discomfitn.

Brit.

/dɪˈskʌmfᵻt/, U.S.

/dɪˈskəmfᵻt/

Forms: Middle English descomfite, Middle English discoumfit, Middle English dyscomfite, Middle English dyscowmfyte, Middle English–1500s dyscomfyte, Middle English– discomfit, 1500s–1600s discomfite; Scottish pre-1700 discomfite, pre-1700 discumfit.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: discomfit v.

Etymology: Apparently < discomfit v. Compare Old French desconfite (probably 1224 in an apparently isolated attestation), Old Occitan desconfida , post-classical Latin disconfita (13th cent. in an Italian source), all in sense ‘defeat’. Compare earlier scomfit n. and later discomfiture n.In later use in sense 2 probably partly influenced by association with discomfort n. Compare discomfit v. 2.

1. Defeat in battle; = discomfiture n. 1. Also: an instance of this. Now rare.In later quots. probably a contextual use of sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defeat > [noun]

confusionc1290

scomfit13..

cumber1303

discomfitc1330

scomfitingc1333

discomfiturea1400

scomfiturea1400

discomfitingc1405

overthrowc1440

male journey1455

overset1456

foilc1478

discomforture1485

supprise1488

reversea1529

distrage?1548

loss1548

defeat1553

underdeal1553

discomfort1589

defeatment1598

defeature1598

rufflec1600

defeatance1608

routa1616

Caudine Forks1619

disrout1623

conviction1631

bang1644

derout1644

conquest1677

drubbing1769

check1793

thrashing1797

sauve-qui-peut1815

debacle1847

smash1888

pasting1942

c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 156 Fel kinges in lond Þat Costaunce wan vnder his hond..Of þat descomfite hadden care.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. l. 345 The battell of Methwen, and the first discomfite of King Robert.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 216 The Sterrys makyth many mewyngys in the coragis of mene, and of that comyth..victories, and dyscomfites.

a1525 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Trin. Dublin) (1896) 30 The other weneden that thay departed yn dyscomfyte.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie (new ed.) i. xxiv. 39 Those songs of the dolorous discomfits in battaile.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 469 Dagon must stoop, and shall e're long receive Such a discomfit, as shall quite despoil him Of all these boasted Trophies won on me.

1750 W. Shirley Edward Black Prince i. i. 4 Should they venture Battle, their Discomfit Will render our Retreat to Bourdeaux safe, And end our Labours with a noble Triumph.

1866 Catholic World Jan. 488/2 Their hopes were now reinspired by the addition of those forces which had contributed so largely to the discomfit of Candelissa.

1900 J. B. Bury Hist. Greece x. 438 To none was the discomfit of the Spartans in Messenia sweeter than to the Messenian exiles who had borne their part in the work of that memorable day.

2. Dejection; perplexity, confusion; (now chiefly in weakened sense) unease, embarrassment, discomfort; = discomfiture n. 2. Also: an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > [noun]

mingingOE

riddleOE

cumbermentc1300

willa1325

encumbrancec1330

were1338

perplexitya1393

discomfiturea1425

cumbrancec1460

confuse1483

proplexity1487

perplexion?c1500

amazedness?1520

amazement1553

subversion1558

amaze?1560

perplexednessa1586

confusedness1587

puzzle1599

confusion1600

mizmaze1604

discomfita1616

embarras1627

obfuscation1628

mystery1629

confoundedness1641

puzzledness1662

confuseness1710

puzzlement1731

puzzledom1748

embarrassment1751

puzzleation1767

bepuzzlement1806

conjecture1815

mystification1817

bewilderment1819

perplexment1826

fuddle1827

wilderment1830

discomforture1832

head-scratching1832

baffle1843

posement1850

muddlement1857

turbidity1868

fogging1878

bemuddlement1884

harl1889

befuddlement1905

turbidness1906

wuzziness1942

perplexability1999

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > disappointment > [noun] > opposition of plans, frustrating

fruster1488

frustrationa1575

discomfita1616

frustrating1640

thwarting1825

discomfiture1828

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > [noun] > action or quality of upsetting

sturbing?c1225

sturblingc1330

troublingc1340

perturbationa1382

oversettinga1398

stroublinga1400

perturbancec1425

unresting?c1450

inquieting1527

disquieting1535

disquietment1606

discomfita1616

rufflement1806

discomfiture1885

upsettingness1922

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) v. iv. 15 Vncureable discomfite Reignes in the hearts of all.

1782 H. Walpole Let. 21 Mar. (1971) XXV. ix. 259 An intriguing faction who did not foresee the discomfit they were bringing on themselves.

