domainn.
/də(ʊ)ˈmeɪn/, U.S. /doʊˈmeɪn/, /dəˈmeɪn/ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > [noun] > freehold > tenure from Crown
demesnec1330
domaina1500
capite landa1626
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. l. 3044 Ottaueus..þa deputys has slayn, And helde þe kynrik in demayn.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 158 The rights of the Domaine are these: Rents, Feifs, Payments at alienations.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 158 That is Domaine, which belongeth to the Crowne.
1875 K. E. Digby Introd. Hist. Law Real Prop. i. 17 This portion was called terra dominica, terrae dominicales, or domain lands.
2.
a. eminent domain: ultimate or supreme lordship; the superiority or lordship of the sovereign power over all the property in the state, in accordance with which it is entitled to appropriate by constitutional methods any part required for the public advantage, compensation being given to the owner. A term chiefly used in International Law, and in the Law of the United States of America.
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society > authority > [noun] > supreme authority
sovereigntyc1374
thronea1382
chiefnessc1420
superiority1449
suzeraintyc1470
sovereignness1532
supremity1536
supremacy1547
monarchy1585
autocracy1659
paramountcy1667
sovranty1667
paramountship1735
sovereignship1817
eminent domain1850
overmastery1901
1625 H. Grotius De Iure Belli ac Pacis i. iii. §6 Dominium eminens, quod civitas habet in cives et res civium, ad usum publicum.]
1850 H. W. Longfellow Ladder St. Augustine vi If we would gain In the bright fields of fair renown The right of eminent domain.
1894 Harvard Law Rev. 8 237 The name Eminent Domain comes from Grotius, and the subject is a prominent one with European writers on public law; but treatises on it do not exist outside of the United States. The topic develops here because it is a branch of our system of Constitutional Law. The first treatise was by H. E. Mills of St. Louis in 1879. (See also eminent 5.)
b. direct domain, domain of use, translation of the French law-phrases domaine direct the ownership or right of the lord, and domain utile the right of use on the part of a lessee, as used in the law of Lower Canada.
3.
a. A heritable property; estate or territory held in possession; lands; dominions; = demesne n. 3 – 5.
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society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > territory governed by a ruler or state
demesnea1387
principalitya1398
territory?a1439
dominationc1440
statea1500
dominion1512
dition1542
heretochy1587
domain1601
sovereignty1715
possession1797
daimiote1870
ealdormanry1870
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > a legal holding > [noun] > a feudal holding or fief > land retained by lord
inland904
demesne1398
demesne landsa1500
domain1601
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xiii. iii. 383 These are in the nature of a domain and inheritance, and fall to the next heire in succession.
1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity II. x. 258 Royal domains..were..made over to ecclesiastics.
1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 636 There are, in that Country [Russia], proprietors possessed of domains as extensive as Provinces.
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xvii. 35 She occupied half a hide of royal domain.
b. transferred. A district or region under rule, control, or influence, or contained within certain limits; realm; sphere of activity, influence, or dominion.
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society > authority > power > influence > [noun] > sphere of influence
pale1483
kitchen1552
demesne1597
manor1685
domain1744
ambient1902
turf1970
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > [noun] > area contained within limits
domain1852
1744 J. Thomson Summer in Seasons (new ed.) 90 Ocean trembles for his green Domain.
1823 C. Lamb in London Mag. May 535/1 He was lord of his library, and seldom cared for looking out beyond his domains.
1852 H. Rogers Ess. I. vii. 407 For even an infinitude of atoms, infinite worlds in infinite space may be found domain enough.
c. Used by Pinkerton for a subdivision of the Mineral ‘kingdom’.
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1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. 132 The intrites and glutenites are classed under the several domains to which they belong.
1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. Introd. iii-iv.
d. spec. Australian (with capital initial). The name of a park in Sydney, Australia, popular for speech-making. Frequently attributive.
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1896 E. Turner Little Larrikin xiv. 163 His ideas were as sweeping and extravagant as those of a Domain orator out of work.
