单词 | dismal |
释义 | dismaln.adj. A. n. I. (The original use.) ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [noun] > time of dismalc1300 the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > time of > day or days dismalc1300 Egyptian days1398 cross-days1555 dog day1555 c1300 Langtoft's Chron. (Rolls II. 258), Cambr. MS. Gg. I. i. (c1310) (Satirical Verses on Baliol) Begkot an bride, Rede him at ride In the dismale [rhyme liale]. c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 1206 I trowe hyt was in the dismalle, That was the .x. woundes of Egipte. a1400 Pystyll of Susan 305 Þou hast I be presedent, þe peple to steere, Þou dotest now on þin olde tos in þe dismale [v.rr. in þin olde days, in þin elde]. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 93 A waytiþ not þeis Egipcian daies, þat we call dysmal. II. [Elliptical or absolute use of B.] a. The devil. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > the Devil or Satan > [noun] devileOE Beelzebubc950 the foul ghosteOE SatanOE warlockOE SatanasOE worsea1200 unwinea1225 wondc1250 quedea1275 pucka1300 serpenta1300 dragon1340 shrew1362 Apollyon1382 the god of this worldc1384 Mahoundc1400 leviathan1412 worsta1425 old enemyc1449 Ruffin1567 dismal1570 Plotcocka1578 the Wicked One1582 goodman1603 Mahu1603 foul thief1609 somebody1609 legiona1616 Lord of Flies1622 walliman1629 shaitan1638 Old Nicka1643 Nick1647 unsel?1675 old gentleman1681 old boy1692 the gentleman in black1693 deuce1694 Black Spy1699 the vicious one1713 worricow1719 Old Roger1725 Lord of the Flies1727 Simmie1728 Old Scratch1734 Old Harry1777 Old Poker1784 Auld Hornie1786 old (auld), ill thief1789 old one1790 little-good1821 Tom Walker1833 bogy1840 diabolarch1845 Old Ned1859 iniquity1899 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Aiv/2 Ye Dismall, deuill, diabolus. 1603 Thre Prestis of Peblis (Charteris) (1920) 26 Neuer bot by the dysmel or the Deuil. b. A funeral mute. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > people involved in funeral > [noun] > mourner > hired or professional weeper1412 saulie1621 blacka1625 mourner1631 wailer1647 dismal?1710 mute1741 keener1786 howler1844 moirologist1886 ?1710 Squire Bickerstaff Detected 5 Away..into your Flanel Gear..here's a whole Pack of Dismals coming to you with their black Equipage. ΚΠ a1605 A. Montgomerie Flyting with Polwart 315 The doit and the dismail, indifferentlie delt. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific purpose > mourning clothes, habit, weeds of dole1388 clothing of carea1400 blacka1425 mourning blacka1425 mourningc1450 weedsc1485 dolec1500 care-weed?1507 sables1603 wailing robesa1616 mournings1634 penitentials1679 dismals1748 weedery1908 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VI. cxvii. 372 How would she have adorned the weeds!.. Such pretty employment in new dismals. a1777 S. Foote Trip to Calais (1778) iii. 64 As my lady is deck'd out in her dismals, perhaps she may take a fancy to faint. 5. plural. a. Low spirits, the dumps, the ‘blues’. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] > fit of gloominga1400 dumpa1535 mubble fubbles1589 mulligrubs1599 mumps1599 mood1609 blues1741 mopes1742 gloom1744 humdrums1757 dismals1764 horror1768 mournfuls1794 doldrum1811 doleful1822 glumps1825 jim-jams1896 katzenjammer1897 the sniffles1903 mopery1907 joes1916 woofits1918 cafard1924 jimmies1928 the blahs1969 downer1970 1764 S. Foote Lyar ii. 29 He..seems entirely wrapt up in the dismals. 1777 J. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 265 The spleen, the vapors, the dismals, the horrors seem to have seized our whole State. 1808 M. A. Lamb Let. 10 Dec. in Lett. C. & M. A. Lamb (1976) II. 286 When we are in the dismals there is now no hope of relief from any quarter whatsoever. 1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy III. vii. 129 He has frightened that poor old woman into the dismals. 1893 ‘E. Lyall’ To Right the Wrong I. 44 What business have you to indulge in a fit of the dismals on this gala-day? b. plural. Expressions of gloom or despondency. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > [noun] > instance or act of lamenting moan?c1225 mean?c1250 bimena1325 lamentation1382 queryc1400 pinec1440 tragedy1536 lamentc1592 complaint?1606 conclamation1627 quiritation1634 throb1635 pathetic1667 dismals1774 jeremiad1780 complain1820 tangi1836 Jobism1855 wail1867 rune1922 vigil1956 1774 J. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 16 Their mutual reproaches, their declamations..their triumphs and defiances, their dismals and prophecies, are all delusion. c. plural. Depressing circumstances, miseries. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > tribulation, trouble, or affliction > state of misery wretchhead1154 uselldomc1175 wretchdom?c1225 yomernessc1250 wan-siðc1275 werea1300 wretchedheada1300 cursedness1303 wrechea1325 wretchnessa1330 wretchednessa1340 caitifty1340 miseryc1375 caitifhedea1400 languora1400 caitifnessc1400 deploration1490 caitifdoma1500 pitya1500 unkindness1502 woefulnessa1513 miserability1559 villainya1571 ungraciousness1578 miserableness1613 deplorableness1649 misère1791 dismals1829 unblessedness1836 the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] > depressing quality > depressing thing, person, or circumstances cloudc1430 palla1450 melancholya1475 downdraughta1681 Job's comforter1738 damper1748 killjoy1776 wet blanket1810 down-drag1814 chill1821 dismals1829 shadow1855 down1856 a skeleton at the feast (or banquet)1857 wet blanket1857 depressor1868 dampener1887 sorry-go-round1898 wet smack1927 bringdown1935 droopy drawers1939 big chill1943 party pooper1947 misery1951 party poop1951 grinch1966 downer1969 1829 Sporting Mag. 24 107 Quitting the dismals, I must relate an amusing anecdote. 1865 Reader 25 Feb. 221/3 She harps upon the petty annoyances of her dreary poverty, and on other dismals of life. 6. A local name of dreary tracts of swampy land on the eastern sea-board of the United States, esp. in North Carolina. ΚΠ 1763 G. Washington Writings (1889) II. 198 5 miles from the aforesaid mills, near to which the Dismal runs. 1812 H. Williams Hist. N. Carolina II. 180 Such are the Dismals, so called, and the other great swamps that are numerous in the flat country. 1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 149 The ‘Great Dismal Swamp’, with the smaller ‘Dismals’..of the same character, along the North Carolina Coast. B. adj. [originally attributive use of A.] ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [adjective] > inauspicious > of days dismalc1420 c1420 J. Lydgate Story of Thebes (1561) iii. 370 a/1 Her disemale daies and her fatal houres. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn Prol. l. 650 So trewly for the Pardonere it was a dismol day. 1548 T. Cranmer Catechismus sig. Bvjv Other ther be that thinke, that when the Sonne, Moone, or any other planetes is in this or yt signe, it is an vnlucky thinge to enterpryse this or that, and vpon suche dismolde daies (as they call them) they wyll begyn no new enterprise. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Dismall dayes, atri dies, dies Ægiptiaci. 1560 Bp. J. Pilkington Aggeus the Prophete i. sig. B viij b Why shall we then be bolde to call them euyll, infortunate, and dysmall days?.. Why shal they not prosper on those dayes, as well as on other? 1576 A. Fleming tr. Sulpicius in Panoplie Epist. 24 If she had now escaped her dismall daye: yet, doubtlesse..within a fewe yeares her life would have ended. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. sig. S5 An vgly feend, more fowle then dismall day. 1608 Bp. J. Hall Characters Vertues & Vices ii. 88 If his iourney began..on the dismall day; or if hee stumbled at the threshold. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. 12 Hee..distinguisht the yeere into twelue months, & markt out which dayes were luckie, and which were dismall. 1738 T. Birch Life Milton in J. Milton Wks. I. 75 Before that dismal 30th of January that his Majesty's Life was taken away.] ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [adjective] > inauspicious perilousc1390 unlucky1519 unchancy1533 unhappy1533 infortunate1548 sinistrous?c1550 luckless1584 dismal1588 ominous1589 fatal1590 bad-bodinga1592 disastrous1598 inauspicious1599 black1604 naught1620 inauspicate1632 infaustous1656 infaust1658 ill-omened1685 black boding1743 wanchancy1768 oracular1820 inominous1832 widdershins1926 1588 R. Greene Perimedes sig. C Seest thou not a dismall influence, to inflict a dispairing chaos of confused mishaps. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) ii. vi. 58 Now death shall stop his dismall threatning sound, And his ill-boading tongue, no more shall speake. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. ii. 41 A Rauens Note, Whose dismall tune bereft my Vitall powres. View more context for this quotation 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 139 Such like love..could not prove to her otherwise than dismall and unluckie. 1664 J. Dryden Rival Ladies v. iii. 65 It was that dismal Night Which tore my Anchor up.] 3. Of the nature of misfortune or disaster; disastrous, calamitous. (Now rare, and associated with sense B. 5) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [adjective] > calamitous or disastrous unholda1350 blacka1387 unhappyc1386 mischievousc1390 mischieffula1400 tragicalc1525 tragic1533 calamitous1545 mistempered1570 disadventurous1590 ominous1594 dismal1599 disastrous1601 ill-starredc1704 disventurousa1739 catastrophal1842 1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iv. iii. 19 My dismall sceane I needs must act alone. View more context for this quotation 1599 T. Moffett Silkewormes 37 A little dismall fire whole townes hath burnd, A little winde doth spread that dismall fire. 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 188 Many dismall showres of Darts and stones. 1701 Acct. Life in T. Stanley Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) Introd. sig. d Epilepsies, Convulsions and other Dismal and Affrighting Distempers. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 418. ¶6 Torments, Wounds, Deaths, and the like dismal Accidents. 1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II I. xii. 383 Involved in this dismal catastrophy. 1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh v. 196 If this then be success, 'tis dismaller Than any failure. 4. Causing dismay; terrible, dreadful, dire. Now in weakened sense (associated with 5): Causing gloom or dejection, depressing, wretched, miserable. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > [adjective] eislichc888 eyesfulOE awfulc1175 smarta1200 ferlya1225 sternc1275 grisea1300 uglya1300 dreadfula1325 fell?c1335 stout1338 perilousc1380 terriblec1400 ghastfulc1449 timorous1455 epouventable1477 bedreadc1485 dreadablec1490 dreadc1540 buggisha1555 dreaded1556 monster-like1561 dire1567 scareful1567 terrifying1577 scary1582 direful1583 affrighting1592 dismal1594 affrightful1603 diral1606 tirable1607 frighting1619 scaring1641 affrighteninga1651 formidolous1656 terrific1667 terrifical1677 atrocious1733 terrorful1789 orful1845 lurid1850 terrorsome1890 turble1893 timorsome1894 like the wrath of God1936 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iii. i. 260 Be this dismall sight The closing vp of our most wretched eies. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. v. 12 My Fell of haire Would at a dismall Treatise rowze, and stirre As life were in't. View more context for this quotation 1686 A. Horneck Crucified Jesus ii. 24 The Devil appeared unto him in a..most dismal shape. 1728 A. Pope Dunciad iii. 219 Dire is the conflict, dismal is the din. 1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 204 Full well the busy whisper circling round Conveyed the dismal tidings when he frowned. 1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. i. 17 The sight of this wreck..gave rise to many dismal anecdotes. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 460 These things when spoken to a multitude..take up a dismal length of time. 5. a. Of a character or aspect that causes gloom and depression; depressingly dark, sombre, gloomy, dreary, or cheerless. Dismal Science, Carlyle's nickname for Political Economy. Great Dismal Swamp (U.S.): see A. 6. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing darkOE unmerryOE deathlyc1225 dolefulc1275 elengec1275 dreicha1300 coolc1350 cloudyc1374 sada1375 colda1400 deadlya1400 joylessc1400 unjoyful?c1400 disconsolatea1413 mournfula1425 funeralc1425 uncheerfulc1449 dolent1489 dolesome1533 heavy-hearted1555 glum1558 ungladsome1558 black1562 pleasureless1567 dern1570 plaintive?1570 glummish1573 cheerless1575 comfortless1576 wintry1579 glummy1580 funebral1581 discouraging1584 dernful?1591 murk1596 recomfortless1596 sullen1597 amating1600 lugubrious1601 dusky1602 sable1603 funebrial1604 damping1607 mortifying1611 tearful?1611 uncouth1611 dulsome1613 luctual1613 dismal1617 winterous1617 unked1620 mopish1621 godforsaken?1623 uncheerly1627 funebrious1630 lugubrous1632 drearisome1633 unheartsome1637 feral1641 drear1645 darksome1649 sadding1649 saddening1650 disheartening1654 funebrous1654 luctiferous1656 mestifical1656 tristifical1656 sooty1657 dreary1667 tenebrose1677 clouded1682 tragicala1700 funereal1707 gloomy1710 sepulchrala1711 dumpishc1717 bleaka1719 depressive1727 lugubre1727 muzzy1728 dispiriting1733 uncheery1760 unconsolatory1760 unjolly1764 Decemberly1765 sombre1768 uncouthie1768 depressing1772 unmirthful1782 sombrous1789 disanimating1791 Decemberish1793 grey1794 uncheering1796 ungenial1796 uncomforting1798 disencouraginga1806 stern1812 chilling1815 uncheered1817 dejecting1818 mopey1821 desponding1828 wisht1829 leadening1835 unsportful1837 demoralizing1840 Novemberish1840 frigid1844 morne1844 tragic1848 wet-blanketty1848 morgue1850 ungladdeneda1851 adusk1856 smileless1858 soul-sick1858 Novemberya1864 saturnine1863 down1873 lacklustre1883 Heaven-abandoneda1907 downbeat1952 doomy1967 1617 J. Minsheu Ἡγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas Dismall..It signifieth also Darke. 1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes i. §23. 30 On a sudden was that faire skie turned into a sulphurious and most dismall skie. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 146 Blacke is not knowne among them, they say tis dismall and a signe of hell and sorrow. 1696 tr. J. Dumont New Voy. Levant 48 The Ghastliness of the Prospect is heighten'd by the Pine-Trees, that cast a dismal Shade. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §311 It looked very dismal and threatening all the time. 1849 T. Carlyle Nigger Question in Misc. Ess. (1872) VII. 84 The Social Science—not a ‘gay science’, but a rueful,—which finds the secret of this Universe in ‘supply and demand’..what we might call, by way of eminence, the dismal science. 1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets i. 53 Economists, Emancipationists, Constitutionalists, and miscellaneous Professors of the Dismal Science. 1873 W. Black Princess of Thule i. 11 What a wild and dismal country was this which lay..all around him! 1882 Garden 28 Jan. 54/2 The fogs in London this week have been about at their dismallest. b. Of sounds: Dreary, cheerless, woeful. (In late use chiefly subjective, as in B. 6.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > mournful or plaintive sound > [adjective] complainingc1430 plainful1598 dismala1616 querulous1628 groaning1697 plaintive1697 gaunt1814 a16161 [see sense B. 2]. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Dismal ditty, a Psalm at the Gallows. 1703 W. Dampier Voy. New Holland iii. 131 Whales..blowing and making a very dismal Noise. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 347 The dismallest Howling of Wolves. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. i. 44 Afar in the woods, they raise a dismal shout. a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) I. 139 And heard her singing a lively song, In a very dismal tone. 1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 80 The dismal groans of the harmonium. 1894 R. D. Blackmore Perlycross I. vii. 104 A dismal wail of anguish. 6. Of a character or aspect denoting gloom or depression; (subjectively) gloomy or miserable. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] ungladc888 wearyc888 drearyc1000 dreary-moodOE heavyc1000 unmerryOE droopy?c1225 mournc1275 sada1300 languishinga1325 amayedc1330 matec1330 unlightc1330 unblissful1340 lowa1382 mishappyc1390 dullc1393 elengely1393 droopinga1400 heavy-hearteda1400 joylessa1400 sytefula1400 mornifc1400 tristy?c1400 lightless?1406 heartlessa1413 tristc1420 amatec1425 languoring?c1425 mirthlessc1430 heavisome1435 darkc1440 gloomingc1440 comfortlessc1460 amateda1470 chermatc1475 tristfula1492 lustless?1507 dolorous1513 ruthful1513 downcast1521 deject1528 heartsicka1529 lumpisha1535 coolc1540 dowlyc1540 glum1547 discouraged1548 uncheerfulc1555 dumpish1560 out of heart1565 sadded1566 amoped1573 tristive1578 desolated1580 dejected1581 à la mort1586 delightless1589 afflicted1590 gladless1590 groanful1590 gloomya1593 muddy1592 sitheful1592 cloudy1594 leaden-hearted1596 disconsolated1598 clum1599 life-weary1599 spiritless1600 