1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales II. 314 'Twere slight to boast The foul discomfit of that felon-host.

1844 Mrs. Flannigan Antigua & Antiguans I. 187 The poor creature..exhausted..with the discomfits of its voyage, had fallen down on its way to the butcher's.

1902 Friend Mar. 26/1 Chinese begin their Konohi (New Year's) celebrations, to the discomfit of many households.

1985 Newsweek 8 July 11 To the possible discomfit of the Reagan administration,..Allyn Conwell, 39, has also emerged as an articulate exponent of Shiite discontent.

2007 C. Langley Lone Pine 7 Paiute and Shoshone Indian communities watched the strangers travel through the area, feeling curiosity mixed with discomfit that would turn to war.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

discomfitv.

Brit.

/dɪˈskʌmfᵻt/, U.S.

/dɪˈskəmfət/

Inflections: Present participle discomfiting, (nonstandard) discomfitting; past tense and past participle discomfited, (nonstandard) discomfitted;

Forms: 1. Present stem Middle English desconfite, Middle English desconfyt, Middle English discomfett, Middle English discoumfit, Middle English discounfit, Middle English discounfyt, Middle English dyscomfet, Middle English dyscomfyte, Middle English dyscounfyte, Middle English dyscowmfyt, Middle English dyscumfyte, Middle English–1500s disconfite, Middle English–1500s disconfyte, Middle English–1600s discomfite, Middle English– discomfit, 1500s discomfight, 1500s discomfyt, 1500s discomfyte, 1500s dyscomfyt, 1500s dysconfet, 1600s discomfeit, 1900s– disconfit (U.S. regional (chiefly south Appalachian)); Scottish pre-1700 discomfyet, pre-1700 disconfit, pre-1700 discumfete, pre-1700 discumfit, pre-1700 discumfyte, pre-1700 dyscumffyte, pre-1700 1700s– discomfit; N.E.D. (1896) also records a form Middle English dyscomfyt. 2. Past tense Middle English discomfit, Middle English discomfite, Middle English discomfyted, Middle English disconfet, Middle English–1500s dyscomfyted, Middle English– discomfited, 1500s discoumfited, 1600s discomfeited, 1600s– discomfitted (now nonstandard); also Scottish pre-1700 desconfeitt, pre-1700 discomfeitt, pre-1700 discumfeit. 3. Past participle Middle English descomfit, Middle English desconfit, Middle English desconfyted, Middle English descumfit, Middle English descumfite, Middle English deskumfit, Middle English discomfet, Middle English discomfeyte, Middle English discomfyd, Middle English disconfite, Middle English disconfyted, Middle English discoumfit, Middle English discoumfite, Middle English discoumfiteden (plural), Middle English discounfite, Middle English discounfited, Middle English discounfitede, Middle English discounfytyde, Middle English dyscomfyd, Middle English dyscomfyte, Middle English dysconfyte, Middle English dysconfyted, Middle English dyscumfete, Middle English–1500s discomfit, Middle English–1500s discomfyt, Middle English–1500s discomfyted, Middle English–1500s disconfit, Middle English–1500s disconfyte, Middle English–1500s discumfit, Middle English–1500s dyscomfyted, Middle English–1600s discomfite, Middle English– discomfited, 1500s discomefited, 1500s discomfetied, 1500s discoumfited, 1500s dyscomfited, 1500s–1600s discomfeited, 1500s– discomfitted (now nonstandard); also Scottish pre-1700 desconfeitt, pre-1700 discomfeit, pre-1700 discomfeitt, pre-1700 discomfit, pre-1700 discomfite, pre-1700 discomfitit, pre-1700 discomfitte, pre-1700 discomfyet, pre-1700 discomfyt, pre-1700 discomfyte, pre-1700 disconfeit, pre-1700 disconfeitt, pre-1700 disconfit, pre-1700 disconfite, pre-1700 disconfyt, pre-1700 disconfyte, pre-1700 discumfeit, pre-1700 discumfete, pre-1700 discumfit, pre-1700 discumfyde, pre-1700 discumfyt, pre-1700 discumfyte, pre-1700 dyscumfyt, pre-1700 dyscumfyte; N.E.D. (1896) also records forms Middle English desconfet, Middle English descoumfit, Middle English dyscomfid, Middle English dyscounfite.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French disconfit, disconfire.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman descounfit, descumfit, descunfit, discomfit, disconfit, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French desconfit, Anglo-Norman and Middle French descomfit, past participle of Anglo-Norman descounfire, descumfire, descunfire, discomfire, disconfire, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French desconfire, Anglo-Norman and Middle French descomfire (French déconfire ) to destroy (a person or thing) physically (c1100), to defeat (a person) utterly in battle (late 12th cent.), to throw (a person) into dejection or confusion (early 14th cent. or earlier) < des- (see dis- prefix) + Anglo-Norman cumfire , counfire , cunfire , Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French comfire , confire (French confire : see comfit n.). Compare Old Occitan desconfir , Catalan †desconfir (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier), and also post-classical Latin disconficere to defeat (from 13th cent. in British and continental sources). Compare later scomfit v., and also later discomfish v.Past participle forms ending in -fit , -fyt are after the French past participle forms. Past participle forms in which the stem ends in d (e.g. Middle English discomfyd ) may show regularization by analogy with regular past participle forms in -ed suffix¹. In later use in sense 2 probably partly influenced by association with discomfort v. Compare discomfit n. 2.

