drengn.

/drɛŋ/

Forms: Also Old English drench, drengh, Middle English drenche, dringche, Middle English dring(e, Scottish1500s–1700s dring.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse drengr.

Etymology: Old English dreng, Old Norse drengr young man, lad, fellow, (Swedish dräng man, servant, some one's ‘man’, Danish dreng boy, lad, apprentice). The modern word, had it survived in living use, would have been dring; but the Old English and Norse form dreng is retained by historical writers.

English History.

a. A free tenant (specially) in ancient Northumbria, holding by a tenure older than the Norman Conquest, the nature of which was partly military, partly servile. See Maitland, ‘Northumbrian Tenures’ in Eng. Hist. Rev. V. 632.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > leaseholder or tenant > others

drenga1000

selfode1271

thringc1275

particular tenant1590

rack-renter1680

zamindar1683

roturier1830

statutory tenant1867

livier1883

church renter1889

congest1902

a1000 Battle of Maldon 149 Forlet ða drenga sum daroð of handa, fleogan of folmum.

OE Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 269^v/2 [Phillimore: Cheshire (between Ribble and Mersey) R2. 1] Hujus Manerii [Newton, Lancs.] aliam terram xv homines quos drenchs uocabant pro xv Maneriis tenebant... Modo sunt ibi vi drenghs.

c1100 Charter of Ranulph in Murray Dial. S.C. Scot. 22 (note) R[anulf] bisceop greteð wel alle his þeines & drenges of Ealondscire & of Norhamscire.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7336 Drenches.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6344 Aldroein wes þer king vnder him wes moni hæh dring [c1300 Otho herdling].

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2258 And siþen drenges, and siþen thaynes, And siþen knithes, and siþen sweynes.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16022 All þai gadird o þe tun, bath freman and dring.

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 3) I. §96. 262 Lanfranc..turned the drengs, the rent-paying tenants of his archiepiscopal estates, into knights for the defence of the country.

1890 F. W. Maitland in Eng. Hist. Rev. V. 628 Under Richard I the thegns and drengs of Northumberland paid tallage.

b. Contemptuously: A low or base fellow. Scottish.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > low or vulgar person > [noun]

gadlinga1300

geggea1300

churlc1300

filec1300

jot1362

scoutc1380

beggara1400

carla1400

turnbroach14..

villainc1400

gnoffc1405

fellowc1425

cavelc1430

haskardc1487

hastardc1489

foumart1508

strummel?a1513

knapper1513

hogshead?1518

jockeya1529

dreng1535

sneakbill1546

Jack1548

rag1566

scald1575

huddle and twang1578

sneaksby1580

companion1581

lowling1581

besognier1584

patchcock1596

grill1597

sneaksbill1602

scum1607

turnspit1607

cocoloch1610

compeer1612

dust-worm1621

besonioa1625

world-worma1625

besognea1652

gippo1651

Jacky1653

mechanic1699

fustya1732

grub-worm1752

raff1778

person1782

rough scuff1816

spalpeen1817

bum1825

sculpin1834

soap-lock1840

tinka1843

'Arry1874

scruff1896

scruffo1959

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 278 Quhilk is knawin for ane wrache or dring.

a1605 Polwart Flyting with Montgomerie 796 Deid dring, dryd sting! thou will hing but a sunȝie.

1799 J. Struthers To Blackbird ix The Captive o' some dudron dring, Dull, fat an' frowsy.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	dreng
释义	drengn. /drɛŋ/ Forms: Also Old English drench, drengh, Middle English drenche, dringche, Middle English dring(e, Scottish1500s–1700s dring. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse drengr. Etymology: Old English dreng, Old Norse drengr young man, lad, fellow, (Swedish dräng man, servant, some one's ‘man’, Danish dreng boy, lad, apprentice). The modern word, had it survived in living use, would have been dring; but the Old English and Norse form dreng is retained by historical writers. English History. a. A free tenant (specially) in ancient Northumbria, holding by a tenure older than the Norman Conquest, the nature of which was partly military, partly servile. See Maitland, ‘Northumbrian Tenures’ in Eng. Hist. Rev. V. 632. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > leaseholder or tenant > others drenga1000 selfode1271 thringc1275 particular tenant1590 rack-renter1680 zamindar1683 roturier1830 statutory tenant1867 livier1883 church renter1889 congest1902 a1000 Battle of Maldon 149 Forlet ða drenga sum daroð of handa, fleogan of folmum. OE Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 269^v/2 [Phillimore: Cheshire (between Ribble and Mersey) R2. 1] Hujus Manerii [Newton, Lancs.] aliam terram xv homines quos drenchs uocabant pro xv Maneriis tenebant... Modo sunt ibi vi drenghs. c1100 Charter of Ranulph in Murray Dial. S.C. Scot. 22 (note) R[anulf] bisceop greteð wel alle his þeines & drenges of Ealondscire & of Norhamscire. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7336 Drenches. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6344 Aldroein wes þer king vnder him wes moni hæh dring [c1300 Otho herdling]. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2258 And siþen drenges, and siþen thaynes, And siþen knithes, and siþen sweynes. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16022 All þai gadird o þe tun, bath freman and dring. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 3) I. §96. 262 Lanfranc..turned the drengs, the rent-paying tenants of his archiepiscopal estates, into knights for the defence of the country. 1890 F. W. Maitland in Eng. Hist. Rev. V. 628 Under Richard I the thegns and drengs of Northumberland paid tallage. b. Contemptuously: A low or base fellow. Scottish. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > low or vulgar person > [noun] gadlinga1300 geggea1300 churlc1300 filec1300 jot1362 scoutc1380 beggara1400 carla1400 turnbroach14.. villainc1400 gnoffc1405 fellowc1425 cavelc1430 haskardc1487 hastardc1489 foumart1508 strummel?a1513 knapper1513 hogshead?1518 jockeya1529 dreng1535 sneakbill1546 Jack1548 rag1566 scald1575 huddle and twang1578 sneaksby1580 companion1581 lowling1581 besognier1584 patchcock1596 grill1597 sneaksbill1602 scum1607 turnspit1607 cocoloch1610 compeer1612 dust-worm1621 besonioa1625 world-worma1625 besognea1652 gippo1651 Jacky1653 mechanic1699 fustya1732 grub-worm1752 raff1778 person1782 rough scuff1816 spalpeen1817 bum1825 sculpin1834 soap-lock1840 tinka1843 'Arry1874 scruff1896 scruffo1959 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 278 Quhilk is knawin for ane wrache or dring. a1605 Polwart Flyting with Montgomerie 796 Deid dring, dryd sting! thou will hing but a sunȝie. 1799 J. Struthers To Blackbird ix The Captive o' some dudron dring, Dull, fat an' frowsy. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1000
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