daily life too.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	amae
释义	amaen. Brit. /əˈmʌɪ/, /aˈmʌɪ/, U.S. /əˈmaɪ/, /ɑˈmaɪ/ Origin: A borrowing from Japanese. Etymon: Japanese amae. Etymology: < Japanese amae seeking favour (1942), indulgence, humouring or petting a child (1872 as Amaye), nominalized stem of amaeru to seek favour, seek to be indulged, originally ‘to taste or smell sweet’ (early 11th cent.) < ama-, combining form of amai sweet (720 as amaku). Compare Japanese †amaye, verb (1603 in Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam in sense ‘(of children to parents) to caress or cuddle’). Psychology. Esp. in the writings of the Japanese psychologist Takeo Doi: active desire for dependence on the care and affection of another, esp. that of a child on a parent or (as a psychological disorder) of an adult on an individual or social group. ΚΠ 1956 L. Takeo Doi in Western Speech 20 92 I can think of no English word equivalent to amaeru except for ‘spoil,’ which, however, is a transitive verb and definitely has a bad connotation; whereas the Japanese amaeru does not necessarily have a bad connotation, although we say we should not let a youngster amaeru too much.] 1960 L. Takeo Doi in Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica 62 i. Abstr. 9 During psychotherapy one eventually comes to grips with his amae (dependency need), which he had either repressed so long or indulged in with no reflection at all. 1965 J. W. Hall & R. R. Beardsley Twelve Doors to Japan viii. 378 The very fact that women are given so little scope for institutionalized dependency perhaps accounts for their reliance on amae, in the sense of cozening and wheedling or being lovable enough to be granted favors which they cannot demand on equal terms with boys. 1975 F. Gibney Japan vi. 119 The person you depend on, the object of your amae is invariably your senior. He may be your father or your older brother or sister... But he may just as well be your section head at the office, the leader of your political faction, [etc.]. 1978 N. Ike Theory of Japanese Democracy i. ii. 21 Amae is typical of the behavior of a small child towards its mother. 1978 N. Ike Theory of Japanese Democracy i. ii. 22 The significance of amae to Japanese social structure is that the family and small group provide the setting in which an individual can engage in..dependent behaviour. 1992 Infant Mental Health Jrnl. 13 27 The Japanese word amae refers initially to the infant's feelings and attachment behavior toward the mother. Doi..has..described how amae is carried through into adulthood. 2015 New Scientist 19 Sept. 43/3 So if you want to bring some variety into your emotional life, try familiarising yourself with greng jai, iktsuarpok, ‘homefulness’ or amae, and you might just notice yourself experiencing new feelings as a result in your daily life too. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1960
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