a. transitive. To defeat (an opponent or enemy) in battle; to beat, rout; to vanquish, overthrow. Also in extended use. Now rare.In early use frequently in past participle.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome

overcomeeOE

shendc893

awinc1000

overwinOE

overheaveOE

to lay downa1225

mate?c1225

discomfitc1230

win1297

dauntc1300

cumber1303

scomfit1303

fenkc1320

to bear downc1330

confoundc1330

confusec1330

to do, put arrear1330

oversetc1330

vanquishc1330

conquerc1374

overthrowc1375

oppressc1380

outfighta1382

to put downa1382

discomfortc1384

threshc1384

vencuea1400

depressc1400

venque?1402

ding?a1425

cumrayc1425

to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425

to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430

distrussc1430

supprisec1440

ascomfita1450

to do stress?c1450

victorya1470

to make (win) a conquest1477

convanquish1483

conquest1485

defeat1485

oversailc1485

conques1488

discomfish1488

fulyie1488

distress1489

overpress1489

cravent1490

utter?1533

to give (a person) the overthrow1536

debel1542

convince1548

foil1548

out-war1548

profligate1548

proflige?c1550

expugnate1568

expugn1570

victor1576

dismay1596

damnify1598

triumph1605

convict1607

overman1609

thrash1609

beat1611

debellate1611

import1624

to cut to (or in) pieces1632

maitrise1636

worst1636

forcea1641

outfight1650

outgeneral1767

to cut up1803

smash1813

slosh1890

ream1918

hammer1948

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > disappointment > disappoint, frustrate [verb (transitive)] > frustrate, thwart

discomfitc1230

blenk?a1400

mispoint1480

fruster1490

frustrate?a1513

disappoint1545

destitutea1563

foila1564

deceive1571

thwart1581

balka1593

discomfort1596

unwont1629

fail1634

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 128 Ne muhe beo descumfit o neauer nane wise.

c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 61 Ðei discounfitede him han and scaþet ful ofte.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 4984 Þey ordeyned hem..Aȝens þe Phylystynes for to go, And hem dyscumfyte and slo.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 1001 Schamly ere we discomfite.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. i. l. 108 Þei were disconfit in bataille.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 122 Dyscowmfytyn, confuto, supero, vinco.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cciiij^v Hys men..which were in maner disconfit, and redy to flye.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. ii. 114 Thrice hath this Hotspur Mars in swathling cloaths..Discomfited great Dowglas.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iii. viii. §1. 88 A Nauie..ouerthrew the fleet of Xerxes, whose Land-forces were soone after discomfited by them.

1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs ⁋281 Farre lesse able..to discomfit, overcome, and expell diseases.

a1713 T. Ellwood Coll. Poems (?1750) 20 Put Thou the Enemy to flight.., Discomfit Thou his Forces quite, And fill my Soul with lasting Joy.

1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) I. xx. 305 Her [sc. France's] arms had been discomfited in every quarter.

1858 C. M. Yonge Cameos xlvi, in Monthly Packet May 463 Come, and we shall discomfit them!

1905 E. G. Browne Abridged Transl. Hist. Tabaristan 211 The Sayyid, by bribing Rashámúj the son of Shír-Mardán to desert his side was able to discomfit and rout him.