dusky1602 chop-fallen1604 flat1604 disanimated1605 jaw-fallen1605 moped1606 chap-fallen1608 decheerful1608 uncheerful1612 lacklustrea1616 pulled1616 dumpya1618 depressed1621 head-hung1632 grum1640 downa1644 dispirited1647 down-at-mouth1649 down in (rarely of) the mouth1649 unhearted1650 sunlessa1658 sadful1658 unlightened1659 chagrin1665 saddened1665 damp1667 moping1674 desponding1688 tristitious1694 unenjoying1697 unraised1697 unheartya1699 unked1698 despondent1699 dismal1705 unjoyful1709 unrejoiced1714 dreara1717 disheartened1720 mumpish1721 unrejoicing1726 downhearted1742 out of spirits1745 chagrineda1754 low-spirited1753 sombrea1767 black-blooded1771 glumpy1780 oorie1787 sombrous1789 morose1791 Novemberish1793 glumpish1800 mopeful1800 die-away1802 blue-devilish1804 blue-devilled1807 malagrugrous1818 down in the hip1826 yonderly1828 sunshineless1831 downfaced1832 broody1851 in a (or the) trough1856 blue-devilly1871 drooped1873 glummy1884 pippy1886 humpy1889 pipped1914 lousy1933 pissed1943 crappy1956 doomy1961 bummed1970 1705 tr. W. Bosman New Descr. Coast of Guinea xx. 403 You may be surpriz'd that these poor Wretches should wear Hats, Perukes, &c. which they do in a very particular dismal manner. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 234 Wrote dismal letters to Court. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. vii. 61 The only dismal figure in a groupe of merry faces. 1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lxvii. 304 I think you should suffer your dismal countenance to clear up. 1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville II. 14 Gathering the mangled bodies of the slain..the warriors returned, in dismal procession, to the village. Compounds dismal-dreaming adj. ΚΠ 1790 Passionate Pilgrim in E. Malone Plays & Poems Shakspeare XI. 331 And drives away dark dismal-dreaming night. Special uses Dismal Desmond n. a toy dog with drooping ears; also transferred, a gloomy person. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] > dejected or gloomy person unhappy hooka1529 drooper1577 disconsolate1631 desponder1689 mope1693 moper1721 despondent1812 misery1888 crape-hanger1921 Dismal Desmond1926 Dismal Jimmy1927 crêpe-hanger1930 Eeyore1932 1926–7 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 891/3 Dismal Desmond. An amusing, lovable puppy. 1934 A. Christie Parker Pyne Investigates 66 The gentleman selling Dismal Desmonds does not know what to make of it. 1938 E. Bowen Death of Heart ii. iii. 219 A Dismal Desmond dog sat on the bed. 1939 ‘M. Innes’ Stop Press ii. vii. 319 A blob of a nose, a mottled snout, a lachrymose eye, a..drooping ear—the creature is called a Dismal Desmond and is known in every nursery. 1941 A. Christie N or M? i. 5 I wasn't conscious of looking a Dismal Desmond. 1968 ‘R. Raine’ Night of Hawk x. 52 Larry's a character and a half. Don't let the dismal Desmond look fool you. Dismal Jimmy n. colloquial a gloomy person. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] > dejected or gloomy person unhappy hooka1529 drooper1577 disconsolate1631 desponder1689 mope1693 moper1721 despondent1812 misery1888 crape-hanger1921 Dismal Desmond1926 Dismal Jimmy1927 crêpe-hanger1930 Eeyore1932 1927 Melody Maker Sept. 931/2 We are not prophets nor dismal Jimmies. 1940 H. G. Wells All aboard for Ararat iii. 92 It's up in all the offices now; the Dismal Jimmy stuff is barred. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † dismalv. Obsolete. intransitive. To feel dismal or melancholy.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > be or become dejected [verb (intransitive)] heavyOE fallOE droopena1225 lourc1290 droopc1330 to abate one's countenance (also cheer)a1350 dullc1374 fainta1375 languora1375 languisha1382 afflicta1393 gloppen?a1400 weary1434 appalc1450 to have one's heart in one's boots (also shoes, heels, hose, etc.)c1450 peak1580 dumpc1585 mopea1592 sink1603 bate1607 deject1644 despond1655 alamort?1705 sadden1718 dismal1780 munge1790 mug1828 to get one's tail down1853 to have (also get) the pip1881 shadow1888 to have (one's) ass in a sling1960 1780 F. Burney Early Jrnls. & Lett. (2003) IV. 344 Miss L. sung various old elegies..O! how I dismalled in hearing them. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < |
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