distillationn.

/dɪstɪˈleɪʃən/

Forms: Also 1500s–1700s destillation.

Etymology: < Latin dē-, distillātiōn-em, noun of action < dē- , distillāre to distil v.; compare French distillation (15th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter).

The action of distilling or fact of being distilled.

1. The action of falling or flowing down drop by drop; gentle dropping or falling. (literal and figurative)

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of dripping or falling in drops > [noun] > out

distillation14..

exstillation1605

14.. in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 112 My blode alle split by distillacion.

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Distillation, a dropping.

1694 F. Bragge Pract. Disc. Parables i. 4 This seed thus sown, is water'd with the dews of heaven, with the distillations of the Divine grace and blessing.

1833 T. Chalmers On Power of God (1835) I. iv. 181 Cause distillation within the soul of the waters of bitterness.

†2. Pathology. A defluxion of rheum; a catarrh. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] > mucus discharge > catarrh

rheuma1398

catarrhc1540

distillation1541

1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 78 a Destyllation is a droppynge downe of a lyquyde mater out of the head, and fallynge eyther in to the mouth, or in to the nosethrilles, or in to the eyes.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxii. 191 Distillations from the head commonly called rheumes.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 345 The Horsse..is subiect vnto the distillation in his throate, or partes there about.

1748 tr. Vegetius Of Distempers Horses 183 If the neck suffers by a Destillation or Defluxion of Humours.

a1755 G. West Triumphs Gout (Seager) Through th' obstructed pores the struggling vapour and bitter distillation force their way.

a. The action of converting any substance or constituent of a substance into vapour by means of heat, and of again condensing this by refrigeration into the liquid form, by means of an alembic, retort and receiver, or a still and refrigeratory; the extraction of the spirit, essence, or essential oil of any substance by the evaporation and condensation of its liquid solution; and, in a more generalized sense, the operation of separating by means of fire, and in closed vessels, the volatile parts of any substance from the fixed parts, in order to the collection of the products.As shown by the etymology, the original application is to substances of which the distillates are condensed drop by drop into the liquid form; whether for the purpose of extracting the more volatile part of a substance, or of concentrating or purifying a volatile substance such as water by freeing it from matter held in suspension or solution. When no more heat is applied than just suffices to cause the liquid to pass over in drops, the process is called cold distillation. Dry or destructive distillation, the decomposition of a substance by strong heat in a retort, and the collection of the volatile matters evolved, as in the destructive distillation of coal in gas-making. fractional distillation, the separation of two or more volatile liquids having different boiling-points, so that they pass over at different temperatures and can be collected separately, the more volatile first, and the less volatile in order afterwards. distillation by descent (per descensum), in Old Chemistry, the name given to a method in which the fire was applied above, and the distillate drawn off beneath (see descent n. 11). In opposition to this, the ordinary method was called distillation by ascent (per ascensum).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > distillation

distillation1393

stilling1477

rectificationa1500

distilling1527

circulating1545

circulation1587

cohobation1605

abstraction1617

redistillation1639

cohobating1654

distillery1677

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 86 First of the distillation Forth with the congelation, Solucion, discention.

1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon Prol. I have chosen..the booke of distyllacyon of waters.

1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 1 Destillation, not distillation (as lerned doe write) is the drawing forthe of a thinner and purer humor out of a juise.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §99 The power of Heat is best perceived in Distillations, which are performed in close Vessels and Receptacles.

1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 66 The Chymical examination of these Waters by..Destillation.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 169 How far..it [sc. water] may be brought to a state of purity by distillation, is unknown.

1802 J. Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Theory 34 The products obtained by the distillation of the common bituminous coal.

1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Campbelltown A considerable trade in the distillation of whisky.

1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. iii. 394 This is one of the counties in which illicit distillation was most prevalent.

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. iv. 43 All fresh-water on the earth's surface has been derived from the ocean by a vast process of distillation.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 48 Distillation consists in the conversion of any substance into vapour, in a vessel so arranged that the vapours are condensed again and collected in a vessel apart.