1990 C. Gravett Medieval Siege Warfare 25/1 Warriors would leave their defences to discomfit the enemy.

†b. transitive. To deprive (a person) of something by defeat. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of)

benimc890

to do of ——eOE

bedealc1000

disturbc1230

bereavec1275

reave?a1300

acquitc1300

benemec1300

deprivec1330

privea1382

subvertc1384

oppressc1395

abridgea1400

to bate of, from1399

lessa1400

nakena1400

dischargea1425

privatec1425

to bring outa1450

abatec1450

sever?1507

spulyie?1507

denude1513

disable1529

distrain1530

destituec1540

destitutec1540

defalk1541

to turn out of ——1545

discomfit1548

wipe1549

nude1551

disannul?a1556

bereft1557

diminish1559

benoom1563

joint1573

uncase1583

rid1585

disarm1590

visitc1592

ease1600

dispatch1604

unfurnisha1616

rig1629

retrench1640

unbecomea1641

disentail1641

cashier1690

twin1722

mulct1748

fordo1764

to do out of ——1796

to cut out1815

bate1823

deprivate1832

devoid1878

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxij^v The capitain discomfited of al releue and succour, rendered the fortresse.

2. transitive. To frustrate the plans or hopes of, thwart, foil; to throw into perplexity, dejection, or confusion. Now chiefly in weakened sense: to cause unease, embarrassment, or discomfort to; to disconcert.In early use frequently in past participle.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)]

to-wendc893

mingeOE

dreveOE

angerc1175

sturb?c1225

worec1225

troublec1230

sturble1303

disturbc1305

movea1325

disturblec1330

drubblea1340

drovec1350

distroublec1369

tempestc1374

outsturba1382

unresta1382

stroublec1384

unquietc1384

conturb1393

mismaya1400

unquemea1400

uneasec1400

discomfita1425

smite?a1425

perturbc1425

pertrouble?1435

inquiet1486

toss1526

alter1529

disquiet1530

turmoil1530

perturbate1533

broil1548

mis-set?1553

shake1567

parbruilyiec1586

agitate1587

roil1590

transpose1594

discompose1603

harrow1609

hurry1611

obturb1623

shog1636

untune1638

alarm1649

disorder1655

begruntlea1670

pother1692

disconcert1695

ruffle1701

tempestuate1702

rough1777

caddle1781

to put out1796

upset1805

discomfort1806

start1821

faze1830

bother1832

to put aback1833

to put about1843

raft1844

queer1845

rattle1865

to turn over1865

untranquillize1874

hack1881

rock1881

to shake up1884

to put off1909

to go (also pass) through a phase1913

to weird out1970

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > make dejected [verb (transitive)]

drearya1300

discomfortc1325

batec1380

to cast downa1382

to throw downa1382

dullc1386

faintc1386

discomfita1425

discourage1436

sinkc1440

mischeera1450

discheerc1454

amatea1500

bedowa1522

damp1548

quail1548

dash1550

exanimate1552

afflict1561

dank1565

disanimate1565

sadden1565

languish1566

deject1581

dumpc1585

unheart1593

mope1596

chill1597

sour1600

disgallant1601

disheart1603

dishearten1606

fainten1620

depress1624

sullen1628

tristitiate1628

disliven1631

dampen1633

weigh1640

out-spirit1643

dispirit1647

flat1649

funeralize1654

hearta1658

disencourage1659

attrist1680

flatten1683

dismalizec1735

blue-devil1812

out-heart1845

downweigh1851

to get down1861

frigidize1868

languor1891

downcast1914

neg1987

a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain (1964) l. 1349 A sari man þan was Sir Kay..Al descumfite he lay on grownde.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 197 And fra ye hart be discumfyt, Ye body is nocht worth a myt.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Isocrates in Panoplie Epist. 171 Who being discomfited with the storms and tempestes thereof, never enter shippe.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. xvii. 26 Many secretly stole away, whereat the rest were no whit discomfited.

1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 149 Not impeded by those wants that usually discomfit private persons in such enquiries.

1732 H. Fielding Mod. Husband v. x. 77 Call me not ungrateful for attempting to discomfit your Husband's Purpose.

1788 Compl. Art of Boxing 11 Become weak and languid, and totally discomfit you.

1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) i. 3 Dombey was quite discomfited by the question.

1908 E. F. Benson Climber 153 I love seeing an excuse discomfited... You surely ought to have looked at the clock before you said you thought dinner was at half-past eight.

1921 G. Stair Bird of Passage viii. 130 He had a lecture ready for the vixen whom he suspected of having held the match overlong on purpose to discomfit him.