1902 A. B. Paterson Rio Grande's Last Race 124 It's grand to be an unemployed And lie in the Domain.
1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 24 Domain cocktail (or special), a lethal concoction of petrol and pepper which reputedly once had a vogue among deadbeat drinkers in the Sydney Domain. Domain dosser, a loafer or down-and-out who frequents the Sydney Domain.
1943 K. Tennant Ride on Stranger xxiii. 261 He, too, could see his old comrade, Mervyn Leggatt, across the Domain advocating the direct opposite to his own policy.
4.
a. figurative. A sphere of thought or action; field, province, scope of a department of knowledge, etc.
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the world > action or operation > [noun] > sphere or scope of operation
circuity1542
circuit1597
orb1598
range1622
sphere1661
circle1664
random1667
purview1688
domain1764
purvey1813
preserve1829
scope1830
demesne1851
coverage1930
space1976
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > affair, business, concern > [noun] > field of interest
mattera1387
campa1538
champian1596
domain1764
champaign1839
ground1847
one's line of country1861
1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 6 Carried to excess in each domain, This favourite good begets peculiar pain.
1799 J. Mackintosh Study Law Nature & Nations in Wks. (1846) I. 381 Contracting..the domain of brutal force and of arbitrary will.
1828 T. Carlyle Burns in Edinb. Rev. Dec. 285 Our poet's gift in raising it into the domain of Art.
1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic x. 343 An actual enlargement of the domain of Science.
1866 Duke of Argyll Reign of Law ii. 53 From Science it [sc. recognition of the reign of law] passes into every domain of thought, and invades, amongst others, the Theology of the Church.
Categories »
b. Logic. The breadth, extension, circuit, or sphere of a notion.
c. Mathematics. ‘In the theory of Functions, the portion of the z-plane within a circle which just does not include a singular point is called the domain of its centre’ (H. T. Gerrans).
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1893 A. R. Forsyth Theory Functions Complex Variable 55 If the whole of the domain of b be not included in that of a.
d. Mathematics. An algebraic system with two binary operations defined by postulates stronger than those for a ring but weaker than those for a field; esp. (more fully integral domain), a commutative ring in which the cancellation law holds for multiplication of non-zero elements and (with most writers) which has a unit element for multiplication.
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1896 Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 3 102 The idea of the adjunction of its root[s]..to the totality of numbers heretofore in use, viz., the rational numbers, is now developed, and the properties of rational functions of the elements of this new ‘domain’..are taken up.
1904 F. Cajori Introd. Mod. Theory Equations xiii. 134 A set of numbers is called a domain of rationality or simply a domain, when the sums, differences, products, and quotients of any numbers in the set (excluding only the quotients obtained through division by 0) always yield as results numbers belonging to the set. All rational numbers..constitute such a domain.
1937 A. A. Albert Mod. Higher Algebra ii. 27 The most important type of integral domain is the field.
1941 G. Birkhoff & S. MacLane Surv. Mod. Algebra iv. 97 By a unique factorization domain (sometimes called a ‘Gaussian domain’) is meant an integral domain in which (i) any element not a unit can be factored into primes, (ii) this factorization is unique to within order and unit factors.
1958 O. Zariski & P. Samuel Commutative Algebra I. i. 22 An important class of unique factorization domains is given by the so-called euclidean domains or rings admitting a division algorithm.
1965 J. J. Rotman Theory of Groups iv. 66 A domain is a commutative ring with unit that has no divisors of zero.
e. Mathematics. The set of values that an independent variable of a function can take; the graphical representation of this set; the set comprising all the first elements of the ordered pairs constituting some given set.
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1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 545/2 The idea of a ‘variable’ is that of a number to which we may assign at pleasure any of the values which constitute a definite aggregate, called the ‘domain’ of the variable.
1914 A. R. Forsyth Theory Functions Two Complex Variables iii. 57 A restricted portion of a field of variation is called a domain, the range of a domain being usually indicated by analytical relations.
1937 J. H. Michell & M. H. Belz Elem. Math. Anal. I. i. 60 The parts of the plane in which N can lie are commonly called the domain of N and the same word is used for the corresponding aggregate of pairs of values of x, y which correspond to N.