1683 T. Robinson in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 137 Pitch is got from the Pinus by a kind of distillation per descensum.1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Distillation is two-fold; 1. Per Ascensum, by Ascent;... 2. Per Descensum, by Descent; when the Matter which is to be distill'd is below the Fire.1831 T. P. Jones New Conversat. Chem. xxviii. 281 When organized substances are decomposed at a red heat in close vessels, the process is called destructive distillation.1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxix. 262 It occurs in the dry distillation of wood, forming about one per cent. of the aqueous distillate.1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 48 In most cases of destructive distillation the bodies operated upon are solid, and the products liquid or gaseous; it is then called dry distillation.1895 Times 19 Jan. 4/5 Our coal-gas..up to the present time..obtained by destructive distillation of coal, hydrocarbon oils, or other organic substances.

b. transferred and figurative.

ΚΠ

1835 T. Arnold Let. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) I. vii. 425 The books of Livy..relate to a time so uninteresting, that it is hard even to extract a value from them by the most complete distillation.

1837 R. W. Emerson Oration before Phi Beta Kappa Soc. 7 In proportion to the completeness of the distillation, so will the purity and imperishableness of the product be.

1894 J. Rodway In Guiana Forest iv. 76 Intermittent distillation [of perfume] is almost general in the white flowers of the tropics.

4. concrete. The product of distilling:

Thesaurus »

a. That which distils or forms by distilling (see sense 1).

b. A distillate (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > distillation > product of

distilment1603

distillation1609

distillate1864

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets v. sig. B2 Were not summers distillation left A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glasse.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. v. 104 And then to be stopt in like a strong distillation with stinking Cloathes.

c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) i. 57 The sunnes kinde heat, heavens fruitfull distillation.

1678 R. Russel tr. Jabir ibn Haiyan Wks. Geber ii. i. iv. xiii. 119 Under that end of the Filter must be set another Vessel to receive the Distillation.

1746 Harvey Rep. Flower Garden (1818) 88 What a sovereign restorative are these cooling distillations of the night.

c. figurative. The extract, abstract; the refined or concentrated essence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] > quintessence

quintessence1579

essence1582

fifth-essence1584

elixir1638

distillation1650

sublimate1657

alcohol1830

quintessential1899

1650 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης (ed. 2) i. 14 Among..all those numberles volumes of thir theological distillations.

1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece I. i. xvi. 544 The narrative of Thucydidês is a mere extract and distillation from their incredibilities.