1986 G. Horne Black & red 101 This intense focus naturally discomfited her.

2012 Guardian (Nexis) 28 July 40 Israel welcomed anything that would undermine Syria and discomfit Iran.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	discomfit
释义	discomfitn. Brit. /dɪˈskʌmfᵻt/, U.S. /dɪˈskəmfᵻt/ Forms: Middle English descomfite, Middle English discoumfit, Middle English dyscomfite, Middle English dyscowmfyte, Middle English–1500s dyscomfyte, Middle English– discomfit, 1500s–1600s discomfite; Scottish pre-1700 discomfite, pre-1700 discumfit. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: discomfit v. Etymology: Apparently < discomfit v. Compare Old French desconfite (probably 1224 in an apparently isolated attestation), Old Occitan desconfida , post-classical Latin disconfita (13th cent. in an Italian source), all in sense ‘defeat’. Compare earlier scomfit n. and later discomfiture n.In later use in sense 2 probably partly influenced by association with discomfort n. Compare discomfit v. 2. 1. Defeat in battle; = discomfiture n. 1. Also: an instance of this. Now rare.In later quots. probably a contextual use of sense 2. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defeat > [noun] confusionc1290 scomfit13.. cumber1303 discomfitc1330 scomfitingc1333 discomfiturea1400 scomfiturea1400 discomfitingc1405 overthrowc1440 male journey1455 overset1456 foilc1478 discomforture1485 supprise1488 reversea1529 distrage?1548 loss1548 defeat1553 underdeal1553 discomfort1589 defeatment1598 defeature1598 rufflec1600 defeatance1608 routa1616 Caudine Forks1619 disrout1623 conviction1631 bang1644 derout1644 conquest1677 drubbing1769 check1793 thrashing1797 sauve-qui-peut1815 debacle1847 smash1888 pasting1942 c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 156 Fel kinges in lond Þat Costaunce wan vnder his hond..Of þat descomfite hadden care. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. l. 345 The battell of Methwen, and the first discomfite of King Robert. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 216 The Sterrys makyth many mewyngys in the coragis of mene, and of that comyth..victories, and dyscomfites. a1525 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Trin. Dublin) (1896) 30 The other weneden that thay departed yn dyscomfyte. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie (new ed.) i. xxiv. 39 Those songs of the dolorous discomfits in battaile. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 469 Dagon must stoop, and shall e're long receive Such a discomfit, as shall quite despoil him Of all these boasted Trophies won on me. View more context for this quotation 1750 W. Shirley Edward Black Prince i. i. 4 Should they venture Battle, their Discomfit Will render our Retreat to Bourdeaux safe, And end our Labours with a noble Triumph. 1866 Catholic World Jan. 488/2 Their hopes were now reinspired by the addition of those forces which had contributed so largely to the discomfit of Candelissa. 1900 J. B. Bury Hist. Greece x. 438 To none was the discomfit of the Spartans in Messenia sweeter than to the Messenian exiles who had borne their part in the work of that memorable day. 2. Dejection; perplexity, confusion; (now chiefly in weakened sense) unease, embarrassment, discomfort; = discomfiture n. 2. Also: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > [noun] mingingOE riddleOE cumbermentc1300 willa1325 encumbrancec1330 were1338 perplexitya1393 discomfiturea1425 cumbrancec1460 confuse1483 proplexity1487 perplexion?c1500 amazedness?1520 amazement1553 subversion1558 amaze?1560 perplexednessa1586 confusedness1587 puzzle1599 confusion1600 mizmaze1604 discomfita1616 embarras1627 obfuscation1628 mystery1629 confoundedness1641 puzzledness1662 confuseness1710 puzzlement1731 puzzledom1748 embarrassment1751 puzzleation1767 bepuzzlement1806 conjecture1815 mystification1817 bewilderment1819 perplexment1826 fuddle1827 wilderment1830 discomforture1832 head-scratching1832 baffle1843 posement1850 muddlement1857 turbidity1868 fogging1878 bemuddlement1884 harl1889 befuddlement1905 turbidness1906 wuzziness1942 perplexability1999 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > disappointment > [noun] > opposition of plans, frustrating fruster1488 frustrationa1575 discomfita1616 frustrating1640 thwarting1825 discomfiture1828 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > [noun] > action or quality of upsetting sturbing?c1225 sturblingc1330 troublingc1340 perturbationa1382 oversettinga1398 stroublinga1400 perturbancec1425 unresting?c1450 inquieting1527 disquieting1535 disquietment1606 discomfita1616 rufflement1806 discomfiture1885 upsettingness1922 a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) v. iv. 15 Vncureable discomfite Reignes in the hearts of all. View more context for this quotation 1782 H. Walpole Let. 21 Mar. (1971) XXV. ix. 259 An intriguing faction who did not foresee the discomfit they were bringing on themselves. 