1955 D. A. Quadling Math. Anal. iii. 14 A function which is defined by means of a formula may have its domain restricted by the character of the formula itself... The domain of the function 1/x cannot include the number 0.
1967 M. R. Kinsolving Set Theory & Number Syst. ii. 21 One might say that the domain of R is the set of all first elements appearing in the pairs (a, b) constituting R.
f. Logic. The class of all terms that bear a given relation to any term (see quot. 19031).
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the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [noun] > propositional relation > other terms relating to
domain1903
field1903
referent1903
biconditional1940
non-disjunction1949
1903 B. Russell Princ. Math. ix. 97 All referents with respect to a given relation form a class. It follows..that all relata also form a class. These two classes I shall call respectively the domain and the converse domain of the relation; the logical sum of the two I shall call the field of the relation.
1903 B. Russell Princ. Math. ix. 98 If paternity be the relation, fathers form its domain, children its converse domain, and fathers and children together its field.
1955 A. N. Prior Formal Logic iii. iii. 277 Both the domain and the converse domain of the null relation are the null class.
g. Mathematics. An open connected set of at least one point.
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1906 W. H. Young & G. C. Young Theory of Sets of Points ix. 178 The set of all the points inside a triangle is called a triangular domain, or the interior of the triangle, and is a simple case of a region.
1906 W. H. Young & G. C. Young Theory of Sets of Points ix. 178 The points of a domain always form an open set.
1957 E. T. Copson Introd. Theory of Functions of Complex Variable (rev. ed.) ii. 15 If we add to a domain its limiting points, the resulting set is called a closed region.
h. Physics. In ferromagnetic materials, a region which behaves as an elementary magnet, all the atoms or ions in a region having the axes of their permanent magnetic moments aligned in the same direction. Also attributive.
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1926 E. C. Stoner Magnetism & Atomic Struct. xiii. 295 The size of the domains may be much smaller than the size of the actual crystalline ‘grains’.
1944 Electronic Engin. 17 144/3 The assumption of a molecular field, and the sub-division of a ferromagnetic into spontaneously saturated domains, form the foundation of the modern domain theory of ferromagnetism.
1945 Rev. Mod. Physics 17 15 In a demagnetized specimen..the directions of magnetization of the individual domains are distributed at random among various possible directions.
1966 C. S. G. Phillips & R. J. P. Williams Inorg. Chem. II. xix. 26 Ferromagnetic substances commonly exhibit a domain structure, in which each domain is permanently magnetized.
1966 R. Carey & E. D. Isaac Magn. Domains i. 13 In such a case regions now exist in the crystal where the direction of the magnetization changes from one domain to the next; these regions are called domain boundaries or domain walls.
i. Linguistics. (See quots.)
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1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xv. 247 The substitute replaces only forms of a certain class, which we may call the domain of the substitute.
1942 Language 18 14 A suprasegmental phone has a Domain, defined as the type of sequence of segmental phones which it covers.
1968 P. M. Postal Aspects Phonol. Theory iii. 41 Each rule ‘realizing’ morphophonemic structures as phonemic ones must be defined exclusively on a domain consisting of strings of morphons.
Derivatives
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > high position > set in a high position [verb (transitive)] > occupy a height over or dominate
overstandeOE
overview1564
domain1589
command1610
supervise1624
overlook1632
domineer1812
overgaze1816
see1829
dominate1833
rake1842
overbendc1886
1589 P. Ive Pract. Fortification 36 in tr. R. Beccarie de Pavie Instr. Warres It must lye wholy open toward the towne, that the towne may commaund, and domaine ouer it.
Draft additions June 2001
Computing.
a. A subnetwork, typically administered as a distinct unit within the larger network and frequently having its own security protocols.
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1978 Datamation Feb. 82/1 The terminal..is a member of the so called ‘domain’ of host A.
1993 Network World 17 May 9/5 A cell is a subnetwork, or domain, within an enterprise-wide network.
2008 E. Tittel & J. Korelc Windows Server 2008 for Dummies v. 79 Plan to connect this computer to a network with access to that domain.
b. A domain name; (also) any of the hierarchically structured categories employed in the domain name system as a means of classifying IP addresses according to location, sphere of activity, etc.