1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral ix. 228 That liturgy..the distillation, as it were, and concentration, of all the orisons which have been uttered in the name of Christ.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	distillation
释义	distillationn. /dɪstɪˈleɪʃən/ Forms: Also 1500s–1700s destillation. Etymology: < Latin dē-, distillātiōn-em, noun of action < dē- , distillāre to distil v.; compare French distillation (15th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter). The action of distilling or fact of being distilled. 1. The action of falling or flowing down drop by drop; gentle dropping or falling. (literal and figurative) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of dripping or falling in drops > [noun] > out distillation14.. exstillation1605 14.. in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 112 My blode alle split by distillacion. 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Distillation, a dropping. 1694 F. Bragge Pract. Disc. Parables i. 4 This seed thus sown, is water'd with the dews of heaven, with the distillations of the Divine grace and blessing. 1833 T. Chalmers On Power of God (1835) I. iv. 181 Cause distillation within the soul of the waters of bitterness. †2. Pathology. A defluxion of rheum; a catarrh. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] > mucus discharge > catarrh rheuma1398 catarrhc1540 distillation1541 1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 78 a Destyllation is a droppynge downe of a lyquyde mater out of the head, and fallynge eyther in to the mouth, or in to the nosethrilles, or in to the eyes. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxii. 191 Distillations from the head commonly called rheumes. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 345 The Horsse..is subiect vnto the distillation in his throate, or partes there about. 1748 tr. Vegetius Of Distempers Horses 183 If the neck suffers by a Destillation or Defluxion of Humours. a1755 G. West Triumphs Gout (Seager) Through th' obstructed pores the struggling vapour and bitter distillation force their way. 3. a. The action of converting any substance or constituent of a substance into vapour by means of heat, and of again condensing this by refrigeration into the liquid form, by means of an alembic, retort and receiver, or a still and refrigeratory; the extraction of the spirit, essence, or essential oil of any substance by the evaporation and condensation of its liquid solution; and, in a more generalized sense, the operation of separating by means of fire, and in closed vessels, the volatile parts of any substance from the fixed parts, in order to the collection of the products.As shown by the etymology, the original application is to substances of which the distillates are condensed drop by drop into the liquid form; whether for the purpose of extracting the more volatile part of a substance, or of concentrating or purifying a volatile substance such as water by freeing it from matter held in suspension or solution. When no more heat is applied than just suffices to cause the liquid to pass over in drops, the process is called cold distillation. Dry or destructive distillation, the decomposition of a substance by strong heat in a retort, and the collection of the volatile matters evolved, as in the destructive distillation of coal in gas-making. fractional distillation, the separation of two or more volatile liquids having different boiling-points, so that they pass over at different temperatures and can be collected separately, the more volatile first, and the less volatile in order afterwards. distillation by descent (per descensum), in Old Chemistry, the name given to a method in which the fire was applied above, and the distillate drawn off beneath (see descent n. 11). In opposition to this, the ordinary method was called distillation by ascent (per ascensum). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > distillation distillation1393 stilling1477 rectificationa1500 distilling1527 circulating1545 circulation1587 cohobation1605 abstraction1617 redistillation1639 cohobating1654 distillery1677 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 86 First of the distillation Forth with the congelation, Solucion, discention. 1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon Prol. I have chosen..the booke of distyllacyon of waters. 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 1 Destillation, not distillation (as lerned doe write) is the drawing forthe of a thinner and purer humor out of a juise. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §99 The power of Heat is best perceived in Distillations, which are performed in close Vessels and Receptacles. 1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 66 The Chymical examination of these Waters by..Destillation. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 169 How far..it [sc. water] may be brought to a state of purity by distillation, is unknown. 1802 J. Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Theory 34 The products obtained by the distillation of the common bituminous coal. 1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Campbelltown A considerable trade in the distillation of whisky. 1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. iii. 394 This is one of the counties in which illicit distillation was most prevalent. 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. iv. 43 All fresh-water on the earth's surface has been derived from the ocean by a vast process of distillation. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 48 Distillation consists in the conversion of any substance into vapour, in a vessel so arranged that the vapours are condensed again and collected in a vessel apart. 1683 T. Robinson in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 137 Pitch is got from the Pinus by a kind of distillation per descensum.1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Distillation is two-fold; 1. Per Ascensum, by Ascent;... 2. Per Descensum, by Descent; when the Matter which is to be distill'd is below the Fire.1831 T. P. Jones New Conversat. Chem. xxviii. 281 When organized substances are decomposed at a red heat in close vessels, the process is called destructive distillation.1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxix. 262 It occurs in the dry distillation of wood, forming about one per cent. of the aqueous distillate.1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 48 In most cases of destructive distillation the bodies operated upon are solid, and the products liquid or gaseous; it is then called dry distillation.1895 Times 19 Jan. 4/5 Our coal-gas..up to the present time..obtained by destructive distillation of coal, hydrocarbon oils, or other organic substances. b. transferred and figurative. ΚΠ 1835 T. Arnold Let. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) I. vii. 425 The books of Livy..relate to a time so uninteresting, that it is hard even to extract a value from them by the most complete distillation. 1837 R. W. Emerson Oration before Phi Beta Kappa Soc. 7 In proportion to the completeness of the distillation, so will the purity and imperishableness of the product be. 1894 J. Rodway In Guiana Forest iv. 76 Intermittent distillation [of perfume] is almost general in the white flowers of the tropics. 4. concrete. The product of distilling: Thesaurus » a. That which distils or forms by distilling (see sense 1). b. A distillate (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > distillation > product of distilment1603 distillation1609 distillate1864 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets v. sig. B2 Were not summers distillation left A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glasse. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. v. 104 And then to be stopt in like a strong distillation with stinking Cloathes. View more context for this quotation c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) i. 57 The sunnes kinde heat, heavens fruitfull distillation. 1678 R. Russel tr. Jabir ibn Haiyan Wks. Geber ii. i. iv. xiii. 119 Under that end of the Filter must be set another Vessel to receive the Distillation. 1746 Harvey Rep. Flower Garden (1818) 88 What a sovereign restorative are these cooling distillations of the night. c. figurative. The extract, abstract; the refined or concentrated essence. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] > quintessence quintessence1579 essence1582 fifth-essence1584 elixir1638 distillation1650 sublimate1657 alcohol1830 quintessential1899 1650 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης (ed. 2) i. 14 Among..all those numberles volumes of thir theological distillations. 1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece I. i. xvi. 544 The narrative of Thucydidês is a mere extract and distillation from their incredibilities. 1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral ix. 228 That liturgy..the distillation, as it were, and concentration, of all the orisons which have been uttered in the name of Christ. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.1393
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