1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales II. 314 'Twere slight to boast The foul discomfit of that felon-host. 1844 Mrs. Flannigan Antigua & Antiguans I. 187 The poor creature..exhausted..with the discomfits of its voyage, had fallen down on its way to the butcher's. 1902 Friend Mar. 26/1 Chinese begin their Konohi (New Year's) celebrations, to the discomfit of many households. 1985 Newsweek 8 July 11 To the possible discomfit of the Reagan administration,..Allyn Conwell, 39, has also emerged as an articulate exponent of Shiite discontent. 2007 C. Langley Lone Pine 7 Paiute and Shoshone Indian communities watched the strangers travel through the area, feeling curiosity mixed with discomfit that would turn to war. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). discomfitv. Brit. /dɪˈskʌmfᵻt/, U.S. /dɪˈskəmfət/ Inflections: Present participle discomfiting, (nonstandard) discomfitting; past tense and past participle discomfited, (nonstandard) discomfitted; Forms: 1. Present stem Middle English desconfite, Middle English desconfyt, Middle English discomfett, Middle English discoumfit, Middle English discounfit, Middle English discounfyt, Middle English dyscomfet, Middle English dyscomfyte, Middle English dyscounfyte, Middle English dyscowmfyt, Middle English dyscumfyte, Middle English–1500s disconfite, Middle English–1500s disconfyte, Middle English–1600s discomfite, Middle English– discomfit, 1500s discomfight, 1500s discomfyt, 1500s discomfyte, 1500s dyscomfyt, 1500s dysconfet, 1600s discomfeit, 1900s– disconfit (U.S. regional (chiefly south Appalachian)); Scottish pre-1700 discomfyet, pre-1700 disconfit, pre-1700 discumfete, pre-1700 discumfit, pre-1700 discumfyte, pre-1700 dyscumffyte, pre-1700 1700s– discomfit; N.E.D. (1896) also records a form Middle English dyscomfyt. 2. Past tense Middle English discomfit, Middle English discomfite, Middle English discomfyted, Middle English disconfet, Middle English–1500s dyscomfyted, Middle English– discomfited, 1500s discoumfited, 1600s discomfeited, 1600s– discomfitted (now nonstandard); also Scottish pre-1700 desconfeitt, pre-1700 discomfeitt, pre-1700 discumfeit. 3. Past participle Middle English descomfit, Middle English desconfit, Middle English desconfyted, Middle English descumfit, Middle English descumfite, Middle English deskumfit, Middle English discomfet, Middle English discomfeyte, Middle English discomfyd, Middle English disconfite, Middle English disconfyted, Middle English discoumfit, Middle English discoumfite, Middle English discoumfiteden (plural), Middle English discounfite, Middle English discounfited, Middle English discounfitede, Middle English discounfytyde, Middle English dyscomfyd, Middle English dyscomfyte, Middle English dysconfyte, Middle English dysconfyted, Middle English dyscumfete, Middle English–1500s discomfit, Middle English–1500s discomfyt, Middle English–1500s discomfyted, Middle English–1500s disconfit, Middle English–1500s disconfyte, Middle English–1500s discumfit, Middle English–1500s dyscomfyted, Middle English–1600s discomfite, Middle English– discomfited, 1500s discomefited, 1500s discomfetied, 1500s discoumfited, 1500s dyscomfited, 1500s–1600s discomfeited, 1500s– discomfitted (now nonstandard); also Scottish pre-1700 desconfeitt, pre-1700 discomfeit, pre-1700 discomfeitt, pre-1700 discomfit, pre-1700 discomfite, pre-1700 discomfitit, pre-1700 discomfitte, pre-1700 discomfyet, pre-1700 discomfyt, pre-1700 discomfyte, pre-1700 disconfeit, pre-1700 disconfeitt, pre-1700 disconfit, pre-1700 disconfite, pre-1700 disconfyt, pre-1700 disconfyte, pre-1700 discumfeit, pre-1700 discumfete, pre-1700 discumfit, pre-1700 discumfyde, pre-1700 discumfyt, pre-1700 discumfyte, pre-1700 dyscumfyt, pre-1700 dyscumfyte; N.E.D. (1896) also records forms Middle English desconfet, Middle English descoumfit, Middle English dyscomfid, Middle English dyscounfite. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French disconfit, disconfire. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman descounfit, descumfit, descunfit, discomfit, disconfit, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French desconfit, Anglo-Norman and Middle French descomfit, past participle of Anglo-Norman descounfire, descumfire, descunfire, discomfire, disconfire, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French desconfire, Anglo-Norman and Middle French descomfire (French déconfire ) to destroy (a person or thing) physically (c1100), to defeat (a person) utterly in battle (late 12th cent.), to throw (a person) into dejection or confusion (early 14th cent. or earlier) < des- (see dis- prefix) + Anglo-Norman cumfire , counfire , cunfire , Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French comfire , confire (French confire : see comfit n.). Compare Old Occitan desconfir , Catalan †desconfir (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier), and also post-classical Latin disconficere to defeat (from 13th cent. in British and continental sources). Compare later scomfit v., and also later discomfish v.Past participle forms ending in -fit , -fyt are after the French past participle forms. Past participle forms in which the stem ends in d (e.g. Middle English discomfyd ) may show regularization by analogy with regular past participle forms in -ed suffix¹. In later use in sense 2 probably partly influenced by association with discomfort v. Compare discomfit n. 2. 1. a. transitive. To defeat (an opponent or enemy) in battle; to beat, rout; to vanquish, overthrow. Also in extended use. Now rare.In early use frequently in past participle. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome overcomeeOE shendc893 awinc1000 overwinOE overheaveOE to lay downa1225 mate?c1225 discomfitc1230 win1297 dauntc1300 cumber1303 scomfit1303 fenkc1320 to bear downc1330 confoundc1330 confusec1330 to do, put arrear1330 oversetc1330 vanquishc1330 conquerc1374 overthrowc1375 oppressc1380 outfighta1382 to put downa1382 discomfortc1384 threshc1384 vencuea1400 depressc1400 venque?1402 ding?a1425 cumrayc1425 to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425 to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430 distrussc1430 supprisec1440 ascomfita1450 to do stress?c1450 victorya1470 to make (win) a conquest1477 convanquish1483 conquest1485 defeat1485 oversailc1485 conques1488 discomfish1488 fulyie1488 distress1489 overpress1489 cravent1490 utter?1533 to give (a person) the overthrow1536 debel1542 convince1548 foil1548 out-war1548 profligate1548 proflige?c1550 expugnate1568 expugn1570 victor1576 dismay1596 damnify1598 triumph1605 convict1607 overman1609 thrash1609 beat1611 debellate1611 import1624 to cut to (or in) pieces1632 maitrise1636 worst1636 forcea1641 outfight1650 outgeneral1767 to cut up1803 smash1813 slosh1890 ream1918 hammer1948 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > disappointment > disappoint, frustrate [verb (transitive)] > frustrate, thwart discomfitc1230 blenk?a1400 mispoint1480 fruster1490 frustrate?a1513 disappoint1545 destitutea1563 foila1564 deceive1571 thwart1581 balka1593 discomfort1596 unwont1629 fail1634 c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 128 Ne muhe beo descumfit o neauer nane wise. c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 61 Ðei discounfitede him han and scaþet ful ofte. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 4984 Þey ordeyned hem..Aȝens þe Phylystynes for to go, And hem dyscumfyte and slo. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 1001 Schamly ere we discomfite. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. i. l. 108 Þei were disconfit in bataille. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 122 Dyscowmfytyn, confuto, supero, vinco. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cciiij^v Hys men..which were in maner disconfit, and redy to flye. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. ii. 114 Thrice hath this Hotspur Mars in swathling cloaths..Discomfited great Dowglas. View more context for this quotation 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iii. viii. §1. 88 A Nauie..ouerthrew the fleet of Xerxes, whose Land-forces were soone after discomfited by them. 1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs ⁋281 Farre lesse able..to discomfit, overcome, and expell diseases. a1713 T. Ellwood Coll. Poems (?1750) 20 Put Thou the Enemy to flight.., Discomfit Thou his Forces quite, And fill my Soul with lasting Joy. 1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) I. xx. 305 Her [sc. France's] arms had been discomfited in every quarter. 1858 C. M. Yonge Cameos xlvi, in Monthly Packet May 463 Come, and we shall discomfit them! 1905 E. G. Browne Abridged Transl. Hist. Tabaristan 211 The Sayyid, by bribing Rashámúj the son of Shír-Mardán to desert his side was able to discomfit and rout him. 1990 C. Gravett Medieval Siege Warfare 25/1 Warriors would leave their defences to discomfit the enemy. †b. transitive. To deprive (a person) of something by defeat. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of) benimc890 to do of ——eOE bedealc1000 disturbc1230 bereavec1275 reave?a1300 acquitc1300 benemec1300 deprivec1330 privea1382 subvertc1384 oppressc1395 abridgea1400 to bate of, from1399 lessa1400 nakena1400 dischargea1425 privatec1425 to bring outa1450 abatec1450 sever?1507 spulyie?1507 denude1513 disable1529 distrain1530 destituec1540 destitutec1540 defalk1541 to turn out of ——1545 discomfit1548 wipe1549 nude1551 disannul?a1556 bereft1557 diminish1559 benoom1563 joint1573 uncase1583 rid1585 disarm1590 visitc1592 ease1600 dispatch1604 unfurnisha1616 rig1629 retrench1640 unbecomea1641 disentail1641 cashier1690 twin1722 mulct1748 fordo1764 to do out of ——1796 to cut out1815 bate1823 deprivate1832 devoid1878 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxij^v The capitain discomfited of al releue and succour, rendered the fortresse. 2. transitive. To frustrate the plans or hopes of, thwart, foil; to throw into perplexity, dejection, or confusion. Now chiefly in weakened sense: to cause unease, embarrassment, or discomfort to; to disconcert.In early use frequently in past participle. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)] to-wendc893 mingeOE dreveOE angerc1175 sturb?c1225 worec1225 troublec1230 sturble1303 disturbc1305 movea1325 disturblec1330 drubblea1340 drovec1350 distroublec1369 tempestc1374 outsturba1382 unresta1382 stroublec1384 unquietc1384 conturb1393 mismaya1400 unquemea1400 uneasec1400 discomfita1425 smite?a1425 perturbc1425 pertrouble?1435 inquiet1486 toss1526 alter1529 disquiet1530 turmoil1530 perturbate1533 broil1548 mis-set?1553 shake1567 parbruilyiec1586 agitate1587 roil1590 transpose1594 discompose1603 harrow1609 hurry1611 obturb1623 shog1636 untune1638 alarm1649 disorder1655 begruntlea1670 pother1692 disconcert1695 ruffle1701 tempestuate1702 rough1777 caddle1781 to put out1796 upset1805 discomfort1806 start1821 faze1830 bother1832 to put aback1833 to put about1843 raft1844 queer1845 rattle1865 to turn over1865 untranquillize1874 hack1881 rock1881 to shake up1884 to put off1909 to go (also pass) through a phase1913 to weird out1970 the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > make dejected [verb (transitive)] drearya1300 discomfortc1325 batec1380 to cast downa1382 to throw downa1382 dullc1386 faintc1386 discomfita1425 discourage1436 sinkc1440 mischeera1450 discheerc1454 amatea1500 bedowa1522 damp1548 quail1548 dash1550 exanimate1552 afflict1561 dank1565 disanimate1565 sadden1565 languish1566 deject1581 dumpc1585 unheart1593 mope1596 chill1597 sour1600 disgallant1601 disheart1603 dishearten1606 fainten1620 depress1624 sullen1628 tristitiate1628 disliven1631 dampen1633 weigh1640 out-spirit1643 dispirit1647 flat1649 funeralize1654 hearta1658 disencourage1659 attrist1680 flatten1683 dismalizec1735 blue-devil1812 out-heart1845 downweigh1851 to get down1861 frigidize1868 languor1891 downcast1914 neg1987 a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain (1964) l. 1349 A sari man þan was Sir Kay..Al descumfite he lay on grownde. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 197 And fra ye hart be discumfyt, Ye body is nocht worth a myt. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Isocrates in Panoplie Epist. 171 Who being discomfited with the storms and tempestes thereof, never enter shippe. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. xvii. 26 Many secretly stole away, whereat the rest were no whit discomfited. 1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 149 Not impeded by those wants that usually discomfit private persons in such enquiries. 1732 H. Fielding Mod. Husband v. x. 77 Call me not ungrateful for attempting to discomfit your Husband's Purpose. 1788 Compl. Art of Boxing 11 Become weak and languid, and totally discomfit you. 1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) i. 3 Dombey was quite discomfited by the question. 1908 E. F. Benson Climber 153 I love seeing an excuse discomfited... You surely ought to have looked at the clock before you said you thought dinner was at half-past eight. 1921 G. Stair Bird of Passage viii. 130 He had a lecture ready for the vixen whom he suspected of having held the match overlong on purpose to discomfit him. 1986 G. Horne Black & red 101 This intense focus naturally discomfited her. 2012 Guardian (Nexis) 28 July 40 Israel welcomed anything that would undermine Syria and discomfit Iran. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1330v.c1230
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