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1986 V. G. Cerf in T. C. Bartee Digital Communications iv. 150 In the arpanet/internet environment, the concept of naming domains has been formalized by extension of the ‘user@host’ mailbox name structure to the form: user@host.domain where the ‘domain’ part can have a substructure as in: mimsy.umd.edu. In this example, ‘ edu’ is the top level domain and refers to the ‘educational’ domain.
1995 New Scientist 13 May 30/1 The Pipex machine confirms that the ‘host’ computer..exists in the .co.uk domain, and sends back a string of numbers which constitute the IP address.
2000 Daily Tel. 23 Mar. (Connected section) 2/6 The .eu domain is the brainchild of the European Commission president, Romano Prodi, who is keen to put the EU's stamp on cyberspace.
2015 L. Weisman Music Business for Dummies vii. 130 Think about the easiest ways that someone could misspell your name or band name, and consider buying those misspelled domains.
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domain name server n. Computing a server that provides a domain name service; abbreviated DNS.
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1982 Z. Su & J. B. Postel Request for Comments (Network Working Group) (Electronic text) No. 819. 14 Each individual domain table may have its own format suitable to the design of its associated domain name server.
1994 Sci. Amer. Mar. 78/2 Most machines rely on ‘domain name servers’ to translate back and forth between numbered network addresses and domains such as ‘xerox.com’ or ‘umich.edu’.
2003 DallasNews.com (Nexis) 18 Sept. d3 After you create your site, you transfer the pages and graphics to the host, and it will set up everything for you and register your site with the domain name servers.
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domain name service n. Computing (a) = domain name system n. (b) at Additions; (b) the service of hosting a domain name for a user.
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1982 Z. Su Request for Comments (Network Working Group) (Electronic text) No. 830. 2 The domain name service is an application independent network service for the resolution of domain names.
1989 UnixWorld Sept. 64/3 (advt.) The TranServer..offers remote console configuration, subnetting, domain name service and the lowest cost per port.
2003 Business Jrnl. (Nexis) 29 Aug. 8 The SHDSL service also includes one static Internet protocol address..20 hours of dial-up mobility access and domain name service for up to five domains, and a business portal.
Draft additions December 2004
domain name system n. Computing (a) the system of host names used on the internet; (b) a service based on this system, which translates readable (alphabetic) domain names into numerical IP addresses.
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1983 P. Mockapetris Request for Comments (Network Working Group) (Electronic text) No. 552. 9 The domain name system uses compatible formats for structure information, and the mail data decouples mail agent identification from details of how to contact the agent (e.g. host addresses).
1993 Unix Rev. (Nexis) Mar. 21 A domain literal is an Internet Protocol (IP) address delimited by square brackets, used mostly when the Domain Name System (DNS) is not fully available.
1994 .net Dec. 29/1 RFC1034 and RFC1035..describe the Internet's global naming set-up, the DNS, or Domain Name System.
2002 N.Y. Times 1 Apr. c5/3 The United States government still retains control over the so-called A-root server, the central database of the domain name system.
Draft additions June 2012
Biology. A taxonomic category ranking above kingdom; a group of this rank; cf. superkingdom n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > kingdom or sub-kingdom
kingdom1624
family1651
race1697
reign1744
subkingdom1825
province1866
urkingdom1977
domain1990
1990 C. R. Woese et al. in Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 4576/1 We propose that a formal system of organisms be established in which above the level of kingdom there exists a new taxon called a ‘domain’. Life on this planet would then be seen as comprising three domains, the Bacteria, the Archaea, and the Eucarya, each containing two or more kingdoms.
1998 L. Margulis & K. V. Schwartz Five Kingdoms (ed. 3) Introd. 9 Proliferation of so many kingdoms in the three-domain system defeats the purpose of manageable classification of the fundamental diversity of our planetmates.
2010 Nature 18 Feb. 885/3 Of the three domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryota), archaea of this size are unknown.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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